为什么 pthread 返回的值与传递给线程函数的值不同?

Why the value returned by a pthread is not same as passed to the thread function?

我的理解 pthread_join manual 是我的程序应该输出与我提供给 print_xs 相同的值,但获得的输出是:

Message from printxs 11131 a
Message from printxs 11234 b
32766 -16
32766 0

程序:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<pthread.h>

typedef struct paramsThread{
        char c;
        int count;
} threadPara;

void* print_xs(void* unused){
        threadPara *tp = (threadPara *)unused;
        int i=tp->count;

        printf("Message from printxs %d %c\n", tp->count, tp->c);
        return (void*)tp;
}

int main(){
        pthread_t thread1, thread2;
        threadPara t1,t2,t3,t4;
        t1.c = 'a';
        t2.c = 'b';
        t1.count = 11131;
        t2.count = 11234;
        t3.count=0;
        pthread_create(&thread1, NULL, &print_xs, &t1);
        pthread_create(&thread2, NULL, &print_xs, &t2);
        pthread_join(thread1,(void*)&t3);
        printf("%d %d\n", t3.count, t3.c);
        pthread_join(thread2,(void*)&t4);
        printf("%d %d\n", t4.count, t4.c);
        return 0;
}

有人可以解释为什么会这样吗?

如果你read a pthread_join reference or manual page你会看到第二个参数是一个指针指向一个指针。这是一种在 C 中模拟 按引用传递 的方法。

线程函数returns的指针被复制到另一个指针中。

解决方案是使用 t3t4 的指针代替:

threadPara t1, t2;
threadPara *t3, *t4;

// ...

pthread_join(thread1,(void**)&t3);  // Pass pointer to the pointer, emulating pass by reference
printf("%d %d\n", t3->count, t3->c);
pthread_join(thread2,(void**)&t4);
printf("%d %d\n", t4->count, t4->c);

如果您打印指针,或使用调试器,那么您将看到 t3 将指向 t1(即 t3 == &t1),[=13 也是如此=] 和 t2.

线程函数returns一个地址,一个void*

pthread_join() 接收此地址 to 其中它的 2nd 参数 (a void**) 到.

所以在您的代码中使用它而不是

        pthread_join(thread1, (void*)&t3);

        {
          void * pv;
          pthread_join(thread1, &pv);
          if (NULL != pv)
          {
            t3 = *((threadPara*) pv);
          }
        }

作为旁注:在 C 中有 no 需要转换 to/from void-指针 from/to 其他指针,指针涉及的内容会隐式转换。

所以这段代码

void* print_xs(void* unused){
    threadPara *tp = (threadPara *)unused;
    int i=tp->count;

    printf("Message from printxs %d %c\n", tp->count, tp->c);
    return (void*)tp;
}

完全可以这样写:

void* print_xs(void* unused){
    threadPara *tp = unused;
    int i=tp->count;

    printf("Message from printxs %d %c\n", tp->count, tp->c);
    return tp;
}