CRTP中的析构函数是怎么实现的?

How do you implement the destructor in CRTP?

在实现奇怪的循环模板模式 (CRTP) 时,是否要求析构函数是虚拟的?如果不是,正确的非虚拟实现是什么?

我将提供一个示例,希望能让事情变得更简单:

template<typename T>
class Base
{
public:
    virtual ~Base()
    {
        // Should this be virtual? Non-virtual?
        std::cout << "Base::~Base()\n";
    }
};

class Derived : public Base<Derived>
{
public:
    ~Derived() override
    {
        std::cout << "Derived::~Derived()\n";
    }
};

int main()
{
    Base<Derived>* b = new Derived;
    delete b;
}

结果:

Derived::~Derived()
Base::~Base()

(Live Sample Here)

编辑:更新示例以使用运行时多态性,以便正确清理需要虚拟析构函数。

CRTP 基础 class 在这个意义上与任何其他基础 class 没有什么不同。仅当您要通过指向 Base<Derived> 的指针 delete 类型 Derived 的对象时,才需要虚拟析构函数。否则,不需要虚拟析构函数。

Base<Derived>* b = new Derived;
delete b; // Base<Derived>::~Base<Derived> must be virtual

如果您要在指向派生对象的基 class 的指针上调用 delete,那么您需要一个虚拟析构函数,仅此而已。 CRTP 或无 CRTP。

在您展示的示例中,不需要虚拟析构函数。当您可能需要使用指向基 class 的指针调用它时,只需要一个虚拟析构函数,就像在这种情况下被覆盖的函数必须是虚拟的一样。在 CRTP class 的情况下,就像你展示的那样,很少需要删除 Base<T> 而不是 T 本身。

int main()
{
    Derived *a = new Derived();
    // we have the right type anyway, so dont actually need a virtual anything (even normal virtual methods)
    delete a;

    Derived *a = new Dervied();
    Base<Derived> *b = a;
    // We are now deleting via a parent class, so this needs a virtual destructor.
    // This is pretty uncommon with a simple CRTP however.
    delete b;
}