在 Android 的 ant 中启用 `--multi-dex` 选项

Enable `--multi-dex` option in ant for Android

为 gradle 构建系统启用 multi-dex 选项很容易,但我还没有找到如何为 ant 构建启用此选项的示例。如何存档?

我们有 2 个选择:

  1. 更改 DexExecTask [为多 dex 引入新参数],编译 ant.jar,使用此 jar 进行构建。我不喜欢这个选项,因为我们必须为所有团队成员提供更新 ant.jar。
  2. 修改项目build.xml 文件。我找到了很棒的 ant 构建文件,其中包含支持 multi-dex 的所有修改:https://github.com/ruboto/ruboto-irb/blob/master/build.xml

希望对您有所帮助。

我在基于Ruboto's build.xml (kudos to them!). So that's the path I would recommend to take. In that case you don't have to create custom ant jars, just edit your build.xml and apply all non-gradle steps from https://developer.android.com/tools/building/multidex.html

的使用ant的应用中引入了multi-dex支持

至于build.xml你得看看所有路径是否相互配合良好,你可能已经改变了其中的一些并且需要调整蚂蚁步骤。

在我的例子中,我还必须生成 类 的列表,这些列表必须放在第一个生成的 dex(默认)中,这样应用程序甚至可以在应用程序的 onCreate 中加载额外的 dexes 时启动。为此,您需要 运行 编写 mainDexClasses 脚本,您可以在构建工具中找到它:

mainDexClasses [--output <output file>] <application path>

Alex Lipov 写得很好 post 关于它。

当你生成 类 的列表时,你必须通过添加

在 dx 的参数中指向这个列表
<arg value="--main-dex-list="class_list_path" />

执行dx的地方。

值得记住的是,Ruboto 的脚本假定只会创建一个额外的 dex,但情况并非总是如此。我生成了两个额外的 dexe,所以我实现了添加(如果存在):

            <if>
                <condition>
                    <available file="${third_dex_path}"/>
                </condition>
                <then>
                    <exec executable="${aapt}" dir="${out.absolute.dir}" failonerror="true">
                        <arg line='add -v "${out.absolute.dir}/${resource.package.file.name}" ${third_dex}'/>
                    </exec> 
                </then>
            </if>

Ant 中的 multidex 支持已启用!它不像 gradle 那样容易,但它是可能的。

更新:我的build.xml(除了与答案无关的部分):

<!-- Packages the application. Overriden in order to add  "-post-package-resources"" dependency-->
    <target name="-package" depends="-dex, -package-resources, -post-package-resources">
        <!-- only package apk if *not* a library project -->
        <do-only-if-not-library elseText="Library project: do not package apk..." >
            <if condition="${build.is.instrumented}">
                <then>
                    <package-helper>
                        <extra-jars>
                            <!-- Injected from external file -->
                            <jarfile path="${emma.dir}/emma_device.jar" />
                        </extra-jars>
                    </package-helper>
                </then>
                <else>
                    <package-helper />
                </else>
            </if>
        </do-only-if-not-library>
    </target>

    <target name="-post-package-resources">
        <property name="second_dex" value="classes2.dex" />
        <property name="third_dex" value="classes3.dex" />
        <property name="second_dex_path" value="${out.absolute.dir}/${second_dex}" />
        <if>
            <condition>
              <and>
                <available file="${second_dex_path}" />
                <or>
                  <not>
                    <uptodate srcfile="${second_dex_path}" targetfile="${out.absolute.dir}/${resource.package.file.name}" />
                  </not>
                  <uptodate srcfile="${out.absolute.dir}/${resource.package.file.name}" targetfile="${out.absolute.dir}/${resource.package.file.name}.d" />
                </or>
              </and>
            </condition>
            <then>
                <echo>Adding classes2.dex to ${resource.package.file.name}</echo>
                <exec executable="${aapt}" dir="${out.absolute.dir}" failonerror="true">
                    <arg line='add -v "${out.absolute.dir}/${resource.package.file.name}" ${second_dex}'/>
                </exec>
                <if>
                    <condition>
                        <available file="${out.absolute.dir}/classes3.dex"/>
                    </condition>
                    <then>
                        <echo>Adding classes3.dex to ${resource.package.file.name}</echo>
                        <exec executable="${aapt}" dir="${out.absolute.dir}" failonerror="true">
                            <arg line='add -v "${out.absolute.dir}/${resource.package.file.name}" ${third_dex}'/>
                        </exec> 
                    </then>
                </if>
            </then>
        </if>
    </target> 

<!-- builds dex in regular way and if it fails, switches to multidex-->
    <macrodef name="dex-helper">
        <element name="external-libs" optional="yes" />
        <attribute name="nolocals" default="false" />
        <sequential>
            <condition property="verbose.option" value="--verbose" else="">
                <istrue value="${verbose}" />
            </condition>
            <condition property="jumbo.option" value="--force-jumbo" else="">
                <istrue value="${dex.force.jumbo}" />
            </condition>

            <!-- Regular DEX process.  We would prefer to use the Android SDK
                 ANT target, but we need to detect the "use multidex" error.
                 https://android.googlesource.com/platform/sdk/+/tools_r21.1/anttasks/src/com/android/ant/DexExecTask.java
            -->
            <mapper id="pre-dex-mapper" type="glob" from="libs/*.jar" to="bin/dexedLibs/*-dexed.jar"/>

            <apply executable="${dx}" failonerror="true" parallel="false" dest="${out.dexed.absolute.dir}" relative="true">
                        <arg value="--dex" />
                        <arg value="--output" />
                        <targetfile/>
                        <arg line="${jumbo.option}" />
                        <arg line="${verbose.option}" />
                        <fileset dir="." includes="libs/*" />
                        <external-libs />
                        <mapper refid="pre-dex-mapper"/>
            </apply>

            <apply executable="${dx}" resultproperty="dex.merge.result" outputproperty="dex.merge.output" parallel="true">
                <arg value="--dex" />
                <arg value="--output=${intermediate.dex.file}" />
                <arg line="${jumbo.option}" />
                <arg line="${verbose.option}" />
                <path path="${out.dex.input.absolute.dir}"/>
                <path refid="out.dex.jar.input.ref" />
                <external-libs />
            </apply>

            <if>
                <condition>
                    <or>
                        <contains string="${dex.merge.output}" substring="Too many field references"/>
                        <contains string="${dex.merge.output}" substring="Too many method references"/>
                    </or>
                </condition>
                <then>
                    <echo message="Number of field or method references is too big.  Switching to multi-dex build." />
                    <multi-dex-helper>
                        <external-libs>
                        <external-libs/>
                        </external-libs>
                    </multi-dex-helper>
                </then>
                <else>
                    <echo message="${dex.merge.output}"/>
                    <fail status="${dex.merge.result}">
                        <condition>
                            <not>
                                <equals arg1="${dex.merge.result}" arg2="0"/>
                            </not>
                        </condition>
                    </fail>
                </else>
            </if>

      </sequential>
    </macrodef>

    <macrodef name="multi-dex-helper">
        <element name="external-libs" optional="yes" />
        <sequential>
            <property name="mainDexClasses" location="${android.build.tools.dir}/mainDexClasses" />

            <exec executable="${mainDexClasses}" failonerror="true" >
                <arg line="--output ${out.absolute.dir}/classes_to_kepp_in_main_dex"/>
                <arg file="${out.absolute.dir}/proguard/obfuscated.jar"/>
            </exec>
            <echo>Converting compiled files and external libraries into ${out.absolute.dir} (multi-dex)</echo>
            <echo>Dexing ${out.classes.absolute.dir} and ${toString:out.dex.jar.input.ref}</echo>
            <apply executable="${dx}" failonerror="true" parallel="true">
                <arg value="--dex" />
                <arg value="--multi-dex" />
                <arg value="--main-dex-list=${out.absolute.dir}/classes_to_kepp_in_main_dex" />
                <arg value="--output=${out.absolute.dir}" />

                <arg line="${jumbo.option}" />
                <arg line="${verbose.option}" />
                <arg path="${out.absolute.dir}/proguard/obfuscated.jar" />
                <path refid="out.dex.jar.input.ref" />
                <external-libs />
            </apply>
        </sequential>
    </macrodef>

我还在 ANT 构建中添加了 multidex,但方式略有不同,在 classes*.dex 支持中更加灵活。

无论如何,我分两个阶段完成此操作:1) 让 DX 输出 multidex,然后 2) 使用 aapt 包含 multidex classes。在这篇文章的末尾有一个生成主要 classes 列表的可选步骤,但对于基本实现来说不是必需的。

这是 build.xml 中的实现,后面有注释:

... your build script ...
<!-- version-tag: custom -->
<!-- (1) Override -package target to add additional JAR to the apk -->
<property name="multidex-secondary-classes.jar" value="classes-secondary.jar" />
<target name="-package" depends="-dex, -package-resources, -create-multidex-secondary-classes-jar">
    <!-- Copied from SDK/tools/ant/build.xml -->
    <!-- only package apk if *not* a library project -->
    <do-only-if-not-library elseText="Library project: do not package apk..." >
        <if condition="${build.is.instrumented}">
            <then>
                <package-helper>
                    <extra-jars>
                        <!-- Injected from external file -->
                        <jarfile path="${emma.dir}/emma_device.jar" />
                    </extra-jars>
                </package-helper>
            </then>
            <else>
                <!-- We can finesse apkbuilder by putting secondary classes file(s) in a jar file -->
                <if condition="${build.is.multidex}">
                    <then>
                        <package-helper>
                            <extra-jars>
                                <jarfile path="${out.dir}/${multidex-secondary-classes.jar}" />
                            </extra-jars>
                        </package-helper>
                    </then>
                    <else>
                        <package-helper>
                            <extra-jars />
                        </package-helper>
                    </else>
                 </if>
            </else>
        </if>
    </do-only-if-not-library>
</target>

<!-- (2) Create a JAR file of the secondary classes*.dex files -->
<target name="-create-multidex-secondary-classes-jar" if="${build.is.multidex}">
    <jar destfile="${out.dir}/${multidex-secondary-classes.jar}"
         basedir="${out.dir}"
         includes="classes*.dex"
         excludes="classes.dex"
         filesonly="true"
         />
</target>

<!-- Standard import of Android build.xml -->
<import file="${sdk.dir}/tools/ant/build.xml" />

<!-- (3) Replacement of "dex-helper" to support multidex -->
<macrodef name="dex-helper">
    <element name="external-libs" optional="yes" />
    <attribute name="nolocals" default="false" />
    <sequential>
        <!-- sets the primary input for dex. If a pre-dex task sets it to
             something else this has no effect -->
        <property name="out.dex.input.absolute.dir" value="${out.classes.absolute.dir}" />

        <!-- set the secondary dx input: the project (and library) jar files
             If a pre-dex task sets it to something else this has no effect -->
        <if>
            <condition>
                <isreference refid="out.dex.jar.input.ref" />
            </condition>
            <else>
                <path id="out.dex.jar.input.ref">
                    <path refid="project.all.jars.path" />
                </path>
            </else>
        </if>

        <if condition="${build.is.multidex}" >
            <then>
                <if condition="${dex.force.jumbo}" >
                    <else>
                        <fail message="The following assumes dex.force.jumbo is true" />
                    </else>
                </if>
                <apply executable="${dx}" failonerror="true" parallel="true">
                    <arg value="--dex" />
                    <arg value="--force-jumbo" />

                    <!-- Specify a multi-dex APK -->
                    <arg value="--multi-dex" />

                    <!-- For multidex output to a folder -->
                    <arg value="--output" />
                    <arg value="${out.dir}" />

                    <path path="${out.dex.input.absolute.dir}" />
                </apply>
            </then>
            <else>
                <!-- The value from SDK/tools/ant/build.xml -->
                <dex executable="${dx}"
                        output="${intermediate.dex.file}"
                        dexedlibs="${out.dexed.absolute.dir}"
                        nolocals="@{nolocals}"
                        forceJumbo="${dex.force.jumbo}"
                        disableDexMerger="${dex.disable.merger}"
                        verbose="${verbose}">
                    <path path="${out.dex.input.absolute.dir}"/>
                    <path refid="out.dex.jar.input.ref" />
                    <external-libs />
                </dex>
            </else>
        </if>
    </sequential>
</macrodef>

修改 (1) 替换了 -package 目标以允许将额外的 jar 传递给 ApkBuilder。事实证明,ApkBuilder 只是将 JAR 文件的内容复制到 APK 中,因此如果我们将 classes[1-N].dex 放入 JAR 中,我们可以让 ApkBuilder 将这些额外的 jar 打包到 APK 中。

(2) 使用除 classes.dex 之外的所有 classes*.dex 构建额外的 JAR 文件,因此支持任意数量的额外 classes.dex 文件

(3) 是解决 "dex" AntTask 不支持将 --multi-dex 传递给知道如何使用它的 "dx.bat" 的任何方式这一事实的变通方法。我查看了 dx.bat 调用的内容并直接在此处添加(修改:michaelbrz 在他的脚本中有更好的实现,所以我借用了它。谢谢)

顺便说一句,我们总是 运行 Proguard(混淆或未混淆)以获得 class 和方法收缩。这对于生成 "main class" 列表很方便。在我们的例子中,我们添加了 Google Play Services,这打破了我们的 DEX 文件方法限制,因此决定将这些 classes 和方法放在二级 dex 中。从 Proguard 输出生成 class 列表是一个简单的过滤问题 dump.txt:

<property name="multidex-main-dex-list.file"
          value="bin/multidex-main-dex-list.txt" />

<target name="-create-multidex-main-list" if="${build.is.multidex}">
    <delete file="${multidex-main-dex-list.file}" />
    <copy file="${out.dir}/proguard/dump.txt"
          tofile="${multidex-main-dex-list.file}" >
        <filterchain>

            <!-- Convert classes to the right format -->
            <tokenfilter>
                <containsregex
                    pattern="^..Program class..(.*)"
                    replace=".class"/>
            </tokenfilter>

            <!-- Exclude Google Play Services -->
            <linecontains negate="true">
                <contains value="com/google/android/gms/"/>
            </linecontains>

        </filterchain>
    </copy>
</target>