在单元测试控制器时模拟 Spring 验证器
Mocking a Spring Validator when unit testing Controller
在为另一个项目创建的代码编写单元测试事后分析时,我遇到了如何模拟绑定到控制器的验证器的问题 initBinder
?
通常我只会考虑确保我的输入有效,并在验证器中进行一些额外的调用,但在这种情况下,验证器 class 与通过一些数据源进行检查相结合,测试起来会变得一团糟。耦合可以追溯到使用的一些旧的公共库,并且超出了我当前修复所有这些库的工作范围。
起初我尝试使用 PowerMock 和模拟静态方法来模拟验证器的外部依赖关系,但最终 运行 变成需要数据源的 class 当 class 已创建,但没有找到解决该问题的方法。
然后我尝试只使用普通的 mockito 工具来模拟验证器,但这也不起作用。然后尝试在 mockMvc
调用中设置验证器,但这并没有为验证器注册任何 @Mock
注释。最后运行变成了this question。但是由于控制器本身没有 validator
字段,所以这也失败了。那么,我该如何解决这个问题?
验证者:
public class TerminationValidator implements Validator {
// JSR-303 Bean Validator utility which converts ConstraintViolations to Spring's BindingResult
private CustomValidatorBean validator = new CustomValidatorBean();
private Class<? extends Default> level;
public TerminationValidator(Class<? extends Default> level) {
this.level = level;
validator.afterPropertiesSet();
}
public boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
return Termination.class.equals(clazz);
}
@Override
public void validate(Object model, Errors errors) {
BindingResult result = (BindingResult) errors;
// Check domain object against JSR-303 validation constraints
validator.validate(result.getTarget(), result, this.level);
[...]
}
[...]
}
控制器:
public class TerminationController extends AbstractController {
@InitBinder("termination")
public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder, HttpServletRequest request) {
binder.setValidator(new TerminationValidator(Default.class));
binder.setAllowedFields(new String[] { "termId[**]", "terminationDate",
"accountSelection", "iban", "bic" });
}
[...]
}
测试class:
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class StandaloneTerminationTests extends BaseControllerTest {
@Mock
private TerminationValidator terminationValidator = new TerminationValidator(Default.class);
@InjectMocks
private TerminationController controller;
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Override
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
initMocks(this);
mockMvc = standaloneSetup(controller)
.setCustomArgumentResolvers(new TestHandlerMethodArgumentResolver())
.setValidator(terminationValidator)
.build();
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(controller, "validator", terminationValidator);
when(terminationValidator.supports(any(Class.class))).thenReturn(true);
doNothing().when(terminationValidator).validate(any(), any(Errors.class));
}
[...]
}
异常:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not find field [validator] of type [null] on target [my.application.web.controller.TerminationController@560508be]
at org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils.setField(ReflectionTestUtils.java:111)
at org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils.setField(ReflectionTestUtils.java:84)
at my.application.web.controller.termination.StandaloneTerminationTests.setUp(StandaloneTerminationTests.java:70)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=14=]0(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.mockito.internal.runners.JUnit45AndHigherRunnerImpl.run(JUnit45AndHigherRunnerImpl.java:37)
at org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner.run(MockitoJUnitRunner.java:62)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
您应该避免在 Spring 应用程序中使用 new
创建业务对象。您应该始终从应用程序上下文中获取它们 - 这将有助于在您的测试中模拟它们。
在您的用例中,您应该简单地将验证器创建为一个 bean(例如 defaultTerminationValidator
)并将其注入您的控制器:
public class TerminationController extends AbstractController {
private TerminationValidator terminationValidator;
@Autowired
public setDefaultTerminationValidator(TerminationValidator validator) {
this.terminationValidator = validator;
}
@InitBinder("termination")
public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder, HttpServletRequest request) {
binder.setValidator(terminationValidator);
binder.setAllowedFields(new String[] { "termId[**]", "terminationDate",
"accountSelection", "iban", "bic" });
}
[...]
}
这样,您就可以简单地在测试中注入模拟。
嗯,我知道处理这种情况的唯一方法是使用 PowerMock,而不更改您的应用程序代码。
它可以检测 JVM 并不仅为静态方法而且在您调用 new
运算符时创建模拟。
看看这个例子:
https://code.google.com/p/powermock/wiki/MockConstructor
如果你想使用 Mockito,你必须使用 PowerMockito 而不是 PowerMock:
https://code.google.com/p/powermock/wiki/MockitoUsage13
阅读部分How to mock construction of new objects
例如:
我的自定义控制器
public class MyController {
public String doSomeStuff(String parameter) {
getValidator().validate(parameter);
// Perform other operations
return "nextView";
}
public CoolValidator getValidator() {
//Bad design, it's better to inject the validator or a factory that provides it
return new CoolValidator();
}
}
我的自定义验证器
public class CoolValidator {
public void validate(String input) throws InvalidParameterException {
//Do some validation. This code will be mocked by PowerMock!!
}
}
我使用 PowerMockito 的自定义测试
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.*;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(MyController.class)
public class MyControllerTest {
@Test(expected=InvalidParameterException.class)
public void test() throws Exception {
whenNew(CoolValidator.class).withAnyArguments()
.thenThrow(new InvalidParameterException("error message"));
MyController controller = new MyController();
controller.doSomeStuff("test"); // this method does a "new CoolValidator()" inside
}
}
Maven 依赖项
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
<version>1.6.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-api-mockito</artifactId>
<version>1.6.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
<version>1.10.19</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
正如您在我的测试中看到的那样,我正在模拟验证器行为,因此当控制器调用它时会抛出异常。
但是,使用 PowerMock 通常表示设计不佳。当您必须测试遗留应用程序时,通常必须使用它。
如果您可以更改应用程序,最好更改代码以便在不检测 JVM 的情况下进行测试。
在为另一个项目创建的代码编写单元测试事后分析时,我遇到了如何模拟绑定到控制器的验证器的问题 initBinder
?
通常我只会考虑确保我的输入有效,并在验证器中进行一些额外的调用,但在这种情况下,验证器 class 与通过一些数据源进行检查相结合,测试起来会变得一团糟。耦合可以追溯到使用的一些旧的公共库,并且超出了我当前修复所有这些库的工作范围。
起初我尝试使用 PowerMock 和模拟静态方法来模拟验证器的外部依赖关系,但最终 运行 变成需要数据源的 class 当 class 已创建,但没有找到解决该问题的方法。
然后我尝试只使用普通的 mockito 工具来模拟验证器,但这也不起作用。然后尝试在 mockMvc
调用中设置验证器,但这并没有为验证器注册任何 @Mock
注释。最后运行变成了this question。但是由于控制器本身没有 validator
字段,所以这也失败了。那么,我该如何解决这个问题?
验证者:
public class TerminationValidator implements Validator {
// JSR-303 Bean Validator utility which converts ConstraintViolations to Spring's BindingResult
private CustomValidatorBean validator = new CustomValidatorBean();
private Class<? extends Default> level;
public TerminationValidator(Class<? extends Default> level) {
this.level = level;
validator.afterPropertiesSet();
}
public boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
return Termination.class.equals(clazz);
}
@Override
public void validate(Object model, Errors errors) {
BindingResult result = (BindingResult) errors;
// Check domain object against JSR-303 validation constraints
validator.validate(result.getTarget(), result, this.level);
[...]
}
[...]
}
控制器:
public class TerminationController extends AbstractController {
@InitBinder("termination")
public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder, HttpServletRequest request) {
binder.setValidator(new TerminationValidator(Default.class));
binder.setAllowedFields(new String[] { "termId[**]", "terminationDate",
"accountSelection", "iban", "bic" });
}
[...]
}
测试class:
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class StandaloneTerminationTests extends BaseControllerTest {
@Mock
private TerminationValidator terminationValidator = new TerminationValidator(Default.class);
@InjectMocks
private TerminationController controller;
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Override
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
initMocks(this);
mockMvc = standaloneSetup(controller)
.setCustomArgumentResolvers(new TestHandlerMethodArgumentResolver())
.setValidator(terminationValidator)
.build();
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(controller, "validator", terminationValidator);
when(terminationValidator.supports(any(Class.class))).thenReturn(true);
doNothing().when(terminationValidator).validate(any(), any(Errors.class));
}
[...]
}
异常:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not find field [validator] of type [null] on target [my.application.web.controller.TerminationController@560508be]
at org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils.setField(ReflectionTestUtils.java:111)
at org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils.setField(ReflectionTestUtils.java:84)
at my.application.web.controller.termination.StandaloneTerminationTests.setUp(StandaloneTerminationTests.java:70)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=14=]0(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.mockito.internal.runners.JUnit45AndHigherRunnerImpl.run(JUnit45AndHigherRunnerImpl.java:37)
at org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner.run(MockitoJUnitRunner.java:62)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
您应该避免在 Spring 应用程序中使用 new
创建业务对象。您应该始终从应用程序上下文中获取它们 - 这将有助于在您的测试中模拟它们。
在您的用例中,您应该简单地将验证器创建为一个 bean(例如 defaultTerminationValidator
)并将其注入您的控制器:
public class TerminationController extends AbstractController {
private TerminationValidator terminationValidator;
@Autowired
public setDefaultTerminationValidator(TerminationValidator validator) {
this.terminationValidator = validator;
}
@InitBinder("termination")
public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder, HttpServletRequest request) {
binder.setValidator(terminationValidator);
binder.setAllowedFields(new String[] { "termId[**]", "terminationDate",
"accountSelection", "iban", "bic" });
}
[...]
}
这样,您就可以简单地在测试中注入模拟。
嗯,我知道处理这种情况的唯一方法是使用 PowerMock,而不更改您的应用程序代码。
它可以检测 JVM 并不仅为静态方法而且在您调用 new
运算符时创建模拟。
看看这个例子:
https://code.google.com/p/powermock/wiki/MockConstructor
如果你想使用 Mockito,你必须使用 PowerMockito 而不是 PowerMock:
https://code.google.com/p/powermock/wiki/MockitoUsage13
阅读部分How to mock construction of new objects
例如:
我的自定义控制器
public class MyController {
public String doSomeStuff(String parameter) {
getValidator().validate(parameter);
// Perform other operations
return "nextView";
}
public CoolValidator getValidator() {
//Bad design, it's better to inject the validator or a factory that provides it
return new CoolValidator();
}
}
我的自定义验证器
public class CoolValidator {
public void validate(String input) throws InvalidParameterException {
//Do some validation. This code will be mocked by PowerMock!!
}
}
我使用 PowerMockito 的自定义测试
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.*;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(MyController.class)
public class MyControllerTest {
@Test(expected=InvalidParameterException.class)
public void test() throws Exception {
whenNew(CoolValidator.class).withAnyArguments()
.thenThrow(new InvalidParameterException("error message"));
MyController controller = new MyController();
controller.doSomeStuff("test"); // this method does a "new CoolValidator()" inside
}
}
Maven 依赖项
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
<version>1.6.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-api-mockito</artifactId>
<version>1.6.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
<version>1.10.19</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
正如您在我的测试中看到的那样,我正在模拟验证器行为,因此当控制器调用它时会抛出异常。
但是,使用 PowerMock 通常表示设计不佳。当您必须测试遗留应用程序时,通常必须使用它。
如果您可以更改应用程序,最好更改代码以便在不检测 JVM 的情况下进行测试。