如何使用 web3.js 1.0 验证和发送合约方法

How to authenticate and send contract method using web3.js 1.0

我对如何使用 web3 1.0 库执行合约的方法感到困惑。

此代码有效(只要我先手动解锁帐户):

var contract = new web3.eth.Contract(contractJson, contractAddress);
contract.methods
  .transfer("0x0e0479bC23a96F6d701D003c5F004Bb0f28e773C", 1000)
  .send({
    from: "0x2EBd0A4729129b45b23aAd4656b98026cf67650A"
  })
  .on('confirmation', (confirmationNumber, receipt) => {
    io.emit('confirmation', confirmationNumber);
  });

我收到此错误(如果我不先手动解锁):

Returned error: authentication needed: password or unlock

以上代码是 node.js 中的一个 API 端点,所以我希望它以编程方式解锁或验证。

web3.js1.0 中没有解锁账号的方法。

我也不认为这是必要的(至少我对此感到困惑)。因为我是管理账户的,所以我知道私钥是什么。

我在想交易需要用私钥签名??这个对吗?这实际上与 "unlocking the account" 相同吗?

我试过这样做:

var contract = new web3.eth.Contract(contractJson, contractAddress);

var tx = {
  from: "...{fromAddress -- address that has the private key below}",
  to: "...",
  value: ...
};

var signed = web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction(tx, 
  "...{privateKey}");

console.log(signed);

var promise = web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(signed);

我收到此错误:

Returned error: The method net_version does not exist/is not available

验证和提交交易的最简单方法是什么?

理想情况下,我想在我的代码示例中使用第一种方法,因为它是最干净的。

此代码允许我使用我创建的帐户中的私钥(使用 web3.eth.accounts.create())在服务器端(node.js)签署交易,并将签署的交易发送到网络无需解锁帐户。

我正在使用 Geth 1.7.1

  var contract = new web3.eth.Contract(contractJson, contractAddress);
  var transfer = contract.methods.transfer("0x...", 490);
  var encodedABI = transfer.encodeABI();

  var tx = {
    from: "0x...",
    to: contractAddress,
    gas: 2000000,
    data: encodedABI
  }; 

  web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction(tx, privateKey).then(signed => {
    var tran = web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(signed.rawTransaction);

    tran.on('confirmation', (confirmationNumber, receipt) => {
      console.log('confirmation: ' + confirmationNumber);
    });

    tran.on('transactionHash', hash => {
      console.log('hash');
      console.log(hash);
    });

    tran.on('receipt', receipt => {
      console.log('reciept');
      console.log(receipt);
    });

    tran.on('error', console.error);
  });

这是一个完整的示例,说明如何在没有本地钱包帐户的情况下签署交易。如果您使用 infura 进行交易,则特别有用。这是为

编写的
'use strict';
const Web3 = require('web3');

const wsAddress = 'wss://rinkeby.infura.io/ws';
const contractJson = '(taken from solc or remix online compiler)';
const privateKey = '0xOOOX';
const contractAddress = '0xOOOX';
const walletAddress = '0xOOOX';

const webSocketProvider = new Web3.providers.WebsocketProvider(wsAddress);
const web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.WebsocketProvider(webSocketProvider));
const contract = new web3.eth.Contract(
  JSON.parse(contractJson),
  contractAddress
);
// change this to whatever contract method you are trying to call, E.G. SimpleStore("Hello World")
const query = contract.methods.SimpleStore('Hello World');
const encodedABI = query.encodeABI();
const tx = {
  from: walletAddress,
  to: contractAddress,
  gas: 2000000,
  data: encodedABI,
};

const account = web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount(privateKey);
console.log(account);
web3.eth.getBalance(walletAddress).then(console.log);

web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction(tx, privateKey).then(signed => {
  const tran = web3.eth
    .sendSignedTransaction(signed.rawTransaction)
    .on('confirmation', (confirmationNumber, receipt) => {
      console.log('=> confirmation: ' + confirmationNumber);
    })
    .on('transactionHash', hash => {
      console.log('=> hash');
      console.log(hash);
    })
    .on('receipt', receipt => {
      console.log('=> reciept');
      console.log(receipt);
    })
    .on('error', console.error);
});

正在使用

"web3": "1.0.0-beta.30"

一种无需显式签署交易即可调用合约方法的方法是 (web3js 1.0.0):

const privateKey = 'e0f3440344e4814d0dea8a65c1b9c488bab4295571c72fb879f5c29c8c861937';
const account = web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount('0x' + privateKey);
web3.eth.accounts.wallet.add(account);
web3.eth.defaultAccount = account.address;

// ...
contract = new web3.eth.Contract(JSON_INTERFACE, address);
contract.methods.myMethod(myParam1, myParam2)
        .send({
            from: this.web3.eth.defaultAccount,
            gas: myConfig.gas,
            gasPrice: myConfig.gasPrice
        })

这是我使用 "@truffle/hdwallet-provider": "^2.0.3", "web3": "^1.6.1",

的实现

function getWeb3Provider() {
  return new HDWalletProvider({
    privateKeys: [NFT_MINTER_ACCOUNT_PRIVATE_KEY],
    providerOrUrl: BSC_RPC_ENDPOINT,
  });
}

const web3 = new Web3(BSC_RPC_ENDPOINT);
const contract = new web3.eth.Contract(
      jsonContractABI as unknown as AbiItem[],
      NFT_CONTRACT_ADDRESS
    );
contract.setProvider(getWeb3Provider());

然后在 send 方法中

contract.methods.safeMint(receiverAddress, itemUri).send({
      from: NFT_MINTER_ACCOUNT,
    });

call 方法中

contract.methods.balanceOf(address).call();