将多波段 16 位 tiff 图像转换为 8 位 tiff 图像

Question

我从 16 位（范围 0-65535）tif 图像中获取了一些像素数据作为整数数组。我使用 gdal readraster 获得了价值。如何将它们转换为 8 位（0-225）并将其（数组）转换为 8 位 tif 图像？

这是我的一些代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using OSGeo.GDAL;
using OSGeo.OSR;

namespace ConsoleApplication4
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Gdal.AllRegister();
            Dataset data1;
            int xsize, ysize;
            int bandsize;

            data1 = Gdal.Open("F:\po_1473547_bgrn_0000000.tif", Access.GA_ReadOnly);

            bandsize = data1.RasterCount;

            xsize = data1.RasterXSize; //cols
            ysize = data1.RasterYSize; //rows

            Console.WriteLine("cols : "+xsize+", rows : "+ysize);

            Band[] bands = new Band[bandsize];
            for (int i = 0; i < bandsize; i++) {
                bands[i] = data1.GetRasterBand(i+1);
            }


            int[,,] pixel = new int[bandsize,xsize,ysize]; 
            int[] pixtemp = new int[xsize * ysize];


            for (int i = 0; i < bandsize; i++)
            {
                bands[i].ReadRaster(0, 0, xsize, ysize, pixtemp, xsize, ysize, 0, 0);

                for (int j = 0; j < xsize; j++)
                {
                    for (int k = 0; k < ysize; k++)
                    {
                        pixel[i,j,k] = pixtemp[j + k * xsize];
                    }
                }
            }


            Console.WriteLine("");

            for (int i = 0; i < bandsize; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("some pixel from band " + (i+1));
                for (int j = 0; j < 100; j++)
                {
                    Console.Write(" " + pixel[i,100,j]);
                }

                Console.WriteLine("\n\n");
            }
        }
    }
}

我正在搜索 Google 如何执行此操作，但我只找到了数据类型为字节时如何执行此操作。有人请给我提示。

Answer 1

我不知道 GEO Tiff 格式，但要将常规的 16 位 tiff 图像文件转换为 8 位图像文件，您需要将 16 位通道值缩放为 8 位。下面的示例显示了如何为灰度图像实现这一点。

public static class TiffConverter
{
    private static IEnumerable<BitmapSource> Load16BitTiff(Stream source)
    {
        var decoder = new TiffBitmapDecoder(source, BitmapCreateOptions.PreservePixelFormat, BitmapCacheOption.Default);
        for (int i = 0; i < decoder.Frames.Count; i++)
            // return all frames that are present in the input.
            yield return decoder.Frames[i];
    }

    private static BitmapSource NormalizeTiffTo8BitImage(BitmapSource source)
    {
        // allocate buffer & copy image bytes.
        var rawStride = source.PixelWidth * source.Format.BitsPerPixel / 8;
        var rawImage = new byte[rawStride * source.PixelHeight];
        source.CopyPixels(rawImage, rawStride, 0);

        // get both max values of first & second byte of pixel as scaling bounds.
        var max1 = 0; 
        int max2 = 1; 
        for (int i = 0; i < rawImage.Length; i++)
        {
            if ((i & 1) == 0)
            {
                if (rawImage[i] > max1)
                    max1 = rawImage[i];
            }
            else if (rawImage[i] > max2)
                max2 = rawImage[i];
        }

        // determine normalization factors.
        var normFactor = max2 == 0 ? 0.0d : 128.0d / max2;
        var factor = max1 > 0 ? 255.0d / max1 : 0.0d;
        max2 = Math.Max(max2, 1);

        // normalize each pixel to output buffer.
        var buffer8Bit = new byte[rawImage.Length / 2];
        for (int src = 0, dst = 0; src < rawImage.Length; dst++)
        {
            int value16 = rawImage[src++];
            double value8 = ((value16 * factor) / max2) - normFactor;

            if (rawImage[src] > 0)
            {
                int b = rawImage[src] << 8;
                value8 = ((value16 + b) / max2) - normFactor;
            }
            buffer8Bit[dst] = (byte)Math.Min(255, Math.Max(value8, 0));
            src++;
        }

        // return new bitmap source.
        return BitmapSource.Create(
            source.PixelWidth, source.PixelHeight,
            source.DpiX, source.DpiY, 
            PixelFormats.Gray8, BitmapPalettes.Gray256,
            buffer8Bit, rawStride / 2);
    }

    private static void SaveTo(IEnumerable<BitmapSource> src, string fileName)
    {
        using (var stream = File.Create(fileName))
        {
            var encoder = new TiffBitmapEncoder();
            foreach (var bms in src)
                encoder.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(bms));
            encoder.Save(stream);
        }
    }

    public static void Convert(string inputFileName, string outputFileName)
    {
        using (var inputStream = File.OpenRead(inputFileName))
            SaveTo(Load16BitTiff(inputStream).Select(NormalizeTiffTo8BitImage), outputFileName);
    }
}

用法：

TiffConverter.Convert(@"c:\tempbit.tif", @"c:\tempbit.tif");

Answer 2

将像素从 16 位插值到 8 位，可以执行一些重采样方法。

Linear Interpolation 可能会有帮助。

//Convert tiff from 16-bit to 8-bit
byte[,,] ConvertBytes(int[,,] pixel, bandsize, xsize, ysize)
{
    byte[,,] trgPixel = new byte[bandsize,xsize,ysize];

    for (int i = 0; i < bandsize; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < xsize; j++)
        {
            for (int k = 0; k < ysize; k++)
            {
                //Linear Interpolation
                trgPixel[i,j,k] = (byte)((65535-pixel[i,j,k])/65536.0*256);
            }
        }
    }

    return trgPixel;
}

//Save 8-bit tiff to file
void SaveBytesToTiff(string destPath, byte[,,] pixel, bandsize, xsize, ysize)
{
    string fileformat = "GTiff";
    Driver dr = Gdal.getDriverByName(fileformat);
    Dataset newDs = dr.Create(destPath, xsize, ysize, bandsize, DateType.GDT_Byte, null);

    for(int i=0; i< bandsize;i++)
    {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[xsize * ysize];
        for (int j = 0; j < xsize; j++)
        {
            for (int k = 0; k < ysize; k++)
            {
                buffer[j+k*xsize] = pixel[i,j,k];
            }
        }
        newDs.WriteRaster(0, 0, xsize, ysize, buffer, xsize, ysize, i+1, null, 0, 0, 0);
        newDs.FlushCache();      
    }

    newDs.Dispose();            
}