CSS 网格布局：如何使背景颜色跨越多个单元格？

Question

对于 FreeCodeCamp 作业，我在 CSS 网格布局中制作了一个 iOS 计算器克隆。 JavaScript 到运行这是以后的工作；我现在专注于设计。

最终结果应如下所示：

html {
  font-size: 20px;
}

.wrapper {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr 1.2fr;
  grid-auto-rows: minmax(700px, auto);
}

.wrapper>div {
  padding: 0;
}

.nested-1 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  justify-items: center;
}

.nested-1>div {
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  color: white;
}

.top-bar {
  padding-top: 0.3rem;
}

.flight-modus {
  justify-self: start;
  padding-left: 0.3rem;
}

.charge-status {
  justify-self: end;
  padding-right: 0.3rem;
}

.nested-2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-auto-rows: minmax(200px, auto);
  justify-items: end;
}

.nested-2>div {
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-size: 5rem;
  font-weight: lighter;
  color: white;
  padding-left: 0.2rem;
  padding-right: 0.2rem;
  align-self: end;
}

.nested-3 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  grid-template-rows: repeat(5, 1fr);
  justify-items: center;
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  color: black;
  background: #ddd;
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-weight: lighter;
  padding: 1rem;
}

.operations {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1.3rem;
}

.bg-grey {
  background: #ccc;
}

.left-cell {
  background: black;
}

.right-cell {
  background: black;
}

.calculator {
  background: #333333;
}

<body class="">
  <div class="wrapper">
    <div class="left-cell">
    </div>

    <div class="calculator">
      <div class="nested-1 top-bar">
        <div class="flight-modus"><img src="http://i63.tinypic.com/sebv9j.png" alt="flight mode"> &nbsp;
          <img src="http://i67.tinypic.com/5zqf4k.png" alt="wifi signal at full strength"></div>
        <div>10:10 am</div>
        <div class="charge-status">96% <img src="http://i67.tinypic.com/30ldxtx.png" alt="battery at near full charge"></div>
      </div>

      <div class="nested-2 result">
        <div>3,658.8</div>
      </div>

      <div class="nested-3 keys">
        <div class="operations bg-grey">C</div>
        <div class="operations bg-grey">+/-</div>
        <div class="operations bg-grey">%</div>
        <div class="operations bg-grey">/</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>5</div>
      </div>

    </div>
    <div class="right-cell">
    </div>
  </div>

我做了什么：

我制作了一个包含多个嵌套网格的通用网格。这些嵌套网格中的第 3 个必须容纳计算器键（数字 0-9，基本数学运算，结果，清晰）。

如何在一定数量的 cells 中设置连续的 background-color，例如深灰色、橙色等？现在，在我个人 divs 上设置 bg 会留下空白。接下来，cell-borders 也应该按照示例获得 1px 纯色。

在 SO 和 CSS 网格布局/CSS Flexbox 教程中搜索过，对于这个显然很简单的任务，我找不到简单的解决方案。我应该在这里将 Flexbox 引入我的网格吗？

尽管我很欣赏 Grid 带来的美妙的新动态，以及它与 Flexbox 的兼容性，但我对这两者还是很陌生。

欢迎对我的代码结构提出任何提示和意见！谢谢，克里斯

Answer 1

您尝试使用网格非常好，但请谨慎使用 (https://rachelandrew.co.uk/archives/2016/03/30/should-i-use-grid-or-flexbox/)。对于您的问题，我只会将网格用于 3 个单元格（左、中和右）。但是我在这里有意地将 Flexbox 用于您的 "nested-3"-box，因此您可以尝试一下并使用它。

html{
 font-size: 20px;
}

.wrapper{
 display:grid;
 grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr 1.2fr;
 grid-auto-rows: minmax(700px, auto);
}

.wrapper > div{
 padding: 0;
}

.nested-1{
 display:grid;
 grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
 justify-items: center;
}
.nested-1 > div{
 font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
 font-size: 0.6rem;
 color: white;
}

 .top-bar{
 padding-top: 0.3rem;
 }

 .flight-modus{
  justify-self:start;
  padding-left: 0.3rem;
 }

 .charge-status{
  justify-self:end;
  padding-right: 0.3rem;
 }

.nested-2{
 display: grid;
 grid-auto-rows: minmax(200px, auto);
 justify-items: end;
}
 .nested-2 > div{
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-size: 5rem;
  font-weight: lighter;
  color: white;
  padding-left: 0.2rem;
  padding-right: 0.2rem;
  align-self: end;
 }

.nested-3{
 display: flex;
 font-size: 2.2rem;
 color: black;
 background: #ddd;
 font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
 font-weight: lighter;
}
  .keys {
    display: flex;
  }
  
  .wrapper1 {
    flex: 1 0 75%;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
  
  .wrapper1 > div {
    flex: 1 0 25%;
    height: 94px;
    border: 1px solid #777;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
  }
  
  .wrapper1 > div.null {
    flex-basis:58%;
  }
  .wrapper2 {
    flex: 1 0 25%;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background-color: orange;
    color: #fff;
  }
  
  .wrapper2 > div {
    height: 94px;
    border: 1px solid #777;
    flex: 1 0 100%;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
  }
.bg-grey{
 background: #ccc;
}

.left-cell{
 background: black;
}
.right-cell{
 background: black;
}

.calculator{
 background: #333333;
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
 <!-- EDIT HEAD INFO INSIDE CODEPEN PREFS -->
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,300" rel="stylesheet">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
 </head>
 <body class="">
 <div class="wrapper">
  <div class="left-cell">
  </div>

  <div class="calculator">
   <div class="nested-1 top-bar">
    <div class="flight-modus"><img src="http://i63.tinypic.com/sebv9j.png" alt="flight mode">
     &nbsp;
     <img src="http://i67.tinypic.com/5zqf4k.png" alt="wifi signal at full strength"></div>
    <div>10:10 am</div>
    <div class="charge-status">96% <img src="http://i67.tinypic.com/30ldxtx.png" alt="battery at near full charge"></div>
   </div>

   <div class="nested-2 result">
   <div>3,658.8</div>
   </div>

   <div class="nested-3 keys">
    <div class="wrapper1">
        <div>C</div>
        <div>+/-</div>
        <div>%</div>
        <div>7</div>
        <div>8</div>
        <div>9</div>
        <div>4</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>6</div>
        <div>3</div>
        <div>2</div>
        <div>1</div>
        <div class="null">0</div>
        <div>.</div>
      </div>
      <div class="wrapper2">
        <div>/</div>
        <div>X</div>
        <div>-</div>
        <div>+</div>
        <div>=</div>
      </div>
   </div>

  </div>
  <div class="right-cell">
  </div>
 </div>
</body>
</html>

希望这对您有所帮助！但正如我所说，请尝试考虑使用 grid 或 flex 来处理小事情是否有意义。也看看性能吧。

Answer 2

平铺边框

制作黑色边框的一种简单方法是为容器提供黑色背景色。

.nested-3 {
  background: black;
}

然后将前景色应用到每个键。

.nested-3 > div {
  background: #ddd;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

（使用 flexbox 使内容居中。）

然后使用grid-gap 属性创建小间距，模拟边框。

.nested-3 {
  grid-gap: 1px;
}

jsFiddle demo

html {
  font-size: 20px;
}

.wrapper {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr 1.2fr;
  grid-auto-rows: minmax(700px, auto);
}

.wrapper>div {
  padding: 0;
}

.nested-1 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  justify-items: center;
}

.nested-1>div {
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  color: white;
}

.top-bar {
  padding-top: 0.3rem;
}

.flight-modus {
  justify-self: start;
  padding-left: 0.3rem;
}

.charge-status {
  justify-self: end;
  padding-right: 0.3rem;
}

.nested-2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-auto-rows: minmax(200px, auto);
  justify-items: end;
}

.nested-2>div {
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-size: 5rem;
  font-weight: lighter;
  color: white;
  padding-left: 0.2rem;
  padding-right: 0.2rem;
  align-self: end;
}

.nested-3 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  grid-template-rows: repeat(5, 1fr);
  /* justify-items: center; */
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  color: black;
  background: black;
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-weight: lighter;
  padding: 1rem;
  grid-gap: 1px;
}

.nested-3>* {
  background: #ddd;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.operations {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1.3rem;
}

.left-cell {
  background: black;
}

.right-cell {
  background: black;
}

.calculator {
  background: #333333;
}

<div class="wrapper">
  <div class="left-cell">
  </div>

  <div class="calculator">
    <div class="nested-1 top-bar">
      <div class="flight-modus"><img src="http://i63.tinypic.com/sebv9j.png" alt="flight mode"> &nbsp;
        <img src="http://i67.tinypic.com/5zqf4k.png" alt="wifi signal at full strength"></div>
      <div>10:10 am</div>
      <div class="charge-status">96% <img src="http://i67.tinypic.com/30ldxtx.png" alt="battery at near full charge"></div>
    </div>

    <div class="nested-2 result">
      <div>3,658.8</div>
    </div>

    <div class="nested-3 keys">
      <div class="operations">C</div>
      <div class="operations">+/-</div>
      <div class="operations">%</div>
      <div class="operations">/</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
    </div>

  </div>
  <div class="right-cell">
  </div>
</div>

行/列背景色

标准 CSS 选择器可以处理设置行和列背景颜色的任务。

行

.operations {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1.3rem;
  background-color: orange;
}

jsFiddle demo

html {
  font-size: 20px;
}

.wrapper {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr 1.2fr;
  grid-auto-rows: minmax(700px, auto);
}

.wrapper>div {
  padding: 0;
}

.nested-1 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  justify-items: center;
}

.nested-1>div {
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  color: white;
}

.top-bar {
  padding-top: 0.3rem;
}

.flight-modus {
  justify-self: start;
  padding-left: 0.3rem;
}

.charge-status {
  justify-self: end;
  padding-right: 0.3rem;
}

.nested-2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-auto-rows: minmax(200px, auto);
  justify-items: end;
}

.nested-2>div {
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-size: 5rem;
  font-weight: lighter;
  color: white;
  padding-left: 0.2rem;
  padding-right: 0.2rem;
  align-self: end;
}

.nested-3 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  grid-template-rows: repeat(5, 1fr);
  /* justify-items: center; */
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  color: black;
  background: black;
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-weight: lighter;
  padding: 1rem;
  grid-gap: 1px;
}

.nested-3>* {
  background: #ddd;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.operations {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1.3rem;
  background-color: orange;
}

.left-cell {
  background: black;
}

.right-cell {
  background: black;
}

.calculator {
  background: #333333;
}

<div class="wrapper">
  <div class="left-cell">
  </div>

  <div class="calculator">
    <div class="nested-1 top-bar">
      <div class="flight-modus"><img src="http://i63.tinypic.com/sebv9j.png" alt="flight mode"> &nbsp;
        <img src="http://i67.tinypic.com/5zqf4k.png" alt="wifi signal at full strength"></div>
      <div>10:10 am</div>
      <div class="charge-status">96% <img src="http://i67.tinypic.com/30ldxtx.png" alt="battery at near full charge"></div>
    </div>

    <div class="nested-2 result">
      <div>3,658.8</div>
    </div>

    <div class="nested-3 keys">
      <div class="operations">C</div>
      <div class="operations">+/-</div>
      <div class="operations">%</div>
      <div class="operations">/</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
    </div>

  </div>
  <div class="right-cell">
  </div>
</div>

列

.nested-3 > div:nth-child(4n) {
  background-color: orange;
}

.nested-3 > div:not(:nth-child(3)):nth-child(4n + 3) {
  background-color: red;
}

jsFiddle demo

html {
  font-size: 20px;
}

.wrapper {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr 1.2fr;
  grid-auto-rows: minmax(700px, auto);
}

.wrapper>div {
  padding: 0;
}

.nested-1 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  justify-items: center;
}

.nested-1>div {
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  color: white;
}

.top-bar {
  padding-top: 0.3rem;
}

.flight-modus {
  justify-self: start;
  padding-left: 0.3rem;
}

.charge-status {
  justify-self: end;
  padding-right: 0.3rem;
}

.nested-2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-auto-rows: minmax(200px, auto);
  justify-items: end;
}

.nested-2>div {
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-size: 5rem;
  font-weight: lighter;
  color: white;
  padding-left: 0.2rem;
  padding-right: 0.2rem;
  align-self: end;
}

.nested-3 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  grid-template-rows: repeat(5, 1fr);
  /* justify-items: center; */
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  color: black;
  background: black;
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-weight: lighter;
  padding: 1rem;
  grid-gap: 1px;
}

.nested-3>* {
  background: #ddd;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.operations {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1.3rem;
}

.nested-3>div:nth-child(4n) {
  background-color: orange;
}

.nested-3>div:not(:nth-child(3)):nth-child(4n + 3) {
  background-color: red;
}

.left-cell {
  background: black;
}

.right-cell {
  background: black;
}

.calculator {
  background: #333333;
}

<div class="wrapper">
  <div class="left-cell">
  </div>

  <div class="calculator">
    <div class="nested-1 top-bar">
      <div class="flight-modus"><img src="http://i63.tinypic.com/sebv9j.png" alt="flight mode"> &nbsp;
        <img src="http://i67.tinypic.com/5zqf4k.png" alt="wifi signal at full strength"></div>
      <div>10:10 am</div>
      <div class="charge-status">96% <img src="http://i67.tinypic.com/30ldxtx.png" alt="battery at near full charge"></div>
    </div>

    <div class="nested-2 result">
      <div>3,658.8</div>
    </div>

    <div class="nested-3 keys">
      <div class="operations">C</div>
      <div class="operations">+/-</div>
      <div class="operations">%</div>
      <div class="operations">/</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
      <div>5</div>
    </div>

  </div>
  <div class="right-cell">
  </div>
</div>

Answer 3

要修复 nested-3 的边框和背景，您可以使用以下方法设置背景和边框：
```
background: #888;
grid-gap: 1px;
```
对于 nested-3 的所有 children，您可以设置背景：
```
.nested-3 > div {
  background: #ddd;
}
```

而不是 .operations 上的 padding 您可以将其添加到 nested-3 > div:

.nested-3 > div {/* ADDED */
  background: #ddd;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 1.3rem;
}

您可能需要从 nested-3 div.

justify-items: center

padding: 1rem

我也尝试了这个设计 - 像这样重新排列标记：

<div class="nested-3 keys">
    <!-- MODIFIED HERE -->
    <div class="operations bg-grey">C</div>
    <div class="operations bg-grey">+/-</div>
    <div class="operations bg-grey">%</div>
    <div>7</div>
    <div>8</div>
    <div>9</div>
    <div>4</div>
    <div>5</div>
    <div>6</div>
    <div>1</div>
    <div>2</div>
    <div>3</div>
    <div class="zero">0</div>
    <div>.</div>
    <div class="operations bg-grey op-right">/</div>
    <div class="op-right">x</div>
    <div class="op-right">-</div>
    <div class="op-right">+</div>
    <div class="op-right">=</div>
</div>

并添加了这些样式：

.nested-3>.op-right {
  grid-column-start: 4;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  background: #fd8a0d;
}

.nested-3>.op-right+.op-right {
  grid-row-start: 2;
}

.nested-3>.op-right+.op-right+.op-right {
  grid-row-start: 3;
}

.nested-3>.op-right+.op-right+.op-right+.op-right {
  grid-row-start: 4;
}

.nested-3>.op-right+.op-right+.op-right+.op-right+.op-right {
  grid-row-start: 5;
}

.zero {
  grid-column: span 2;
}

请参阅下面的代码段：

html {
  font-size: 20px;
}

.wrapper {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr 1.2fr;
  grid-auto-rows: minmax(700px, auto);
}

.wrapper>div {
  padding: 0;
}

.nested-1 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  justify-items: center;
}

.nested-1>div {
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  color: white;
}

.top-bar {
  padding-top: 0.3rem;
}

.flight-modus {
  justify-self: start;
  padding-left: 0.3rem;
}

.charge-status {
  justify-self: end;
  padding-right: 0.3rem;
}

.nested-2 {
  display: grid;
  grid-auto-rows: minmax(200px, auto);
  justify-items: end;
}

.nested-2>div {
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-size: 5rem;
  font-weight: lighter;
  color: white;
  padding-left: 0.2rem;
  padding-right: 0.2rem;
  align-self: end;
}

.nested-3 {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  grid-template-rows: repeat(5, 1fr);
  /*justify-items: center;*/
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  color: black;
  background: #888;/* CHANGED */
  grid-gap: 1px;/* ADDED */
  font-family: "Roboto", sans-serif;
  font-weight: lighter;
  /*padding: 1rem;*/
}

.nested-3>div { /* ADDED */
  background: #ddd;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 1.3rem;
}

.operations {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  /*padding: 1.3rem;*/
}

.bg-grey {
  background: #ccc;
}

.left-cell {
  background: black;
}

.right-cell {
  background: black;
}

.calculator {
  background: #333333;
}

/* ADDED THESE BELOW */

.nested-3>.op-right {
  grid-column-start: 4;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  background: #fd8a0d;
}

.nested-3>.op-right+.op-right {
  grid-row-start: 2;
}

.nested-3>.op-right+.op-right+.op-right {
  grid-row-start: 3;
}

.nested-3>.op-right+.op-right+.op-right+.op-right {
  grid-row-start: 4;
}

.nested-3>.op-right+.op-right+.op-right+.op-right+.op-right {
  grid-row-start: 5;
}

.zero {
  grid-column: span 2;
}

<body class="">
  <div class="wrapper">
    <div class="left-cell">
    </div>

    <div class="calculator">
      <div class="nested-1 top-bar">
        <div class="flight-modus"><img src="http://i63.tinypic.com/sebv9j.png" alt="flight mode"> &nbsp;
          <img src="http://i67.tinypic.com/5zqf4k.png" alt="wifi signal at full strength"></div>
        <div>10:10 am</div>
        <div class="charge-status">96% <img src="http://i67.tinypic.com/30ldxtx.png" alt="battery at near full charge"></div>
      </div>

      <div class="nested-2 result">
        <div>3,658.8</div>
      </div>

      <div class="nested-3 keys">
        <!-- MODIFIED HERE -->
        <div class="operations bg-grey">C</div>
        <div class="operations bg-grey">+/-</div>
        <div class="operations bg-grey">%</div>
        <div>7</div>
        <div>8</div>
        <div>9</div>
        <div>4</div>
        <div>5</div>
        <div>6</div>
        <div>1</div>
        <div>2</div>
        <div>3</div>
        <div class="zero">0</div>
        <div>.</div>
        <div class="operations bg-grey op-right">/</div>
        <div class="op-right">x</div>
        <div class="op-right">-</div>
        <div class="op-right">+</div>
        <div class="op-right">=</div>
      </div>

    </div>
    <div class="right-cell">
    </div>
  </div>

CSS 网格布局：如何使背景颜色跨越多个单元格？

CSS Grid Layout: how to make background colour span multiple cells?

html

css

flexbox

css-grid

平铺边框

行/列背景色