循环浏览 tkinter 中的按钮

Question

我编写了以下代码来创建 4 个按钮，单击一个按钮后，该按钮的背景颜色发生变化，当我单击另一个按钮时，该按钮的颜色现在发生变化，而旧按钮的颜色也发生变化一个正在改回默认颜色。它工作得很好，但编码效率不高。我在想一个循环，它通过我所有的按钮来设置所有不活动的按钮为默认颜色。我怎样才能做到这一点？

from tkinter import *


def update_Button(number):
  if number == 1:
    Button_1["background"] = Button_1["activebackground"] = "lightblue"
    Button_2.configure(background="SystemButtonFace")
    Button_3.configure(background="SystemButtonFace")
    Button_4.configure(background="SystemButtonFace")
  elif number == 2:
    Button_2["background"] = Button_2["activebackground"] = "lightblue"
    Button_1.configure(background="SystemButtonFace")
    Button_3.configure(background="SystemButtonFace")
  elif number == 3:
    Button_3["background"] = Button_3["activebackground"] = "lightblue"
    Button_2.configure(background="SystemButtonFace")
    Button_1.configure(background="SystemButtonFace")
    Button_4.configure(background="SystemButtonFace")
  elif number == 4:
    Button_4["background"] = Button_4["activebackground"] = "lightblue"
    Button_2.configure(background="SystemButtonFace")
    Button_3.configure(background="SystemButtonFace")
    Button_1.configure(background="SystemButtonFace")

  pass


root = Tk()

Button_font = ("Calibri", 20, "bold")
Button_Size = [70, 70]  # width, height
pady = 5
padx = 5

Button_1 = Button(root, text="1", font=Button_font, command=lambda:  update_Button(1))
Button_1.grid(sticky="wens", pady=pady, padx=padx)

Button_2 = Button(root, text="2", font=Button_font, command=lambda: update_Button(2))
Button_2.grid(sticky="wens", pady=pady, padx=padx)

Button_3 = Button(root, text="3", font=Button_font, command=lambda: update_Button(3))
Button_3.grid(sticky="wens", pady=pady, padx=padx)

Button_4 = Button(root, text="4", font=Button_font, command=lambda: update_Button(4))
Button_4.grid(sticky="wens", pady=pady, padx=padx)

root.mainloop()

就像@Mitiku 建议的那样，使用列表的解决方案是：

def update_Button(number):
  number = number-1
  buttons = [Button_1, Button_2, Button_3, Button_4]
  buttons[number]["background"] = buttons[number]["activebackground"] = "lightblue"
  for button in buttons:
    if button == buttons[number]:
        pass
    else:
        button.configure(background="SystemButtonFace")
  pass

Answer 1

你可以使用列表。

    def update_Button(number):
        buttons = [Button_1,Button_2,Button_3,Button_4]
        for button in buttons:
            button.configure(background="SystemButtonFace")
        buttons[number-1]["activebackground"] = "lightblue"

Answer 2

下面实现你所需要的：

from tkinter import *

class App:
    def __init__(self, root):
        self.root = root
        self.number = 4 #change me to get more buttons
        self.buttons = []
        for i in range(self.number):
            self.buttons.append(Button(self.root, text="Change!", bg="white", command=lambda c=i: self.command(c)))
            self.buttons[i].pack()
    def command(self, var):
        for i in range(self.number):
            self.buttons[i].configure({"bg": "white", "activebackground": "white"})
        self.buttons[var].configure({"bg": "lightblue", "activebackground": "lightblue"})

root = Tk()
App(root)
root.mainloop()

我们在这里使用的主要有趣机制是 lambda。

我们声明了command=lambda c=i: self.command(c)，让我们在声明时用i的值调用command回调。这意味着当我们调用命令时，我们传递 Button 小部件在 list.

中的位置的整数值

附带说明一下，使用 Radiobuttons 可以更轻松地完成此操作。见下文：

from tkinter import *

class App:
    def __init__(self, root):
        self.root = root
        self.v = IntVar()
        self.number = 4 #change me to get more buttons
        self.buttons = []
        for i in range(self.number):
            self.buttons.append(Radiobutton(self.root, text="Change!", bg="white", activebackground="lightblue", selectcolor="lightblue", variable=self.v, indicatoron=0, value=i))
            self.buttons[i].pack()

root = Tk()
App(root)
root.mainloop()

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