使用 Selenium 获取子项的 XPath - Java

Question

我在第三步尝试单击菜单中的子项时遇到问题..

我登录了
进入项目
只删除创建的卡片我认为问题在于获得正确的 xpath 第
页
打包页面对象；
导入 org.openqa.selenium.By；导入 org.openqa.selenium.Keys；导入 org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver；导入 org.openqa.selenium.WebElement；导入 org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
public class 页 { 受保护的最终 WebDriver webDriver；
```
public Page( final WebDriver driver ) {
    this.webDriver =driver;
}

protected WebElement element(By by ) {
    return webDriver.findElement( by );
}

public void pressEnter(){
    Actions builder = new Actions(webDriver);
    builder.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN).perform();
}
```
}

页面对象：卡片页面

package Helpers;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
public class public class CardPage extends PageObject.Page{

    By close = By.xpath("//*[@id='ngdialog5']/div[2]/div/div[2]");
    By menuCard = By.xpath("html/body/div[1]/div/div/div/div/ui-view/project/div[1]/board/div/div/div/backlog-list/div[2]/div/ul/li/ul/div[1]/card/li/div/div[1]/a[3]");
    By container1stCard = By.xpath("html/body/div[1]/div/div/div/div/ui-view/project/div[1]/board/div/div/div/backlog-list/div[2]/div/ul/li/ul/div/card/li/div");
    By delete3 = By.xpath("//*[contains(text(), 'delete')]");

    By accceptWarning = By.xpath("html/body/div[4]/div/div[10]/button[1]");
    By openCard = By.xpath("//*[@id=\"scrollable\"]/div/backlog-list/div[2]/div/ul/li/ul/div/card/li/div");

    private Services services;
    public CardPage(WebDriver driver) {
        super(driver);
    }
    //SERVICES CARDS
    private void closeCard() {
        element(close).click();
    }
    public void delete1stCard(){
        WebElement Wcontainer1stCard = element(container1stCard);//Menu
        Actions builder = new Actions(super.webDriver);
        Actions hoverOverContainer = builder.moveToElement(Wcontainer1stCard);
        hoverOverContainer.perform();
        Services.waitMilisegundos(1000);
        element(menuCard).click();

        Services.waitMilisegundos(500);
        WebElement deleteBtn = element(delete3);
        deleteBtn.click();//Menu Item
        Services.waitMilisegundos(1000);
    }
    public void openCard(){
        element(openCard).click();
    }
}

页面对象服务

package Helpers;

import PageObject.*;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;

public class Services {
    WebDriver webDriver;
    private LandingPage landingPage;
    private MainPage mainPage;
    private LoginPage loginPage;
    private ProjectPage projectPage;
    private CardPage cardPage;
    String url;
    ////
    public Services(TmpEnvironment environment) {
        webDriver = new StartDriver( environment.url ).getWebDriver();
    }
    public Services() {
        webDriver = new StartDriver(TmpEnvironment.STAGING).getWebDriver();
    }

    ///LOGIN SERVICES
    public Services login(String email, String passw){
        getLandingPage().goToLoginPage();
        getLoginPage().writeUserName(email)
                .writePassword(passw)
                .clickOnLogin();
        return this;
    }
    public Services enterToProject() {
        getMainPage().enterToProject();
        return this;
    }
    //PAGES GETTERS
    public WebDriver getWebDriver() {
        return webDriver;
    }
    public MainPage getMainPage() {
        if (mainPage == null)
            mainPage = new MainPage(webDriver);
        return mainPage;
    }
    public LoginPage getLoginPage() {
        if (loginPage == null)
            loginPage = new LoginPage(webDriver);
        return loginPage;
    }
    public ProjectPage getProjectPage(){
        if (projectPage == null)
            projectPage = new  ProjectPage(webDriver);
        return projectPage;
    }
    public LandingPage getLandingPage() {
        if (landingPage == null)
            landingPage =  new LandingPage(webDriver);
        return landingPage;
    }
    public CardPage getCardPage() {
        if (cardPage == null)
            cardPage = new CardPage(webDriver);
        return cardPage;
    }
    //CARDS SERVICES
    public Services delete1stCard() {
        getCardPage().delete1stCard();
        return this;
    }
    public static void waitMilisegundos(){
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public void pressEnter(){
        Actions builder = new Actions(webDriver);
        builder.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN).perform();
    }
    public void pressEsc(){
        Actions builder = new Actions(webDriver);
        builder.sendKeys(Keys.ESCAPE).perform();
    }
    //
    public Services goToLoginPage() {
        getLandingPage().goToLoginPage();
        return this;
    }

    public enum TmpEnvironment {
        DEVELOPMENT( "http://tmp-landing-dev.theamalgama.com/index" ),
        STAGING( "https://tmpapp.theamalgama.com" ),
        PRODUCTION( "https://tmpapp.com" );
        public final String url;
        TmpEnvironment( final String url ) {
            this.url = url;
        }
        public String getUrl(){
            return url;
        }
    }
}

测试CLASS

package z_Test;

import Helpers.Services;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

import static Helpers.Services.waitMilisegundos;

public class CardTest {
    static String email, password;
    Services services;

    public CardTest(){
        services = new Services();
    }
    @BeforeClass
    public static void setData(){
        email = "test01@testing.com";
        password = "password";

    }
    @After
    public void CloseDriver(){
        services.getWebDriver().close();
    }


    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    @Test
    public void cardTest(){ 
        services.login(email,password);
        services.enterToProject()
        .delete1stCard();
        waitMilisegundos();
    }
}

接下来是尝试删除卡时的错误消息。

[org.openqa.selenium.ElementNotVisibleException: element not visible
(Session info: chrome=58.0.3029.110) (Driver info: chromedriver=2.30.477691 (6ee44a7247c639c0703f291d320bdf05c1531b57),platform=Linux 4.4.0-79-generic x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information) Command duration or timeout: 96 milliseconds Build info: version: 'unknown', revision: 'unknown', time: 'unknown' System info: host: 'julieta', ip: '127.0.1.1', os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '4.4.0-79-generic', java.version: '1.8.0_131' Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver Capabilities [{applicationCacheEnabled=false, rotatable=false, mobileEmulationEnabled=false, networkConnectionEnabled=false, chrome={chromedriverVersion=2.30.477691 (6ee44a7247c639c0703f291d320bdf05c1531b57), userDataDir=/tmp/.org.chromium.Chromium.rQuYOu}, takesHeapSnapshot=true, pageLoadStrategy=normal, databaseEnabled=false, handlesAlerts=true, hasTouchScreen=false, version=58.0.3029.110, platform=LINUX, browserConnectionEnabled=false, nativeEvents=true, acceptSslCerts=true, locationContextEnabled=true, webStorageEnabled=true, browserName=chrome, takesScreenshot=true, javascriptEnabled=true, cssSelectorsEnabled=true, unexpectedAlertBehaviour=}] Session ID: a33c710a9bae046f731a66bb56b344b8 at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:215) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:167) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:671) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement.execute(RemoteWebElement.java:272) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement.click(RemoteWebElement.java:82) at PageObject.CardPage.delete1stCard(CardPage.java:92) at Helpers.Services.delete1stCard(Services.java:201) at z_Test.CardTest.cardTest(CardTest.java:69) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:27) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:290) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=16=]0(ParentRunner.java:58) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)

]

我也试过使用不同的 xpath，所以我运行我得到了另一种例外：org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: Unable to locate element:

Answer 1

我认为你有很多问题需要改进。

您正在使用绝对 XPath，这始终是一种不好的做法。它们极其脆弱。您应该花一些时间阅读一些关于手工制作 XPath 的教程。它们会更短、更易于阅读，但也不会那么脆弱。
与其使用方法 delete1stCard()，不如创建一个采用索引的方法 deleteCard(int index)，以便您可以删除任何想要的卡片。您可能需要另一种方法 deleteCard(String cardName) 接收卡名并将其删除。我认为这可能比按索引删除更有用，但我不知道您的测试用例是什么样的。（或者更好的是，实现一个卡片组件 class，正如我在下面建议的那样，它解决了这个问题。）
你的 class 称为 Services 似乎是一个包罗万象的桶。创建适当的页面对象模型并添加处理登录页面登录的登录页面、处理该页面的项目页面，等等。我不知道 Services 在您将所有内容重新组织到适当的页面对象后应该包含什么...我认为您可能不需要它。
我还建议您创建组件页面对象，例如卡片，一些工具栏。 "page object" 不必是整个页面。它可以是任何可重用的组件。您可以将 Services class 中的一些可用功能移动到 TimerMenu、ProjectBar 等组件中，以表示顶部的不同工具栏页面及其功能。
您将有一个代表卡片页面的 CardsPage 页面对象，例如https://tmpapp.theamalgama.com/#/projects/681/cards，但您还会有一个 CardComponent 表示页面上的实际卡片，这些内容包含在 <card> 标记中。 CardComponent 将包含单张卡片的功能...名称、该卡片的播放按钮、该卡片的完成图标、该卡片的 delete/edit/etc 选项，等等。

现在是真正的答案。我写了一个CardComponentclass，按照我建议你写的。您传入卡的名称，它会得到一个句柄。从那里，您可以调用 card.delete() 或 card.whatever()，该操作将在您指定的卡上完成。它使处理单个卡片、项目等变得更加容易。卡片功能的更新很容易...更改进入 CardComponent 页面对象等

public class CardComponent
{
    private WebDriver driver;
    private WebElement card;
    private By deleteCardLocator = By.xpath(".//p[@class='option-list-option'][.='Delete']");
    private By acceptDeleteButtonLocator = By.xpath("//button[.='Accept']");

    public CardComponent(WebDriver webDriver, String cardName)
    {
        driver = webDriver;
        card = new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 10)
                .until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//card[contains(., '" + cardName + "')]")));
    }

    public void delete()
    {
        openMenu();
        card.findElement(deleteCardLocator).click();
        driver.findElement(acceptDeleteButtonLocator).click();
    }

    private void openMenu()
    {
        new Actions(driver).moveToElement(card).perform();
        card.findElement(By.id("dots")).click();
    }
}

要使用此代码，请导航至卡片页面并调用

CardComponent card = new CardComponent(driver, "card to delete");
card.delete();

我创建了一些新卡片并测试了这段代码并且它有效。

使用 Selenium 获取子项的 XPath - Java

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