OpenGL -- glGenVertexArrays，"thread 1: exc_bad_access (code =1, address=0x0)"
OpenGL -- glGenVertexArrays, "thread 1: exc_bad_access (code =1, address=0x0)"
我正在编写一个 openGL 程序 (C++)，它绘制了一个地面，上面有两个 3D 对象。我使用的编程工具是Xcode version 8.0(8A218a)(OSX 10.11.6).
我的代码(main.cpp):
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
using glm::vec3;
using glm::mat4;
GLint programID;
//initialize all OpenGL objects
GLuint groundVAO, groundVBO, groundEBO; //ground
bool checkStatus( //OK
GLuint objectID,
PFNGLGETSHADERIVPROC objectPropertyGetterFunc,
PFNGLGETSHADERINFOLOGPROC getInfoLogFunc,
GLenum statusType)
{
GLint status;
objectPropertyGetterFunc(objectID, statusType, &status);
if (status != GL_TRUE)
{
GLint infoLogLength;
objectPropertyGetterFunc(objectID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &infoLogLength);
GLchar* buffer = new GLchar[infoLogLength];
GLsizei bufferSize;
getInfoLogFunc(objectID, infoLogLength, &bufferSize, buffer);
cout << buffer << endl;
delete[] buffer;
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool checkShaderStatus(GLuint shaderID) //OK
{
return checkStatus(shaderID, glGetShaderiv, glGetShaderInfoLog, GL_COMPILE_STATUS);
}
bool checkProgramStatus(GLuint programID) //OK
{
return checkStatus(programID, glGetProgramiv, glGetProgramInfoLog, GL_LINK_STATUS);
}
string readShaderCode(const char* fileName) //OK
{
ifstream meInput(fileName);
if (!meInput.good())
{
cout << "File failed to load..." << fileName;
exit(1);
}
return std::string(
std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(meInput),
std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()
);
}
void installShaders() //OK
{
GLuint vertexShaderID = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
GLuint fragmentShaderID = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
const GLchar* adapter[1];
//adapter[0] = vertexShaderCode;
string temp = readShaderCode("VertexShaderCode.glsl");
adapter[0] = temp.c_str();
glShaderSource(vertexShaderID, 1, adapter, 0);
//adapter[0] = fragmentShaderCode;
temp = readShaderCode("FragmentShaderCode.glsl");
adapter[0] = temp.c_str();
glShaderSource(fragmentShaderID, 1, adapter, 0);
glCompileShader(vertexShaderID);
glCompileShader(fragmentShaderID);
if (!checkShaderStatus(vertexShaderID) ||
!checkShaderStatus(fragmentShaderID))
return;
programID = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(programID, vertexShaderID);
glAttachShader(programID, fragmentShaderID);
glLinkProgram(programID);
if (!checkProgramStatus(programID))
return;
glDeleteShader(vertexShaderID);
glDeleteShader(fragmentShaderID);
glUseProgram(programID);
}
void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
//TODO:
}
void sendDataToOpenGL()
{
//TODO:
//create solid objects here and bind to VAO & VBO
//Ground, vertices info
const GLfloat Ground[]
{
-5.0f, +0.0f, -5.0f, //0
+0.498f, +0.898, +0.0f, //grass color
+5.0f, +0.0f, -5.0f, //1
+0.498f, +0.898, +0.0f,
+5.0f, +0.0f, +5.0f, //2
+0.498f, +0.898, +0.0f,
-5.0f, +0.0f, +5.0f
};
GLushort groundIndex[] = {1,2,3, 1,0,3};
//Pass ground to vertexShader
//VAO
glGenVertexArrays(1, &groundVAO);
glBindVertexArray(groundVAO);
//VBO
glGenBuffers(1, &groundVBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, groundVBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Ground), Ground, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
//EBO
glGenBuffers(1, &groundEBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, groundEBO);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(groundIndex), groundIndex, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
//connectToVertexShader
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); //position
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 6, 0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); //color
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 6, (char*)(sizeof(float)*3));
}
void paintGL(void)
{
//TODO:
//render your objects and control the transformation here
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
//translate model
glm::mat4 modelTransformMatrix = glm::translate(glm::mat4(), vec3(+0.0f, +0.0f, -3.0f));
//perspective view
glm::mat4 projectionMatrix = glm::perspective(+40.0f, +1.0f, +1.0f, +60.0f);
//ultimate matrix
glm::mat4 ultimateMatrix;
//register location on the graphics cards
GLint ultimateMatrixUniformLocation = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "ultimateMatrix");
/*GLint modelTransformMatrixUniformLocation = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "modelTransformMatrix");
GLint projectionMatrixUniformLocation = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "projectionMatrix");*/
//drawing the ground
/*glUniformMatrix4fv(modelTransformMatrixUniformLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &modelTransformMatrix[0][0]);
glUniformMatrix4fv(projectionMatrixUniformLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &projectionMatrix[0][0]);*/
glBindVertexArray(groundVAO);
ultimateMatrix = projectionMatrix * modelTransformMatrix;
glUniformMatrix4fv(ultimateMatrixUniformLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &ultimateMatrix[0][0]);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
glFlush();
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void initializedGL(void) //run only once
{
glewInit();
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
sendDataToOpenGL();
installShaders();
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
/*Initialization*/
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
glutCreateWindow("Try");
glutInitWindowSize(700, 700);
//const GLubyte* glversion = glGetString(GL_VERSION);
/*Register different CALLBACK function for GLUT to response
with different events, e.g. window sizing, mouse click or
keyboard stroke */
initializedGL();
//glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
glutDisplayFunc(paintGL);
glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
/*Enter the GLUT event processing loop which never returns.
it will call different registered CALLBACK according
to different events. */
//printf("OpenGL ver: %s\n", glversion);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
VertexShaderCode.glsl:
#version 430 // GLSL version your computer supports
in layout(location=0) vec3 position;
in layout(location=1) vec3 vertexColor;
uniform mat4 ultimateMatrix;
out vec3 theColor;
void main()
{
vec4 v = vec4(position, 1.0);
gl_Position = ultimateMatrix * v;
theColor = vertexColor;
}
FragmentShaderCode.glsl:
#version 430 //GLSL version your computer supports
out vec4 theColor2;
in vec3 theColor;
void main()
{
theColor2 = vec4(theColor, 1.0);
}
函数：checkStatus、checkShaderStatus、checkProgramStatus、readShaderCode、installShaders应该没问题。
void keyboard()可以忽略，因为我还没有实现（只是为了键盘控制）。
我在 sendDataToOpenGL() 中实现了对象 "Ground"。但是当我编译 运行 程序时， "thread 1: exc_bad_access (code =1, address=0x0)" 出现在 VAO:
弹出窗口 window 只是一个白色屏幕，而不是绿草 (3d)。
我尝试了其他 Whosebug post 中提供的方法：使用 glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;。使用它我没有看到任何错误，但是弹出屏幕在出现后立即消失了。看来还是解决不了问题
有人可以帮我吗？谢谢！
glGenVertexArrays 自 OpenGL 版本 3.0 起可用。如果支持顶点数组对象，可以通过 glewGetExtension("GL_ARB_vertex_array_object").
检查
Glew 可以通过 glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; 启用其他扩展。看到 GLEW documantation 上面写着：
GLEW obtains information on the supported extensions from the graphics driver. Experimental or pre-release drivers, however, might not report every available extension through the standard mechanism, in which case GLEW will report it unsupported. To circumvent this situation, the glewExperimental global switch can be turned on by setting it to GL_TRUE before calling glewInit(), which ensures that all extensions with valid entry points will be exposed.
将此添加到您的代码中：
glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
glewInit();
我正在编写一个 openGL 程序 (C++)，它绘制了一个地面，上面有两个 3D 对象。我使用的编程工具是Xcode version 8.0(8A218a)(OSX 10.11.6).
我的代码(main.cpp):
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
using glm::vec3;
using glm::mat4;
GLint programID;
//initialize all OpenGL objects
GLuint groundVAO, groundVBO, groundEBO; //ground
bool checkStatus( //OK
GLuint objectID,
PFNGLGETSHADERIVPROC objectPropertyGetterFunc,
PFNGLGETSHADERINFOLOGPROC getInfoLogFunc,
GLenum statusType)
{
GLint status;
objectPropertyGetterFunc(objectID, statusType, &status);
if (status != GL_TRUE)
{
GLint infoLogLength;
objectPropertyGetterFunc(objectID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &infoLogLength);
GLchar* buffer = new GLchar[infoLogLength];
GLsizei bufferSize;
getInfoLogFunc(objectID, infoLogLength, &bufferSize, buffer);
cout << buffer << endl;
delete[] buffer;
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool checkShaderStatus(GLuint shaderID) //OK
{
return checkStatus(shaderID, glGetShaderiv, glGetShaderInfoLog, GL_COMPILE_STATUS);
}
bool checkProgramStatus(GLuint programID) //OK
{
return checkStatus(programID, glGetProgramiv, glGetProgramInfoLog, GL_LINK_STATUS);
}
string readShaderCode(const char* fileName) //OK
{
ifstream meInput(fileName);
if (!meInput.good())
{
cout << "File failed to load..." << fileName;
exit(1);
}
return std::string(
std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(meInput),
std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()
);
}
void installShaders() //OK
{
GLuint vertexShaderID = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
GLuint fragmentShaderID = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
const GLchar* adapter[1];
//adapter[0] = vertexShaderCode;
string temp = readShaderCode("VertexShaderCode.glsl");
adapter[0] = temp.c_str();
glShaderSource(vertexShaderID, 1, adapter, 0);
//adapter[0] = fragmentShaderCode;
temp = readShaderCode("FragmentShaderCode.glsl");
adapter[0] = temp.c_str();
glShaderSource(fragmentShaderID, 1, adapter, 0);
glCompileShader(vertexShaderID);
glCompileShader(fragmentShaderID);
if (!checkShaderStatus(vertexShaderID) ||
!checkShaderStatus(fragmentShaderID))
return;
programID = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(programID, vertexShaderID);
glAttachShader(programID, fragmentShaderID);
glLinkProgram(programID);
if (!checkProgramStatus(programID))
return;
glDeleteShader(vertexShaderID);
glDeleteShader(fragmentShaderID);
glUseProgram(programID);
}
void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
//TODO:
}
void sendDataToOpenGL()
{
//TODO:
//create solid objects here and bind to VAO & VBO
//Ground, vertices info
const GLfloat Ground[]
{
-5.0f, +0.0f, -5.0f, //0
+0.498f, +0.898, +0.0f, //grass color
+5.0f, +0.0f, -5.0f, //1
+0.498f, +0.898, +0.0f,
+5.0f, +0.0f, +5.0f, //2
+0.498f, +0.898, +0.0f,
-5.0f, +0.0f, +5.0f
};
GLushort groundIndex[] = {1,2,3, 1,0,3};
//Pass ground to vertexShader
//VAO
glGenVertexArrays(1, &groundVAO);
glBindVertexArray(groundVAO);
//VBO
glGenBuffers(1, &groundVBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, groundVBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Ground), Ground, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
//EBO
glGenBuffers(1, &groundEBO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, groundEBO);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(groundIndex), groundIndex, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
//connectToVertexShader
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); //position
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 6, 0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); //color
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 6, (char*)(sizeof(float)*3));
}
void paintGL(void)
{
//TODO:
//render your objects and control the transformation here
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
//translate model
glm::mat4 modelTransformMatrix = glm::translate(glm::mat4(), vec3(+0.0f, +0.0f, -3.0f));
//perspective view
glm::mat4 projectionMatrix = glm::perspective(+40.0f, +1.0f, +1.0f, +60.0f);
//ultimate matrix
glm::mat4 ultimateMatrix;
//register location on the graphics cards
GLint ultimateMatrixUniformLocation = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "ultimateMatrix");
/*GLint modelTransformMatrixUniformLocation = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "modelTransformMatrix");
GLint projectionMatrixUniformLocation = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "projectionMatrix");*/
//drawing the ground
/*glUniformMatrix4fv(modelTransformMatrixUniformLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &modelTransformMatrix[0][0]);
glUniformMatrix4fv(projectionMatrixUniformLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &projectionMatrix[0][0]);*/
glBindVertexArray(groundVAO);
ultimateMatrix = projectionMatrix * modelTransformMatrix;
glUniformMatrix4fv(ultimateMatrixUniformLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &ultimateMatrix[0][0]);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
glFlush();
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void initializedGL(void) //run only once
{
glewInit();
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
sendDataToOpenGL();
installShaders();
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
/*Initialization*/
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
glutCreateWindow("Try");
glutInitWindowSize(700, 700);
//const GLubyte* glversion = glGetString(GL_VERSION);
/*Register different CALLBACK function for GLUT to response
with different events, e.g. window sizing, mouse click or
keyboard stroke */
initializedGL();
//glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
glutDisplayFunc(paintGL);
glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
/*Enter the GLUT event processing loop which never returns.
it will call different registered CALLBACK according
to different events. */
//printf("OpenGL ver: %s\n", glversion);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
VertexShaderCode.glsl:
#version 430 // GLSL version your computer supports
in layout(location=0) vec3 position;
in layout(location=1) vec3 vertexColor;
uniform mat4 ultimateMatrix;
out vec3 theColor;
void main()
{
vec4 v = vec4(position, 1.0);
gl_Position = ultimateMatrix * v;
theColor = vertexColor;
}
FragmentShaderCode.glsl:
#version 430 //GLSL version your computer supports
out vec4 theColor2;
in vec3 theColor;
void main()
{
theColor2 = vec4(theColor, 1.0);
}
函数：checkStatus、checkShaderStatus、checkProgramStatus、readShaderCode、installShaders应该没问题。
void keyboard()可以忽略，因为我还没有实现（只是为了键盘控制）。
我在 sendDataToOpenGL() 中实现了对象 "Ground"。但是当我编译 运行 程序时， "thread 1: exc_bad_access (code =1, address=0x0)" 出现在 VAO:
弹出窗口 window 只是一个白色屏幕，而不是绿草 (3d)。
我尝试了其他 Whosebug post 中提供的方法：使用 glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;。使用它我没有看到任何错误，但是弹出屏幕在出现后立即消失了。看来还是解决不了问题
有人可以帮我吗？谢谢！
glGenVertexArrays 自 OpenGL 版本 3.0 起可用。如果支持顶点数组对象，可以通过 glewGetExtension("GL_ARB_vertex_array_object").
Glew 可以通过 glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; 启用其他扩展。看到 GLEW documantation 上面写着：
GLEW obtains information on the supported extensions from the graphics driver. Experimental or pre-release drivers, however, might not report every available extension through the standard mechanism, in which case GLEW will report it unsupported. To circumvent this situation, the
glewExperimentalglobal switch can be turned on by setting it toGL_TRUEbefore callingglewInit(), which ensures that all extensions with valid entry points will be exposed.
将此添加到您的代码中：
glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
glewInit();