在 Swift 中为摊销计划创建循环

Question

我想找出一个简单的循环来计算 Swift 中的摊销时间表。

到目前为止，这是我在 Playground 上的设置：

let loanAmount: Double = 250000.00
let intRate: Double = 4.0
let years: Double = 30.0

var r: Double = intRate / 1200
var n: Double = years * 12
var rPower: Double = pow(1 + r, n)

var monthlyPayment: Double = loanAmount * r * rPower / (rPower - 1)
var annualPayment: Double = monthlyPayment * 12

对于实际的循环，我不确定如何修复下面的代码。

for i in 0...360 {

  var interestPayment: Double = loanAmount * r
  var principalPayment: Double = monthlyPayment - interestPayment
  var balance: Double; -= principalPayment
}

希望生成月度计划。提前感谢任何提示。

Answer 1

我猜你的意思是在循环外声明 balance 变量，并在循环内递减它：

// stylistically, in Swift it's usual to leave
// off the types like Double unless you have a
// reason to be explicit
let loanAmount = 250_000.00
let intRate = 4.0
let years = 30.0

// since these are one-off calculations, you
// should use let for them, too.  let doesn't
// just have to be for constant numbers, it just
// means the number can't change once calculated.
let r = intRate / 1200
let n = years * 12
let rPower = pow(1 + r, n)

// like above, these aren't changing.  always prefer let
// over var unless you really need to vary the value
let monthlyPayment = loanAmount * r * rPower / (rPower - 1)
let annualPayment = monthlyPayment * 12

// this is the only variable you intend to "vary"
// so does need to be a var
var balance = loanAmount

// start counting from 1 not 0 if you want to use an open
// (i.e. including 360) range, or you'll perform 361 calculations:
for i in 1...360 {
    // you probably want to calculate interest 
    // from balance rather than initial principal
    let interestPayment = balance * r
    let principalPayment = monthlyPayment - interestPayment

    balance -= principalPayment
    println(balance)
}

这应该打印出正确的余额，最终余额降至零（实际上 9.73727765085641e-09 – 但这是一个整体 other question）。

如果你想创建每月余额，比如在一个数组中，你可以添加一个额外的数组变量来存储它：

var balance = loanAmount
//array of monthly balances, with the initial loan amount to start with:
var monthlyBalances = [balance]
for i in 1...360 {
    let interestPayment = balance * r
    let principalPayment = monthlyPayment - interestPayment

    balance -= principalPayment
    monthlyBalances.append(balance)
}

任何感兴趣的人的高级版本

您可能想知道是否有一种方法可以用 let 而不是 var 来声明 monthlyBalances。有！你可以使用 reduce:

let monthlyBalances = reduce(1...360, [loanAmount]) { 
  payments, _ in
    let balance = payments.last!
    let interestPayment = balance * r
    let principalPayment = monthlyPayment - interestPayment

    return payments + [balance - principalPayment]
}

然而，由于几个原因，这有点令人讨厌。如果 Swift 标准库有一个稍微不同的 reduce 版本，称为 accumulate，它可以从运行总数中生成一个数组，就像这样：

let monthlyBalances = accumulate(1...360, loanAmount) { 
  balance, _ in
    let interestPayment = balance * r
    let principalPayment = monthlyPayment - interestPayment

    return balance - principalPayment
}

下面是 accumulate 的定义：

func accumulate<S: SequenceType, U>
  (source: S, var initial: U, combine: (U, S.Generator.Element) -> U)
   -> [U] {
        var result: [U] = []
        result.append(initial)
        for x in source {
            initial = combine(initial, x)
            result.append(initial)
        }
        return result
}

在 Swift 中为摊销计划创建循环

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任何感兴趣的人的高级版本