为什么我的 laravel dusk 测试在未定义的变量上失败了?

why is my laravel dusk test failing on undefined variable?

我有以下测试...

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\DuskTestCase;
use Laravel\Dusk\Browser;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseMigrations;

use App\Gameworld;
use Carbon\Carbon;

class VisitGameworldTest extends DuskTestCase
{

use DatabaseMigrations;

public function test_can_visit_gameworld()
{
    // arrange
    $gameworld = Gameworld::create([
      'name' => 'LMS Main Game',
      'start_date' => Carbon::parse('September 6th, 2017'),
      'league' => 'Premier League',
    ]);

    //dd($gameworld->id);

    $this->browse(function (Browser $browser) {
        $browser->visit('gameworld/'.$gameworld->id)
          ->assertSee('LMS Main Game')
          ->assertSee('September 6th, 2017')
          ->assertSee('Premier League');
    });
    }
}

我得到的错误是

1) Tests\Feature\VisitGameworldTest::test_can_visit_gameworld
ErrorException: Undefined variable: gameworld

当我执行 dd($gameworld) 时,我得到了预期的结果。

有人能告诉我这里出了什么问题吗?

谢谢。

超出范围

function (Browser $browser) use($gameworld)