R 中的 xml2：从父项中提取子项属性（所有名称都相同）

Question

我有以下 xml，其中节点可以具有相同的名称，但它们的属性可能不同。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<protein-matches xmlns="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/resources/schemas/interproscan5">
    <protein>
        <sequence md5="6e7e4fcef214ab5cf97714e899af0b96">MATLRAMLKNAFILFLFTLTIMAKTVFSQQCGTTGCAANLCCSRYGYCGTTDAYCGTGCRSGPCSSSTTPIPPTPSGGAGGLNADPRDTIENVVTPAFFDGIMSKVGNGCPAKGFYTRQAFIAAAQSFDAYKGTVAKREIAAMLAQFSHESGSFCYKEEIARGKYCSPSTAYPCTPGKDYYGRGPIQITWNYNYGAAGKFLGLPLLTDPDMVARSPQVAFQCAMWFWNLNVRPVLDQGFGATTRKINGGECNGRRPAAVQSRVNYYLEFCRTLGITPGANLSC</sequence>
        <xref id="AT2G43620.1"/>
        <matches>
            <hmmer3-match evalue="1.5E-8" score="34.9">
                <signature ac="PF00187" desc="Chitin recognition protein" name="Chitin_bind_1">
                    <entry ac="IPR001002" desc="Chitin-binding, type 1" name="Chitin-bd_1" type="DOMAIN">
                        <go-xref category="MOLECULAR_FUNCTION" db="GO" id="GO:0008061" name="chitin binding"/>
                    </entry>
                    <models>
                        <model ac="PF00187" desc="Chitin recognition protein" name="Chitin_bind_1"/>
                    </models>
                    <signature-library-release library="PFAM" version="31.0"/>
                </signature>
                <locations>
                    <hmmer3-location env-end="64" env-start="31" score="34.9" evalue="1.5E-8" hmm-start="2" hmm-end="38" hmm-length="0" start="31" end="64"/>
                </locations>
            </hmmer3-match>
            <hmmer3-match evalue="1.4E-46" score="159.2">
                <signature ac="PF00182" desc="Chitinase class I" name="Glyco_hydro_19">
                    <entry ac="IPR000726" desc="Glycoside hydrolase, family 19, catalytic" name="Glyco_hydro_19_cat" type="DOMAIN">
                        <go-xref category="BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS" db="GO" id="GO:0016998" name="cell wall macromolecule catabolic process"/>
                        <go-xref category="MOLECULAR_FUNCTION" db="GO" id="GO:0004568" name="chitinase activity"/>
                        <go-xref category="BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS" db="GO" id="GO:0006032" name="chitin catabolic process"/>
                        <pathway-xref db="MetaCyc" id="PWY-7822" name="Chitin degradation III (Serratia)"/>
                        <pathway-xref db="MetaCyc" id="PWY-6855" name="Chitin degradation I (archaea)"/>
                        <pathway-xref db="MetaCyc" id="PWY-6902" name="Chitin degradation II (Vibrio)"/>
                        <pathway-xref db="KEGG" id="00520+3.2.1.14" name="Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism"/>
                    </entry>
                    <models>
                        <model ac="PF00182" desc="Chitinase class I" name="Glyco_hydro_19"/>
                    </models>
                    <signature-library-release library="PFAM" version="31.0"/>
                </signature>
                <locations>
                    <hmmer3-location env-end="228" env-start="94" score="131.4" evalue="4.3E-38" hmm-start="2" hmm-end="155" hmm-length="0" start="94" end="228"/>
                    <hmmer3-location env-end="283" env-start="237" score="28.0" evalue="1.7E-6" hmm-start="185" hmm-end="232" hmm-length="0" start="237" end="283"/>
                </locations>
            </hmmer3-match>
        </matches>
    </protein>
</protein-matches>

我想要的是为每个 hmmer3-match、signature、entry、go-xref 和 locations 提取属性。听起来很简单，我认为它会如此。

这是我尝试过的：

library(xml2)
res_xml <- xml2::read_xml(res)
hmmer3_match = xml_find_all(res_xml, "//*[name()='hmmer3-match']")

lapply(hmmer3_match, function(x) xml_find_all(x , "//*[name()='signature']"))
#output: 
[[1]]
{xml_nodeset (2)}
[1] <signature ac="PF00187" desc="Chitin recognition protein" name="Chitin_bind_1">\n  <entry ac="IPR001002" desc="Chitin-binding, type 1" name="Chi" ...
[2] <signature ac="PF00182" desc="Chitinase class I" name="Glyco_hydro_19">\n  <entry ac="IPR000726" desc="Glycoside hydrolase, family 19, catalytic" ...

[[2]]
{xml_nodeset (2)}
[1] <signature ac="PF00187" desc="Chitin recognition protein" name="Chitin_bind_1">\n  <entry ac="IPR001002" desc="Chitin-binding, type 1" name="Chi" ...
[2] <signature ac="PF00182" desc="Chitinase class I" name="Glyco_hydro_19">\n  <entry ac="IPR000726" desc="Glycoside hydrolase, family 19, catalytic" ...

看起来它翻了一番，因为：

xml_find_all(hmmer3_match, "//*[name()='signature']")
#output
{xml_nodeset (2)}
[1] <signature ac="PF00187" desc="Chitin recognition protein" name="Chitin_bind_1">\n  <entry ac="IPR001002" desc="Chitin-binding, type 1" name="Chi" ...
[2] <signature ac="PF00182" desc="Chitinase class I" name="Glyco_hydro_19">\n  <entry ac="IPR000726" desc="Glycoside hydrolase, family 19, catalytic" ...

如果我尝试 for 循环，同样的事情会发生：

hmmer3_match[1] #does select the first node
#but when I run:
signature = list()
for (i in 1: length(hmmer3_match)){
  signature[[i]] = xml_find_all(hmmer3_match[[i]] , "//*[name()='signature']")
}
#output is same as from `lapply`

我对这件事的了解非常有限，我觉得我遗漏了一些相当简单的东西？

我正在寻找一种通用解决方案，该解决方案适用于具有任意数量 go-xref、locations.

的任意数量的 hmmer3-match 节点

谢谢。

Answer 1

使用相对 XPath：

'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<protein-matches xmlns="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/resources/schemas/interproscan5">
    <protein>
        <sequence md5="6e7e4fcef214ab5cf97714e899af0b96">MATLRAMLKNAFILFLFTLTIMAKTVFSQQCGTTGCAANLCCSRYGYCGTTDAYCGTGCRSGPCSSSTTPIPPTPSGGAGGLNADPRDTIENVVTPAFFDGIMSKVGNGCPAKGFYTRQAFIAAAQSFDAYKGTVAKREIAAMLAQFSHESGSFCYKEEIARGKYCSPSTAYPCTPGKDYYGRGPIQITWNYNYGAAGKFLGLPLLTDPDMVARSPQVAFQCAMWFWNLNVRPVLDQGFGATTRKINGGECNGRRPAAVQSRVNYYLEFCRTLGITPGANLSC</sequence>
        <xref id="AT2G43620.1"/>
        <matches>
            <hmmer3-match evalue="1.5E-8" score="34.9">
                <signature ac="PF00187" desc="Chitin recognition protein" name="Chitin_bind_1">
                    <entry ac="IPR001002" desc="Chitin-binding, type 1" name="Chitin-bd_1" type="DOMAIN">
                        <go-xref category="MOLECULAR_FUNCTION" db="GO" id="GO:0008061" name="chitin binding"/>
                    </entry>
                    <models>
                        <model ac="PF00187" desc="Chitin recognition protein" name="Chitin_bind_1"/>
                    </models>
                    <signature-library-release library="PFAM" version="31.0"/>
                </signature>
                <locations>
                    <hmmer3-location env-end="64" env-start="31" score="34.9" evalue="1.5E-8" hmm-start="2" hmm-end="38" hmm-length="0" start="31" end="64"/>
                </locations>
            </hmmer3-match>
            <hmmer3-match evalue="1.4E-46" score="159.2">
                <signature ac="PF00182" desc="Chitinase class I" name="Glyco_hydro_19">
                    <entry ac="IPR000726" desc="Glycoside hydrolase, family 19, catalytic" name="Glyco_hydro_19_cat" type="DOMAIN">
                        <go-xref category="BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS" db="GO" id="GO:0016998" name="cell wall macromolecule catabolic process"/>
                        <go-xref category="MOLECULAR_FUNCTION" db="GO" id="GO:0004568" name="chitinase activity"/>
                        <go-xref category="BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS" db="GO" id="GO:0006032" name="chitin catabolic process"/>
                        <pathway-xref db="MetaCyc" id="PWY-7822" name="Chitin degradation III (Serratia)"/>
                        <pathway-xref db="MetaCyc" id="PWY-6855" name="Chitin degradation I (archaea)"/>
                        <pathway-xref db="MetaCyc" id="PWY-6902" name="Chitin degradation II (Vibrio)"/>
                        <pathway-xref db="KEGG" id="00520+3.2.1.14" name="Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism"/>
                    </entry>
                    <models>
                        <model ac="PF00182" desc="Chitinase class I" name="Glyco_hydro_19"/>
                    </models>
                    <signature-library-release library="PFAM" version="31.0"/>
                </signature>
                <locations>
                    <hmmer3-location env-end="228" env-start="94" score="131.4" evalue="4.3E-38" hmm-start="2" hmm-end="155" hmm-length="0" start="94" end="228"/>
                    <hmmer3-location env-end="283" env-start="237" score="28.0" evalue="1.7E-6" hmm-start="185" hmm-end="232" hmm-length="0" start="237" end="283"/>
                </locations>
            </hmmer3-match>
        </matches>
    </protein>
</protein-matches>' -> txt

实际代码：

library(purrr)

doc <- read_xml(txt)

xml_find_all(doc, ".//*[name()='hmmer3-match']") %>% 
 map(xml_find_all, ".//*[name()='signature']") -> sig
sig
## [[1]]
## {xml_nodeset (1)}
## [1] <signature ac="PF00187" desc="Chitin recognition protein" name="Chit ...
## 
## [[2]]
## {xml_nodeset (1)}
## [1] <signature ac="PF00182" desc="Chitinase class I" name="Glyco_hydro_1 ...

hmmer <- xml_find_all(doc, ".//*[name()='hmmer3-match']")
sig <- lapply(hmmer, xml_find_all, ".//*[name()='signature']")
sig
## [[1]]
## {xml_nodeset (1)}
## [1] <signature ac="PF00187" desc="Chitin recognition protein" name="Chit ...
## 
## [[2]]
## {xml_nodeset (1)}
## [1] <signature ac="PF00182" desc="Chitinase class I" name="Glyco_hydro_1 ...

hmmer <- xml_find_all(doc, ".//*[name()='hmmer3-match']")
sig <- list()
for (i in 1:length(hmmer)) {
  sig_match <- xml_find_all(hmmer[[i]], ".//*[name()='signature']")
  sig <- c(sig, sig_match)
}
sig
## [[1]]
## {xml_node}
## <signature ac="PF00187" desc="Chitin recognition protein" name="Chitin_bind_1">
## [1] <entry ac="IPR001002" desc="Chitin-binding, type 1" name="Chitin-bd_ ...
## [2] <models>\n  <model ac="PF00187" desc="Chitin recognition protein" na ...
## [3] <signature-library-release library="PFAM" version="31.0"/>
## 
## [[2]]
## {xml_node}
## <signature ac="PF00182" desc="Chitinase class I" name="Glyco_hydro_19">
## [1] <entry ac="IPR000726" desc="Glycoside hydrolase, family 19, catalyti ...
## [2] <models>\n  <model ac="PF00182" desc="Chitinase class I" name="Glyco ...
## [3] <signature-library-release library="PFAM" version="31.0"/>

R 中的 xml2：从父项中提取子项属性（所有名称都相同）

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