关于继承的困惑

Confusion regarding inheritance

我在测试一个层次继承的小程序时遇到了这个问题。该程序包含一个 parent class 银行和两个 child classes 取款和存款。

#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

//Hierarchical Inheritance

using namespace std;

class bank{
        protected:

            char name[20];
            int age, id;
            float bal;


        public:
            void getData(){
                cout <<"Enter your name, age, bank ID and balance" << endl;
                cin >> name >> age >> id >> bal;
            }
            void display(){
                cout <<"Name: " << name << endl << "ID: " << id << endl;
                cout <<"Age: " << age <<endl <<"Balance: " << bal << endl;
            }
            void check(){
                cout <<"Your balance is " << bal << endl;
            }
};

class withdraw : public bank{

        float wd;
    public:
        void withdrawMoney(){
            cout << "Enter the amount to withdraw" << endl;
            cin >> wd;

            if(wd > bal)
                cout << "You cannot withdraw that much. Your balance is only " << bal << endl;
            else{
                bal = bal-wd;
                cout << "You successfully withdrew " << wd << ". Your remaining balance is " << bal << endl;
            }
        }

};

class deposit : public bank{

        float dp;
    public:
        void depo(){
            cout <<"Enter the amount to deposit" << endl;
            cin >> dp;
            bal = bal+dp;
            cout <<"You successfully deposited " << dp << ". Your balance is now " << bal << "." << endl;
        }
};


int main()
{
    int c;

    bank b;
    deposit d;
    withdraw w;

    b.getData();

    do{
        cout <<"***The Dank Bank***" << endl;
        cout <<"What do you want to do?\n 1)Withdraw\n 2)Deposit\n 3)Check Balance\n 4)Display all details\n 5)Exit\n" << endl;
        cin >> c;


          if(c == 1)
                w.withdrawMoney();
          else if (c == 2)
                d.depo();
          else if(c == 3)
                b.check();
          else if(c == 4)
                b.display();
          else if(c == 5)
                exit(0);
          else
                cout <<"Wrong choice." << endl;

          cout<<"Press any key to continue" << endl;
          getch();

    }
     while(1);

    getch();
    return 0;
    }

执行撤回功能时,我得到以下输出:

You cannot withdraw that much. Your balance is only 6.03937e-039

使用存款功能时,输出显示存款金额而不是实际余额。

You successfully deposited 1000. Your balance is now 1000.

childclasses 使用的唯一变量是 bal,所以我决定像这样全局声明它。

#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
float bal;

该程序没有任何缺陷。但是这样做违背了使用继承的全部目的。

我很困惑。为什么会这样?

类 是对 object 的外观和行为的描述。你有其中三个。一个描述你所说的 bank,一个 deposit 和一个 withdraw.

Objects 是 classes 的实例。所以 object 是具有 class 所说的它应该具有的存储和行为的东西。您有三个 object:bdw

每个object都有自己独立的存储空间。如果你想让 object 知道另一个 object,你需要告诉它。 w 不能只找到 b。如果您有 b_barclaysb_natwestb_hsbc 会怎样?您希望 w 找到哪个?为什么?

我认为您所做的是将 classes 合并,它告诉编译器如何创建 object 与 objects 本身。一个从另一个继承的 class 简单地说子 class 将包含 parent 的行为和存储。所以它说,如果你创建两种类型的 object,那么 child 将拥有 parent 能力的超集。它不会创建任何存储共享;每个都有完全独立的存储空间,按照 class.

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