如何在 Windows 10 Creators Update 上注册来自 WPF 应用程序运行的 BLE 通知？

Question

我正在尝试编写一个使用 WinRT 蓝牙 LE API（Windows.Devices.Bluetooth 命名空间）的 C# 应用程序。该应用程序是 Windows 经典桌面应用程序（WPF，而非 UWP）。当运行 Windows 10 版本早于创意者更新时，这些 API 将按预期运行。但是，当运行 Creators Update 时，应该向蓝牙设备发送数据的 API 不起作用。具体来说，以下方法 return 成功状态代码但不通过蓝牙无线电传输任何数据（使用蓝牙流量嗅探器验证）：

GattCharacteristic.WriteClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorWithResultAsync
GattCharacteristic.WriteValueAsync

因此，任何为特征注册 ValueChanged 处理程序的尝试都不起作用。由于注册永远不会发送到蓝牙 LE 设备，因此应用程序不会收到任何通知。

我知道并非所有 UWP API 都可以在非 UWP 应用程序中使用，但我希望有人已经在这种配置下成功开发了 BLE 应用程序（或者至少现在可以确认这是不可能的） .在 Creators Update 之前，我能够连接 BLE 设备并从其读取数据和向其写入数据，并且只有在 Windows 10 的最新版本中才会出现上述问题。（注意：示例代码中使用的异步 API 是在创意者更新中添加的。我们应用程序的先前版本使用较旧的 BLE API，但它们在运行创意者更新时也不起作用。）

具体来说，我的问题是：鉴于以下项目参考列表和示例代码，有什么我可以尝试在 Windows 10 运行上实现蓝牙 LE 连接的方法吗？来自非 UWP 应用程序的创作者更新？ 请注意，"convert the application to a UWP app" 的明显答案对我们不起作用，因为我们以 UWP 内部不可能的方式与其他硬件和文件交互沙箱。

项目配置了以下引用：

System.Runtime.WindowsRuntime，位于：C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework.NETCore\v4.5\System.Runtime.WindowsRuntime.dll
Windows，位于：C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\UnionMetadata\Facade\Windows.WinMD
Windows.Foundation.FoundationContract，位于：C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\References.0.15063.0\Windows.Foundation.FoundationContract。 0.0.0\Windows.Foundation.FoundationContract.winmd
Windows.Foundation.UniversalApiContract，位于：C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\References.0.15063.0\Windows.Foundation.UniversalApiContract。 0.0.0\Windows.Foundation.UniversalApiContract.winmd

以下是我的应用程序中蓝牙代码的精简版本。请注意，为清楚起见，已删除许多错误处理等，但它应该给出我正在尝试做的事情的一般概念：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices.WindowsRuntime;
using Windows.Devices.Bluetooth;
using Windows.Devices.Bluetooth.GenericAttributeProfile;
using Windows.Devices.Enumeration;
using Windows.Foundation;
using Windows.Storage.Streams;
using System.Threading;

namespace BLEMinimumApp
{
    class Program
    {
        private List<string> foundDevices = new List<string>(5);

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            new Program().Execute();
        }

        private void Execute()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Starting device watcher...");

            string[] requestedProperties = { "System.Devices.Aep.IsConnected" };
            String query = "";
            //query for Bluetooth LE devices
            query += "(System.Devices.Aep.ProtocolId:=\"{bb7bb05e-5972-42b5-94fc-76eaa7084d49}\")";
            //query for devices with controllers' name
            query += " AND (System.ItemNameDisplay:=\"GPLeft\" OR System.ItemNameDisplay:=\"GPRight\")";

            var deviceWatcher = DeviceInformation.CreateWatcher(query, requestedProperties, DeviceInformationKind.AssociationEndpoint);
            deviceWatcher.Added += DeviceWatcher_OnAdded;
            deviceWatcher.Start();

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        private async void DeviceWatcher_OnAdded(DeviceWatcher sender, DeviceInformation deviceInfo)
        {
            lock (foundDevices)
            {
                if (foundDevices.Contains(deviceInfo.Name))
                {
                    return;
                }
                foundDevices.Add(deviceInfo.Name);
            }

            Console.WriteLine($"[{deviceInfo.Name}] DeviceWatcher_OnAdded...");
            await ConnectTo(deviceInfo);
        }

        private async Task ConnectTo(DeviceInformation deviceInfo)
        {
            try
            {
                // get the device
                BluetoothLEDevice device = await BluetoothLEDevice.FromIdAsync(deviceInfo.Id);
                Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Device found: connectionStatus={device?.ConnectionStatus}");

                // get the GATT service
                Thread.Sleep(150);
                Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Get GATT Services");
                var gattServicesResult = await device.GetGattServicesForUuidAsync(new Guid("<GUID REMOVED FOR SO POST"));
                Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] GATT services result: status={gattServicesResult?.Status}, count={gattServicesResult?.Services?.Count}, cx={device.ConnectionStatus}");

                if (gattServicesResult == null 
                    || gattServicesResult.Status != GattCommunicationStatus.Success 
                    || gattServicesResult.Services == null 
                    || gattServicesResult.Services?.Count < 1)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Failed to find GATT service.");
                    return;
                }

                var service = gattServicesResult.Services[0];
                Console.WriteLine($"[{device?.Name}] GATT service found: gattDeviceService={service.Uuid}");

                // get the GATT characteristic
                Thread.Sleep(150);
                Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Get GATT characteristics");
                var gattCharacteristicsResult = await service.GetCharacteristicsForUuidAsync(new Guid("<GUID REMOVED FOR SO POST>"));
                Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] GATT Characteristics result: status={gattCharacteristicsResult?.Status}, count={gattCharacteristicsResult?.Characteristics?.Count}, cx={device.ConnectionStatus}");

                if (gattCharacteristicsResult == null
                    || gattCharacteristicsResult.Status != GattCommunicationStatus.Success
                    || gattCharacteristicsResult.Characteristics == null
                    || gattCharacteristicsResult.Characteristics?.Count < 1)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Failed to find GATT characteristic.");
                    return;
                }

                var characteristic = gattCharacteristicsResult.Characteristics[0];

                // register for notifications
                Thread.Sleep(150);

                characteristic.ValueChanged += (sender, args) =>
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Received notification containing {args.CharacteristicValue.Length} bytes");
                };
                Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Writing CCCD...");
                GattWriteResult result =
                    await characteristic.WriteClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorWithResultAsync(GattClientCharacteristicConfigurationDescriptorValue.Notify);
                Console.WriteLine($"[{device?.Name}] Characteristics write result: status={result.Status}, protocolError={result.ProtocolError}");

                // send configuration to device 
                await SendConfiguration(device, characteristic);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) when((uint) ex.HResult == 0x800710df)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("bluetooth error 1");
                // ERROR_DEVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE because the Bluetooth radio is not on.
            }
        }

        private async Task SendConfiguration(BluetoothLEDevice device, GattCharacteristic characteristic)
        {
            if (characteristic != null)
            {
                var writer = new DataWriter();
                // CONFIGURATION REMOVED, but this code writes device-specific bytes to the DataWriter

                await SendMessage(device, characteristic, writer.DetachBuffer());
            }
        }

        private async Task SendMessage(BluetoothLEDevice device, GattCharacteristic characteristic, IBuffer message)
        {
            if (characteristic != null && device.ConnectionStatus.Equals(BluetoothConnectionStatus.Connected) && message != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Sending message...");
                GattCommunicationStatus result = await characteristic.WriteValueAsync(message);
                Console.WriteLine($"[{device.Name}] Result: {result}");
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

COM 安全性可能会阻止您的应用程序接收通知。请参考以下线程以获得解决方案。我建议使用注册表 hack。

https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/58da3fdb-a0e1-4161-8af3-778b6839f4e1/bluetooth-bluetoothledevicefromidasync-does-not-complete-on-10015063?forum=wdk

我遇到了类似的问题，通过上述注册表更改，我的应用收到的通知很少，并且无缘无故地停止了。在这个问题上浪费了很多时间，等待微软的补丁。

Answer 2

最新更新修正了这个问题。您还可以使用 Matt Beaver 在另一位发帖者引用的 link 上的说明解决该问题。

基本上是：

为您的应用程序指定 AppId。
在您的申请中致电 CoInitializeSecurity 让我们回电

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