为什么 XSD 验证期望 {element} 带有大括号而不只是元素？

Question

当我尝试根据以下 XSD 验证以下 XML 时，出现以下错误：

cvc-complex-type.2.4.a: Invalid content was found starting with element >'personal'. One of '{personal} expected.

XML

<main xmlns = "http://www.example.com"
      xmlns:xsi = "https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation = "main.xsd">
  <personal>
    <full-name>John Smith</full-name>
    <contact>
      <street-address>12345 Example Street</street-address>
      <city>Somewhere</city>
      <state>EX</state>
      <postal-code>111 111</postal-code>
      <phone>123 456 7890</phone>
      <email>myemail@example.com</email>
    </contact>
  </personal>
</main>

XSD

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            targetNamespace = "http://www.example.com"
            xmlns = "http://www.example.com">
  <xsd:element name = "main" type = "main-type"/>

  <xsd:complexType name = "main-type">
    <xsd:all>
      <xsd:element name = "personal" type = "personal-type"/>
    </xsd:all>
  </xsd:complexType>

  <xsd:complexType name = "personal-type">
    <xsd:all>
      <xsd:element name = "full-name" type = "xsd:string" 
                   minOccurs = "1"/>
      <xsd:element name = "contact" type = "contact-type" 
                   minOccurs = "1"/>
    </xsd:all>
  </xsd:complexType>

  <!--Different xsd:strings for contact information in contact-type-->
  <xsd:complexType name = "contact-type">
    <xsd:all>
      <xsd:element name = "street-address" type = "xsd:string"/>
      <xsd:element name = "city" type = "xsd:string"/>
      <xsd:element name = "state" type = "xsd:string"/>
      <xsd:element name = "postal-code" type = "xsd:string"/>
      <xsd:element name = "phone" type = "xsd:string"/>
      <xsd:element name = "email" type = "xsd:string"/>
    </xsd:all>
  </xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>

有什么问题，我该如何解决？

Answer 1

您发布的 XML 在您发布的错误消息之前有两个初步问题：

改变

xmlns:xsi = "https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

至

xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

改变

xsi:schemaLocation = "main.xsd"

至

xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.example.com main.xsd"

现在，您发布的 XML 和 XSD 实际上将处于显示您发布的问题的状态：

[Error] main.xml:4:13: cvc-complex-type.2.4.a: Invalid content was found starting with element 'personal'. One of '{personal}' is expected.

解释： 根据您的 XSD，此错误告诉您 personal 不应在任何名称空间中； One of '{personal}' is expected 中的 { 和 } 表示这一点。

您可能会认为，由于您的 XSD 声明了 targetNamespace="http://www.example.com"，因此它的所有组件都被放入了 http://www.example.com 命名空间。这对于本地声明的组件而言并非如此，但是 除非您设置 elementFormDefault="qualified" -- 默认值为 unqualified.

本地声明的元素默认在没有命名空间中

因此，进行最后一项更改：添加

elementFormDefault="qualified"

到 xsd:schema 元素，然后你的 XML 对你的 XSD 有效。

另请参阅 this answer about what elementFormDefault means。

为什么 XSD 验证期望 {element} 带有大括号而不只是元素？

Why does XSD validation expect {element} with braces rather than just element?

xml

xsd

xml-validation

xsd-validation

XML

XSD

本地声明的元素默认在没有命名空间中