如何找出非托管 dll 的正确参数结构?
How do I figure out the correct argument structure for an unmanaged dll?
我从 VBA 中加载了一些旧的 VB 函数,并且大部分都更新为 VB.NET,但是 "wininet.dll" 中的函数有函数声明这似乎没有正确匹配。
我得到的错误是:
Exception Thrown: Managed Debugging Assistant, 'PInvokeStackImbalance':...
总而言之,声明参数的长度需要明确,并且与 dll 中的实际函数不匹配。
我查了一下,我可以通过删除支票来获得,但它会有一个 "stack imbalance" 并最终在进行这些调用时耗尽所有堆栈。此外,这些被称为 "unmanaged" dll,一些声明已在 http://pinvoke.net 的 PInvoke 函数 wiki 上发布。这个 wiki 确实有一些我正在使用的函数调用,但不是全部。其中一些我不得不猜测一些事情,但没有成功。
我从旧代码复制的大部分更改是从 long
更改为 int32
或 integer
,还有一些更改为 IntPtr
,其中从未在旧代码中使用过。我假设这使所有整数大小都正确(即 16/32/64 位),这可能是大多数问题所在。不过,有一个案例是从 long
到 string()
的更改,这看起来有点奇怪并且没有编译好。
那么,我如何实际查找 dll 中的函数长度并匹配 API?
我查了一些东西,但是当我尝试将对 c:\windows\system32\wininet.dll 的引用添加到我在 Visual Studio 中的 VB.NET 项目时,它说我可以'不要添加它。这似乎使我无法在 Visual Studio 中使用对象或程序集浏览器。它似乎不是 COM 对象。有什么帮助吗?
作为参考,这里是失败的旧代码:
Private Declare Function InternetOpen Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "InternetOpenA" ( _
ByVal Agent As String, ByVal AccessType As Long, ByVal ProxyName As String, _
ByVal ProxyBypass As String, ByVal Flags As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function InternetConnect Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "InternetConnectA" ( _
ByVal hInternetSession As Long, ByVal ServerName As String, ByVal ServerPort As Integer, ByVal UserName As String, _
ByVal Password As String, ByVal Service As Long, ByVal Flags As Long, ByVal Context As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function InternetCloseHandle Lib "wininet.dll" ( _
ByVal hInet As Long) As Boolean
Private Declare Function InternetReadFile Lib "wininet.dll" ( _
ByVal hConnect As Long, ByVal Buffer As String, ByVal NumberOfBytesToRead As Long, _
NumberOfBytesRead As Long) As Boolean
Private Declare Function HttpOpenRequest Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "HttpOpenRequestA" ( _
ByVal hHttpSession As Long, ByVal Verb As String, ByVal ObjectName As String, ByVal Version As String, _
ByVal Referer As String, ByVal AcceptTypes As Long, ByVal Flags As Long, Context As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function HttpSendRequest Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "HttpSendRequestA" ( _
ByVal hHttpRequest As Long, ByVal Headers As String, ByVal HeadersLength As Long, _
ByVal sOptional As String, ByVal OptionalLength As Long) As Boolean
与 一样,您应该改用托管替代方案。
但是要回答您的实际问题:您基本上只需要查看 MSDN 文档文章 Windows Data Types,并根据类型的声明确定相应的 .NET 类型。
例如,DWORD
:
DWORD
A 32-bit unsigned integer. The range is 0 through 4294967295 decimal.
This type is declared in IntSafe.h as follows:
typedef unsigned long DWORD;
在这种情况下,我们可以通过范围 (0 - 4294967295) 或定义 (unsigned long
) 来确定这应该是一个无符号的 32 位整数 (UInt32
或 UInteger
)。在 C/C++ 中,long
与 int
相同,这就是为什么它映射到整数而不是 Long/ULong
。
以下是最常见类型的摘要:
(非常感谢 David Heffernan 帮助我更正了一些字符串声明!)
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Windows Type | .NET equivalent |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| BOOL | <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)> Boolean (vb.net) |
| BOOL | [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] bool (c#) |
| BYTE | Byte / Byte (vb.net) / byte (c#) |
| CHAR | Char / Char (vb.net) / char (c#) |
| DWORD | UInt32 / UInteger (vb.net) / uint (c#) |
| DWORDLONG | UInt64 / ULong (vb.net) / ulong (c#) |
| DWORD_PTR | UIntPtr |
| FLOAT | Single / Single (vb.net) / float (c#) |
| | |
| HANDLE | IntPtr |
| HBITMAP | IntPtr |
| HCURSOR | IntPtr |
| HDESK | IntPtr |
| HDC | IntPtr |
| HICON | IntPtr |
| HINSTANCE | IntPtr |
| HRESULT | Int32 / Integer (vb.net) / int (c#) |
| HWND | IntPtr |
| | |
| INT | Int32 / Integer (vb.net) / int (c#) |
| INT_PTR | IntPtr |
| INT8 | SByte |
| INT16 | Int16 / Short (vb.net) / short (c#) |
| INT32 | Int32 / Integer (vb.net) / int (c#) |
| INT64 | Int64 / Long (vb.net) / long (c#) |
| LONG | Int32 / Integer (vb.net) / int (c#) |
| LONGLONG | Int64 / Long (vb.net) / long (c#) |
| LONG_PTR | IntPtr |
| LPARAM | IntPtr |
| | |
| LPCSTR | String (Specify CharSet.Ansi in DllImport) |
| LPCTSTR | String |
| LPCWSTR | String (Specify CharSet.Unicode in DllImport) |
| LPDWORD | (= DWORD, declared as ByRef (vb.net) / ref (c#)) |
| LPHANDLE | (= HANDLE, declared as ByRef (vb.net) / ref (c#)) |
| LPINT | IntPtr |
| LPLONG | IntPtr |
| | |
| LPSTR | StringBuilder (Specify CharSet.Ansi in DllImport) |
| LPTSTR | StringBuilder |
| LPVOID | IntPtr |
| LPWORD | (= WORD, declared as ByRef (vb.net) / ref (c#)) |
| LPWSTR | StringBuilder (Specify CharSet.Unicode in DllImport) |
| | |
| QWORD | UInt64 / ULong (vb.net) / ulong (c#) |
| SHORT | Int16 / Short (vb.net) / short (c#) |
| SIZE_T | UIntPtr |
| UCHAR | Byte / Byte (vb.net) / byte (c#) |
| UINT | UInt32 / UInteger (vb.net) / uint (c#) |
| UINT_PTR | IntPtr |
| UINT8 | Byte / Byte (vb.net) / byte (c#) |
| UINT16 | UInt16 / UShort (vb.net) / ushort (c#) |
| UINT32 | UInt32 / UInteger (vb.net) / uint (c#) |
| UINT64 | UInt64 / ULong (vb.net) / ulong (c#) |
| ULONG | UInt32 / UInteger (vb.net) / uint (c#) |
| ULONGLONG | UInt64 / ULong (vb.net) / ulong (c#) |
| ULONG_PTR | UIntPtr |
| USHORT | UInt16 / UShort (vb.net) / ushort (c#) |
| WORD | UInt16 / UShort (vb.net) / ushort (c#) |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
我从 VBA 中加载了一些旧的 VB 函数,并且大部分都更新为 VB.NET,但是 "wininet.dll" 中的函数有函数声明这似乎没有正确匹配。
我得到的错误是:
Exception Thrown: Managed Debugging Assistant, 'PInvokeStackImbalance':...
总而言之,声明参数的长度需要明确,并且与 dll 中的实际函数不匹配。
我查了一下,我可以通过删除支票来获得,但它会有一个 "stack imbalance" 并最终在进行这些调用时耗尽所有堆栈。此外,这些被称为 "unmanaged" dll,一些声明已在 http://pinvoke.net 的 PInvoke 函数 wiki 上发布。这个 wiki 确实有一些我正在使用的函数调用,但不是全部。其中一些我不得不猜测一些事情,但没有成功。
我从旧代码复制的大部分更改是从 long
更改为 int32
或 integer
,还有一些更改为 IntPtr
,其中从未在旧代码中使用过。我假设这使所有整数大小都正确(即 16/32/64 位),这可能是大多数问题所在。不过,有一个案例是从 long
到 string()
的更改,这看起来有点奇怪并且没有编译好。
那么,我如何实际查找 dll 中的函数长度并匹配 API?
我查了一些东西,但是当我尝试将对 c:\windows\system32\wininet.dll 的引用添加到我在 Visual Studio 中的 VB.NET 项目时,它说我可以'不要添加它。这似乎使我无法在 Visual Studio 中使用对象或程序集浏览器。它似乎不是 COM 对象。有什么帮助吗?
作为参考,这里是失败的旧代码:
Private Declare Function InternetOpen Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "InternetOpenA" ( _
ByVal Agent As String, ByVal AccessType As Long, ByVal ProxyName As String, _
ByVal ProxyBypass As String, ByVal Flags As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function InternetConnect Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "InternetConnectA" ( _
ByVal hInternetSession As Long, ByVal ServerName As String, ByVal ServerPort As Integer, ByVal UserName As String, _
ByVal Password As String, ByVal Service As Long, ByVal Flags As Long, ByVal Context As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function InternetCloseHandle Lib "wininet.dll" ( _
ByVal hInet As Long) As Boolean
Private Declare Function InternetReadFile Lib "wininet.dll" ( _
ByVal hConnect As Long, ByVal Buffer As String, ByVal NumberOfBytesToRead As Long, _
NumberOfBytesRead As Long) As Boolean
Private Declare Function HttpOpenRequest Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "HttpOpenRequestA" ( _
ByVal hHttpSession As Long, ByVal Verb As String, ByVal ObjectName As String, ByVal Version As String, _
ByVal Referer As String, ByVal AcceptTypes As Long, ByVal Flags As Long, Context As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function HttpSendRequest Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "HttpSendRequestA" ( _
ByVal hHttpRequest As Long, ByVal Headers As String, ByVal HeadersLength As Long, _
ByVal sOptional As String, ByVal OptionalLength As Long) As Boolean
与
但是要回答您的实际问题:您基本上只需要查看 MSDN 文档文章 Windows Data Types,并根据类型的声明确定相应的 .NET 类型。
例如,DWORD
:
DWORD
A 32-bit unsigned integer. The range is 0 through 4294967295 decimal.This type is declared in IntSafe.h as follows:
typedef unsigned long DWORD;
在这种情况下,我们可以通过范围 (0 - 4294967295) 或定义 (unsigned long
) 来确定这应该是一个无符号的 32 位整数 (UInt32
或 UInteger
)。在 C/C++ 中,long
与 int
相同,这就是为什么它映射到整数而不是 Long/ULong
。
以下是最常见类型的摘要:
(非常感谢 David Heffernan 帮助我更正了一些字符串声明!)
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Windows Type | .NET equivalent |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| BOOL | <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)> Boolean (vb.net) |
| BOOL | [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] bool (c#) |
| BYTE | Byte / Byte (vb.net) / byte (c#) |
| CHAR | Char / Char (vb.net) / char (c#) |
| DWORD | UInt32 / UInteger (vb.net) / uint (c#) |
| DWORDLONG | UInt64 / ULong (vb.net) / ulong (c#) |
| DWORD_PTR | UIntPtr |
| FLOAT | Single / Single (vb.net) / float (c#) |
| | |
| HANDLE | IntPtr |
| HBITMAP | IntPtr |
| HCURSOR | IntPtr |
| HDESK | IntPtr |
| HDC | IntPtr |
| HICON | IntPtr |
| HINSTANCE | IntPtr |
| HRESULT | Int32 / Integer (vb.net) / int (c#) |
| HWND | IntPtr |
| | |
| INT | Int32 / Integer (vb.net) / int (c#) |
| INT_PTR | IntPtr |
| INT8 | SByte |
| INT16 | Int16 / Short (vb.net) / short (c#) |
| INT32 | Int32 / Integer (vb.net) / int (c#) |
| INT64 | Int64 / Long (vb.net) / long (c#) |
| LONG | Int32 / Integer (vb.net) / int (c#) |
| LONGLONG | Int64 / Long (vb.net) / long (c#) |
| LONG_PTR | IntPtr |
| LPARAM | IntPtr |
| | |
| LPCSTR | String (Specify CharSet.Ansi in DllImport) |
| LPCTSTR | String |
| LPCWSTR | String (Specify CharSet.Unicode in DllImport) |
| LPDWORD | (= DWORD, declared as ByRef (vb.net) / ref (c#)) |
| LPHANDLE | (= HANDLE, declared as ByRef (vb.net) / ref (c#)) |
| LPINT | IntPtr |
| LPLONG | IntPtr |
| | |
| LPSTR | StringBuilder (Specify CharSet.Ansi in DllImport) |
| LPTSTR | StringBuilder |
| LPVOID | IntPtr |
| LPWORD | (= WORD, declared as ByRef (vb.net) / ref (c#)) |
| LPWSTR | StringBuilder (Specify CharSet.Unicode in DllImport) |
| | |
| QWORD | UInt64 / ULong (vb.net) / ulong (c#) |
| SHORT | Int16 / Short (vb.net) / short (c#) |
| SIZE_T | UIntPtr |
| UCHAR | Byte / Byte (vb.net) / byte (c#) |
| UINT | UInt32 / UInteger (vb.net) / uint (c#) |
| UINT_PTR | IntPtr |
| UINT8 | Byte / Byte (vb.net) / byte (c#) |
| UINT16 | UInt16 / UShort (vb.net) / ushort (c#) |
| UINT32 | UInt32 / UInteger (vb.net) / uint (c#) |
| UINT64 | UInt64 / ULong (vb.net) / ulong (c#) |
| ULONG | UInt32 / UInteger (vb.net) / uint (c#) |
| ULONGLONG | UInt64 / ULong (vb.net) / ulong (c#) |
| ULONG_PTR | UIntPtr |
| USHORT | UInt16 / UShort (vb.net) / ushort (c#) |
| WORD | UInt16 / UShort (vb.net) / ushort (c#) |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+