python 文件 (.py) 到 cx_Freeze 可执行文件 (.exe) 的问题
Problems with python file(.py) to executable(.exe) with cx_Freeze
更具体地说：这个程序根本不是 运行，只是打开命令提示符然后突然关闭...
这是我的 setup.py 文件...
我导入了 os 并添加了指向 tcl 和 tk 的链接，以防止出现另一个问题。解决该问题后，现在我能够从我的原始 python 代码成功构建一个 .exe，但是，当打开新创建的 .exe 文件时......所有这一切都会打开一个命令提示符屏幕仅几毫秒和 close 再一次。我假设 tk.mainLoop() 或 tkinter 通常存在一些构建错误 possibly？我还导入了数学模块和其他一些 tkinter 项目，例如 tkinter.font 和 tkinter.messagebox。
非常感谢您的帮助，我在 cx_Freeze 和 python-to-executable programs/modules 方面遇到了很多问题...
import os
from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = 'c:/python36-32/tcl/tcl8.6'
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = 'c:/python36-32/tcl/tk8.6'
base = None
executables = [Executable("formulas_tkinter_replace2.py", base=base, icon="pi-outline-128.ico")]
packages = ["tkinter", "math"]
options = {
'build_exe': {
'packages':packages,
},
}
setup(
name = "Formula",
version = "1.0",
description = 'Mathematics made easy...',
executables = executables
)
下载 pyinstaller-1.5.1 并使用 python makespec.py --noconsole --onefile 'YourFile' 和 python build.py 'yourfile' /'yourfile.spec'
基本上 Tk 和 Tcl DLL 都丢失了。有两种方法可以更正此问题。
1) 这更像是一种 hack，只是有时有效，但在这种情况下它应该：
将 tcl86t.dll 和 tk86t.dll 从 Python 安装复制到 exe 的位置。这些可以在 Python36-32/DLLs 找到。就是这样。
2) 'proper' 的方法是这样做：
将其放在可执行文件之前：
files = {"include_files": ["C:/File_to_python/Python36-32/DLLs/tcl86t.dll", "C:/File_to_python/Python36-32/DLLs/tk86t.dll"]}
和
options = {
'build_exe': {
'packages':packages,
'build_exe':files
},
}
代替你之前的位置。
编辑：对。这个脚本应该可以工作。我完全重写了您提供的设置脚本，但是基本上您所做的是正确的，但是出现错误是因为找不到文件 tcl8.6 并且您也忘记了使用 include_files 函数。这可以手动完成。
from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
import os
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = "FilePathToPython/Python36-32/tcl/tcl8.6"
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = "FilePathToPython/Python36-32/tcl/tk8.6"
files = {"include_files":["FilePathToPython/Python36-32/DLLs/tcl86t.dll", "FilePathToPython/Python36-32/DLLs/tk86t.dll", "pi-outline-128.ico"], "packages": ["tkinter"]}
base = None
setup( name = "Name of exe",
version = "0.0",
author = "Reader",
description = "compile with setup.py build",
options = {"build_exe": files},
executables = [Executable("formulas_tkinter_replace2.py", icon="pi-outline-128.ico", base=base)])
只需更换您需要的即可。
我已经说过了。您可以使用 base = 'Win32GUI'
完全隐藏控制台
这是我试图制作成 .exe 的 python 文件的代码...准备好几百行代码...抱歉。
__author__ = 'Mike'; 'Intuitive Design'
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import font
from tkinter.simpledialog import askstring
import math
import tkinter.messagebox
# Variables & Core objects section
# tk(), and ttk():
root = Tk()
root.config(bg='light grey')
root2 = ttk
s = ttk.Style()
s.theme_use('clam')
s.configure('TButton', background="grey32", fg="white")
# ______________
# Frames:
frame = Frame(root)
frame2 = Frame(root, pady=10, width=400)
frame2.config(bg="grey10")
# ______________
# Program window:
root.title("Formula")
root.iconbitmap('pi-outline-128.ico')
# ______________
# Other:
box = tkinter.messagebox
output_txt = "Output here"
pi = math.pi
underscore = "_________________________________"
unnecessary = 1
code_to_get = 2
key_binding_to_work = 3
# _______________
string_num = {'one': '1', 'two': '2', 'three': '3', 'four': '4', 'five': '5', 'six': '6', 'seven': '7', 'eight': '8',
'nine': '9', 'ten': '10', 'eleven': '11', 'twelve': '12', 'thirteen': '13', 'fourteen': '14',
'fifteen': '15', 'sixteen': '16', "seventeen": '17', 'eighteen': '18', 'eightteen': '18', 'nineteen': '19'
, 'twenty': '20', 'twenty-one': '21', 'twenty-two': '22', 'twenty-three': '23', 'twenty-four': '24',
'twenty-five': '25', 'twenty-six': '26', 'twenty-seven': '27', 'twenty-eight': '28', 'twenty-nine': '29',
'thirty': '30', 'thirty-one': '31', 'thirty-two': '32', 'thirty-three': '33', 'thirty-four': '34',
'thirty-five': '35', 'thirty-six': '36', 'thirty-seven': '37', 'thirty-eight': '38', 'thirty-nine': '39',
'forty': '40', 'fourty': '40', 'forty-one': '41', 'forty-two': '42', 'forty-three': '43', 'forty-four':
'44', 'forty-five': '45', 'forty-six': '46', 'forty-seven': '47', 'forty-eight': '48', 'forty-nine': '49',
'fifty': '50', 'sixty': '60', 'seventy': '70', 'eighty': '80', 'ninety': '90', 'one-hundred': '100',
'one-thousand': '1000', 'ten-thousand': '10000', 'one-hundred-thousand': '100000',
'one-million': '1000000', 'one-billion': '1000000000', 'one-trillion': '1000000000000', 'vegeta':
'9000', 'dragon-ball-z': '9000', 'goku': '9000'}
# ---(end of variable section)-----------------------
# Functions: -----
args = [unnecessary, code_to_get, key_binding_to_work]
def radius_input(*args):
try:
output = entry_pi.get()
radius = float(output)
except ValueError:
try:
if ord(output[0]) >= 65 and ord(output[0]) <= 90:
replacement = chr((ord(output[0]) + 32))
output = output.replace(output[0], replacement)
if " " in output:
output = output.replace(" ", "-")
output = output.replace(output, string_num[output])
radius = float(output)
except KeyError:
try:
if output[1] == '/':
first_num = int(output[0])
second_num = int(output[2])
answer = first_num / second_num
radius = float(answer)
else:
box.showinfo("Error Occurred", "Sorry, you forgot the input or caused an unknown error!")
except Exception:
pass
try:
A = pi * (radius ** 2)
A_spec = "{:,.5f}".format(A)
# ------Background info (True value of circle's area; no rounding at all -----
print("True Value: ", A, "\n", underscore)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
print("Specific Value:", "\n", A_spec, "\n", underscore, "\n")
entry_pi_out.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi_out2.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi_out.insert(0, A_spec)
if A < A // 1 + 0.499995:
A_rounddown = (A // 1)
A_rounddown = "{:,}".format(A_rounddown)
print("Rounded Value:", "\n", A_rounddown, "\n", underscore, "\n")
entry_pi_out2.insert(0, A_rounddown)
elif A >= A // 1 + 0.499995:
A_roundup = (A // 1) + 1.0
A_roundup = "{:,}".format(A_roundup)
print("Rounded Value:", "\n", A_roundup, "\n", underscore, "\n")
entry_pi_out2.insert(0, A_roundup)
else:
# You created an interesting error...
box.showinfo("Ol' Easter Egg", """Easter egg no longer possible :( Who knows how you accessed it""")
hist_A = str(A_spec)
form_radius = "{:,}".format(radius)
hist_r = str(form_radius)
# π - storing the pi symbol in comment due to unicode string errors
pie = u"π"
hist_math = hist_r + "(r)" + "^2 * " + pie + " = " + hist_A + "\n"
hist_prompt = hist_math
history.insert(1.0, hist_prompt)
except UnboundLocalError:
pass
args = [unnecessary, code_to_get, key_binding_to_work]
def distance(*args):
try:
r = entry_rate.get()
int_r = float(r)
except ValueError:
try:
if ord(r[0]) >= 65 and ord(r[0]) <= 90:
replacement = chr((ord(r[0]) + 32))
r = r.replace(r[0], replacement)
if " " in r:
r = r.replace(" ", "-")
r = r.replace(r, string_num[r])
int_r = float(r)
except KeyError:
try:
if r[1] == '/':
first_num = int(r[0])
second_num = int(r[2])
answer = first_num / second_num
int_r = float(answer)
else:
box.showinfo("Error Occurred", "Sorry, you forgot the input or caused an unknown error!")
except Exception:
pass
try:
t = entry_time.get()
int_t = float(t)
except ValueError:
try:
if ord(t[0]) >= 65 and ord(t[0]) <= 90:
replacement = chr((ord(t[0]) + 32))
t = t.replace(t[0], replacement)
if " " in t:
t = t.replace(" ", "-")
t = t.replace(t, string_num[t])
int_t = float(t)
except KeyError:
try:
if t[1] == '/':
first_num = int(t[0])
second_num = int(t[2])
answer = first_num / second_num
int_t = float(answer)
else:
box.showinfo("Error Occurred", "Sorry, you forgot the input or caused an unknown error!")
except Exception:
pass
try:
D = int_r * int_t
form_D = "{:,.2f}".format(D)
print(form_D)
entry_dist.delete(0, 100)
entry_dist.insert(0, form_D)
form_r = "{:,.2f}".format(int_r)
form_t = "{:,.2f}".format(int_t)
hist_prompt = form_r + "(r)" + " * " + form_t + "(t)" + " = " + form_D + "\n"
history.insert(1.0, hist_prompt)
except UnboundLocalError:
pass
def leftclick(event):
if entry_pi.get() == "Input Radius Here":
entry_pi.delete(0, 100)
else:
pass
def leftclick2(event):
if entry_pi_out.get() == "# Exact Value...":
entry_pi_out.delete(0, 100)
else:
pass
def leftclick3(event):
if entry_pi_out2.get() == "# Rounded Value ...":
entry_pi_out2.delete(0, 100)
else:
pass
def leftclickdist(event):
if entry_rate.get() == "Input Rate Here":
entry_rate.delete(0, 100)
else:
pass
def leftclickdist2(event):
if entry_time.get() == "Elapsed Time Value...":
entry_time.delete(0, 100)
else:
pass
def leftclickdist3(event):
if entry_dist.get() == "Distance Travelled":
entry_dist.delete(0, 100)
else:
pass
def save():
answer = ttk.tkinter.messagebox.askquestion("Save:", "Are you sure you want to save your history?")
if answer == "yes":
file_name = askstring("File Name:", "What would you like to save it as? \n Please remember to specify\
the file type (i.e. .txt, .csv, .doc, etc.)")
fw = open(file_name, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
write_var = history.get('1.0', END)
fw.write(write_var)
fw.close()
else:
pass
def clearAll():
entry_dist.delete(0, 100)
entry_time.delete(0, 100)
entry_rate.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi_out.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi_out2.delete(0, 100)
history.delete(1.0, 10000.0)
entry_pi.insert(0, "Input Radius Here")
entry_pi_out.insert(0, "# Exact Value...")
entry_pi_out2.insert(0, "# Rounded Value ...")
entry_rate.insert(0, "Input Rate Here")
entry_time.insert(0, "Elapsed Time Value...")
entry_dist.insert(0, "Distance Travelled")
y = ""
def current_formula(y):
if y == "1":
history.grid_remove()
history.grid(row=6, column=0, sticky="s", padx=6, pady=100)
button1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_pi.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_pi_out.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_pi_out2.grid(row=1, column=2, padx=10, pady=12)
root.bind("<Return>", lambda x: radius_input(*args))
button2.grid_remove()
entry_rate.grid_remove()
entry_time.grid_remove()
entry_dist.grid_remove()
one.config(bg="maroon")
elif y == "2":
history.grid_remove()
history.grid(row=6, column=0, sticky="s", padx=6, pady=100)
button2.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_rate.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_time.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_dist.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=10, pady=12)
root.bind("<Return>", lambda x: distance(*args))
button1.grid_remove()
entry_pi.grid_remove()
entry_pi_out.grid_remove()
entry_pi_out2.grid_remove()
one.config(bg="paleturquoise4")
else:
one.config(bg="goldenrod4")
try:
history.grid_remove()
entry_pi.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi_out.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi_out2.delete(0, 100)
entry_rate.delete(0, 100)
entry_time.delete(0, 100)
entry_dist.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi.insert(0, "Input Radius Here")
entry_pi_out.insert(0, "# Exact Value...")
entry_pi_out2.insert(0, "# Rounded Value ...")
entry_rate.insert(0, "Input Rate Here")
entry_time.insert(0, "Elapsed Time Value...")
entry_dist.insert(0, "Distance Travelled")
button1.grid_forget()
entry_pi.grid_forget()
entry_pi_out.grid_forget()
entry_pi_out2.grid_forget()
button2.grid_forget()
entry_rate.grid_forget()
entry_time.grid_forget()
entry_dist.grid_forget()
finally:
pass
'''
button1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_pi.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_pi_out.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_pi_out2.grid(row=1, column=2, padx=10, pady=12)
one.config(bg="maroon")
'''
# ----------------------
# toolbar: -----
toolframe = Frame(root)
toolbar = Frame(toolframe, bg="gray7")
# --------
# Main: -----
# Labels ---
one = Label(frame, pady=0, padx=20, width=31)
one_trim = Label(frame, bg="gray24", padx=1.5)
two = Label(toolbar, text="Formula", fg='gray34', font='broadway 24 bold italic', bg="gray10", pady=20, padx=20)
# complicated way to underline "Formula"... would only underline the 'o' without this... uses 'font' import @ top
f = font.Font(two, two.cget("font"))
f.configure(underline=True)
two.configure(font=f)
# ----------
# Button, entry boxes, answer boxes --
button1 = root2.Button(frame2, text="Area of a circle ", command=radius_input)
# very poorly written code... resulted in a random *args parameter, lambda statement, and the event to be bound to
# 'root' [i.e. Tk()] instead of button1. Please resolve this. *args is specified above 'radius_input()'.
entry_pi = ttk.Entry(frame2)
entry_pi.bind("<Button-1>", leftclick)
entry_pi_out = ttk.Entry(frame2)
entry_pi_out2 = ttk.Entry(frame2)
entry_pi_out.bind("<Button-1>", leftclick2)
entry_pi_out2.bind("<Button-1>", leftclick3)
button2 = root2.Button(frame2, text="Calculate Distance ", command=distance)
# same backwards *args parameter as 'button1' and 'radius_input()' suffer from are in 'button2' & 'distance()'
entry_rate = ttk.Entry(frame2)
entry_rate.bind("<Button-1>", leftclickdist)
entry_time = ttk.Entry(frame2)
entry_time.bind("<Button-1>", leftclickdist2)
entry_dist = ttk.Entry(frame2)
entry_dist.bind("<Button-1>", leftclickdist3)
# -------------------------------------
# History text box -----
history = Text(one, height=20, width=30, spacing3=2.5)
# ----------------------------
# --------
# Dropdown menu -------
menu = Menu(root)
root.config(menu=menu)
submenu = Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=submenu)
submenu.add_command(label="Clear All", command=clearAll)
submenu.add_command(label="Save", command=save)
submenu.add_separator()
submenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=lambda: current_formula(""))
editmenu = Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label="Formulas", menu=editmenu)
editmenu.add_command(label="Area of a circle", command=lambda: current_formula("1"))
editmenu.add_command(label="Distance Formula", command=lambda: current_formula("2"))
# ----------------------
# .pack ------
frame.pack(side="left", fill='y')
frame2.pack(side='right', fill='y')
one.pack(side='left', fill='y')
one_trim.pack(side='right', fill='y')
two.pack(side='top', pady=6)
toolbar.pack(side="top", fill="x")
toolframe.pack(side="top", fill='x', padx=4)
# ----- end/loop program & execute remnant functions -----
current_formula(y)
root.mainloop()
您问的是 Win32GUI。老实说，我不确定，但我认为这与 Windows API.
有关
Cx_Freeze 文档提到了这一点：
版本 4.2.2（2010 年 12 月）
Use the Microsoft compiler on Windows for Python 2.6 and up as some strange behaviors were identified with Python 2.7 when compiled using mingw32.
Eliminate warning about -mwindows when using the Microsoft compiler for building the Win32GUI base executable.
MinGW 是 C 或 C++ 编译器。
使用 Windows API 是有意义的，因为它可以用于 hide the console of a program。
如果它确实使用了 Windows API 似乎维基百科已经给出了为什么它被称为“Win32GUI”的答案：
User Interface
[9] Provides the functions to create and manage screen windows and most basic controls, such as buttons and scrollbars, receive mouse and keyboard input, and other functions associated with the graphical user interface (GUI) part of Windows. This functional unit resides in user.exe on 16-bit Windows, and user32.dll on 32-bit Windows. Since Windows XP versions, the basic controls reside in comctl32.dll, together with the common controls (Common Control Library).
所以基本上 GUI 看起来仍然是 32 位版本，即使对于 64 位计算机也是如此。因此，他们将其称为 Win32GUI，因为它是 32 位版本。 Cx_Freeze 开发人员不会冒险将其称为“Win64GUI”，以防创建 64 位版本 。
更具体地说：这个程序根本不是 运行，只是打开命令提示符然后突然关闭... 这是我的 setup.py 文件... 我导入了 os 并添加了指向 tcl 和 tk 的链接，以防止出现另一个问题。解决该问题后，现在我能够从我的原始 python 代码成功构建一个 .exe，但是，当打开新创建的 .exe 文件时......所有这一切都会打开一个命令提示符屏幕仅几毫秒和 close 再一次。我假设 tk.mainLoop() 或 tkinter 通常存在一些构建错误 possibly？我还导入了数学模块和其他一些 tkinter 项目，例如 tkinter.font 和 tkinter.messagebox。 非常感谢您的帮助，我在 cx_Freeze 和 python-to-executable programs/modules 方面遇到了很多问题...
import os
from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = 'c:/python36-32/tcl/tcl8.6'
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = 'c:/python36-32/tcl/tk8.6'
base = None
executables = [Executable("formulas_tkinter_replace2.py", base=base, icon="pi-outline-128.ico")]
packages = ["tkinter", "math"]
options = {
'build_exe': {
'packages':packages,
},
}
setup(
name = "Formula",
version = "1.0",
description = 'Mathematics made easy...',
executables = executables
)
下载 pyinstaller-1.5.1 并使用 python makespec.py --noconsole --onefile 'YourFile' 和 python build.py 'yourfile' /'yourfile.spec'
基本上 Tk 和 Tcl DLL 都丢失了。有两种方法可以更正此问题。
1) 这更像是一种 hack，只是有时有效，但在这种情况下它应该：
将 tcl86t.dll 和 tk86t.dll 从 Python 安装复制到 exe 的位置。这些可以在 Python36-32/DLLs 找到。就是这样。
2) 'proper' 的方法是这样做： 将其放在可执行文件之前：
files = {"include_files": ["C:/File_to_python/Python36-32/DLLs/tcl86t.dll", "C:/File_to_python/Python36-32/DLLs/tk86t.dll"]}
和
options = {
'build_exe': {
'packages':packages,
'build_exe':files
},
}
代替你之前的位置。
编辑：对。这个脚本应该可以工作。我完全重写了您提供的设置脚本，但是基本上您所做的是正确的，但是出现错误是因为找不到文件 tcl8.6 并且您也忘记了使用 include_files 函数。这可以手动完成。
from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
import os
os.environ['TCL_LIBRARY'] = "FilePathToPython/Python36-32/tcl/tcl8.6"
os.environ['TK_LIBRARY'] = "FilePathToPython/Python36-32/tcl/tk8.6"
files = {"include_files":["FilePathToPython/Python36-32/DLLs/tcl86t.dll", "FilePathToPython/Python36-32/DLLs/tk86t.dll", "pi-outline-128.ico"], "packages": ["tkinter"]}
base = None
setup( name = "Name of exe",
version = "0.0",
author = "Reader",
description = "compile with setup.py build",
options = {"build_exe": files},
executables = [Executable("formulas_tkinter_replace2.py", icon="pi-outline-128.ico", base=base)])
只需更换您需要的即可。
我已经说过了。您可以使用 base = 'Win32GUI'
这是我试图制作成 .exe 的 python 文件的代码...准备好几百行代码...抱歉。
__author__ = 'Mike'; 'Intuitive Design'
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter import font
from tkinter.simpledialog import askstring
import math
import tkinter.messagebox
# Variables & Core objects section
# tk(), and ttk():
root = Tk()
root.config(bg='light grey')
root2 = ttk
s = ttk.Style()
s.theme_use('clam')
s.configure('TButton', background="grey32", fg="white")
# ______________
# Frames:
frame = Frame(root)
frame2 = Frame(root, pady=10, width=400)
frame2.config(bg="grey10")
# ______________
# Program window:
root.title("Formula")
root.iconbitmap('pi-outline-128.ico')
# ______________
# Other:
box = tkinter.messagebox
output_txt = "Output here"
pi = math.pi
underscore = "_________________________________"
unnecessary = 1
code_to_get = 2
key_binding_to_work = 3
# _______________
string_num = {'one': '1', 'two': '2', 'three': '3', 'four': '4', 'five': '5', 'six': '6', 'seven': '7', 'eight': '8',
'nine': '9', 'ten': '10', 'eleven': '11', 'twelve': '12', 'thirteen': '13', 'fourteen': '14',
'fifteen': '15', 'sixteen': '16', "seventeen": '17', 'eighteen': '18', 'eightteen': '18', 'nineteen': '19'
, 'twenty': '20', 'twenty-one': '21', 'twenty-two': '22', 'twenty-three': '23', 'twenty-four': '24',
'twenty-five': '25', 'twenty-six': '26', 'twenty-seven': '27', 'twenty-eight': '28', 'twenty-nine': '29',
'thirty': '30', 'thirty-one': '31', 'thirty-two': '32', 'thirty-three': '33', 'thirty-four': '34',
'thirty-five': '35', 'thirty-six': '36', 'thirty-seven': '37', 'thirty-eight': '38', 'thirty-nine': '39',
'forty': '40', 'fourty': '40', 'forty-one': '41', 'forty-two': '42', 'forty-three': '43', 'forty-four':
'44', 'forty-five': '45', 'forty-six': '46', 'forty-seven': '47', 'forty-eight': '48', 'forty-nine': '49',
'fifty': '50', 'sixty': '60', 'seventy': '70', 'eighty': '80', 'ninety': '90', 'one-hundred': '100',
'one-thousand': '1000', 'ten-thousand': '10000', 'one-hundred-thousand': '100000',
'one-million': '1000000', 'one-billion': '1000000000', 'one-trillion': '1000000000000', 'vegeta':
'9000', 'dragon-ball-z': '9000', 'goku': '9000'}
# ---(end of variable section)-----------------------
# Functions: -----
args = [unnecessary, code_to_get, key_binding_to_work]
def radius_input(*args):
try:
output = entry_pi.get()
radius = float(output)
except ValueError:
try:
if ord(output[0]) >= 65 and ord(output[0]) <= 90:
replacement = chr((ord(output[0]) + 32))
output = output.replace(output[0], replacement)
if " " in output:
output = output.replace(" ", "-")
output = output.replace(output, string_num[output])
radius = float(output)
except KeyError:
try:
if output[1] == '/':
first_num = int(output[0])
second_num = int(output[2])
answer = first_num / second_num
radius = float(answer)
else:
box.showinfo("Error Occurred", "Sorry, you forgot the input or caused an unknown error!")
except Exception:
pass
try:
A = pi * (radius ** 2)
A_spec = "{:,.5f}".format(A)
# ------Background info (True value of circle's area; no rounding at all -----
print("True Value: ", A, "\n", underscore)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
print("Specific Value:", "\n", A_spec, "\n", underscore, "\n")
entry_pi_out.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi_out2.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi_out.insert(0, A_spec)
if A < A // 1 + 0.499995:
A_rounddown = (A // 1)
A_rounddown = "{:,}".format(A_rounddown)
print("Rounded Value:", "\n", A_rounddown, "\n", underscore, "\n")
entry_pi_out2.insert(0, A_rounddown)
elif A >= A // 1 + 0.499995:
A_roundup = (A // 1) + 1.0
A_roundup = "{:,}".format(A_roundup)
print("Rounded Value:", "\n", A_roundup, "\n", underscore, "\n")
entry_pi_out2.insert(0, A_roundup)
else:
# You created an interesting error...
box.showinfo("Ol' Easter Egg", """Easter egg no longer possible :( Who knows how you accessed it""")
hist_A = str(A_spec)
form_radius = "{:,}".format(radius)
hist_r = str(form_radius)
# π - storing the pi symbol in comment due to unicode string errors
pie = u"π"
hist_math = hist_r + "(r)" + "^2 * " + pie + " = " + hist_A + "\n"
hist_prompt = hist_math
history.insert(1.0, hist_prompt)
except UnboundLocalError:
pass
args = [unnecessary, code_to_get, key_binding_to_work]
def distance(*args):
try:
r = entry_rate.get()
int_r = float(r)
except ValueError:
try:
if ord(r[0]) >= 65 and ord(r[0]) <= 90:
replacement = chr((ord(r[0]) + 32))
r = r.replace(r[0], replacement)
if " " in r:
r = r.replace(" ", "-")
r = r.replace(r, string_num[r])
int_r = float(r)
except KeyError:
try:
if r[1] == '/':
first_num = int(r[0])
second_num = int(r[2])
answer = first_num / second_num
int_r = float(answer)
else:
box.showinfo("Error Occurred", "Sorry, you forgot the input or caused an unknown error!")
except Exception:
pass
try:
t = entry_time.get()
int_t = float(t)
except ValueError:
try:
if ord(t[0]) >= 65 and ord(t[0]) <= 90:
replacement = chr((ord(t[0]) + 32))
t = t.replace(t[0], replacement)
if " " in t:
t = t.replace(" ", "-")
t = t.replace(t, string_num[t])
int_t = float(t)
except KeyError:
try:
if t[1] == '/':
first_num = int(t[0])
second_num = int(t[2])
answer = first_num / second_num
int_t = float(answer)
else:
box.showinfo("Error Occurred", "Sorry, you forgot the input or caused an unknown error!")
except Exception:
pass
try:
D = int_r * int_t
form_D = "{:,.2f}".format(D)
print(form_D)
entry_dist.delete(0, 100)
entry_dist.insert(0, form_D)
form_r = "{:,.2f}".format(int_r)
form_t = "{:,.2f}".format(int_t)
hist_prompt = form_r + "(r)" + " * " + form_t + "(t)" + " = " + form_D + "\n"
history.insert(1.0, hist_prompt)
except UnboundLocalError:
pass
def leftclick(event):
if entry_pi.get() == "Input Radius Here":
entry_pi.delete(0, 100)
else:
pass
def leftclick2(event):
if entry_pi_out.get() == "# Exact Value...":
entry_pi_out.delete(0, 100)
else:
pass
def leftclick3(event):
if entry_pi_out2.get() == "# Rounded Value ...":
entry_pi_out2.delete(0, 100)
else:
pass
def leftclickdist(event):
if entry_rate.get() == "Input Rate Here":
entry_rate.delete(0, 100)
else:
pass
def leftclickdist2(event):
if entry_time.get() == "Elapsed Time Value...":
entry_time.delete(0, 100)
else:
pass
def leftclickdist3(event):
if entry_dist.get() == "Distance Travelled":
entry_dist.delete(0, 100)
else:
pass
def save():
answer = ttk.tkinter.messagebox.askquestion("Save:", "Are you sure you want to save your history?")
if answer == "yes":
file_name = askstring("File Name:", "What would you like to save it as? \n Please remember to specify\
the file type (i.e. .txt, .csv, .doc, etc.)")
fw = open(file_name, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
write_var = history.get('1.0', END)
fw.write(write_var)
fw.close()
else:
pass
def clearAll():
entry_dist.delete(0, 100)
entry_time.delete(0, 100)
entry_rate.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi_out.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi_out2.delete(0, 100)
history.delete(1.0, 10000.0)
entry_pi.insert(0, "Input Radius Here")
entry_pi_out.insert(0, "# Exact Value...")
entry_pi_out2.insert(0, "# Rounded Value ...")
entry_rate.insert(0, "Input Rate Here")
entry_time.insert(0, "Elapsed Time Value...")
entry_dist.insert(0, "Distance Travelled")
y = ""
def current_formula(y):
if y == "1":
history.grid_remove()
history.grid(row=6, column=0, sticky="s", padx=6, pady=100)
button1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_pi.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_pi_out.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_pi_out2.grid(row=1, column=2, padx=10, pady=12)
root.bind("<Return>", lambda x: radius_input(*args))
button2.grid_remove()
entry_rate.grid_remove()
entry_time.grid_remove()
entry_dist.grid_remove()
one.config(bg="maroon")
elif y == "2":
history.grid_remove()
history.grid(row=6, column=0, sticky="s", padx=6, pady=100)
button2.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_rate.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_time.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_dist.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=10, pady=12)
root.bind("<Return>", lambda x: distance(*args))
button1.grid_remove()
entry_pi.grid_remove()
entry_pi_out.grid_remove()
entry_pi_out2.grid_remove()
one.config(bg="paleturquoise4")
else:
one.config(bg="goldenrod4")
try:
history.grid_remove()
entry_pi.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi_out.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi_out2.delete(0, 100)
entry_rate.delete(0, 100)
entry_time.delete(0, 100)
entry_dist.delete(0, 100)
entry_pi.insert(0, "Input Radius Here")
entry_pi_out.insert(0, "# Exact Value...")
entry_pi_out2.insert(0, "# Rounded Value ...")
entry_rate.insert(0, "Input Rate Here")
entry_time.insert(0, "Elapsed Time Value...")
entry_dist.insert(0, "Distance Travelled")
button1.grid_forget()
entry_pi.grid_forget()
entry_pi_out.grid_forget()
entry_pi_out2.grid_forget()
button2.grid_forget()
entry_rate.grid_forget()
entry_time.grid_forget()
entry_dist.grid_forget()
finally:
pass
'''
button1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_pi.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_pi_out.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=10, pady=10)
entry_pi_out2.grid(row=1, column=2, padx=10, pady=12)
one.config(bg="maroon")
'''
# ----------------------
# toolbar: -----
toolframe = Frame(root)
toolbar = Frame(toolframe, bg="gray7")
# --------
# Main: -----
# Labels ---
one = Label(frame, pady=0, padx=20, width=31)
one_trim = Label(frame, bg="gray24", padx=1.5)
two = Label(toolbar, text="Formula", fg='gray34', font='broadway 24 bold italic', bg="gray10", pady=20, padx=20)
# complicated way to underline "Formula"... would only underline the 'o' without this... uses 'font' import @ top
f = font.Font(two, two.cget("font"))
f.configure(underline=True)
two.configure(font=f)
# ----------
# Button, entry boxes, answer boxes --
button1 = root2.Button(frame2, text="Area of a circle ", command=radius_input)
# very poorly written code... resulted in a random *args parameter, lambda statement, and the event to be bound to
# 'root' [i.e. Tk()] instead of button1. Please resolve this. *args is specified above 'radius_input()'.
entry_pi = ttk.Entry(frame2)
entry_pi.bind("<Button-1>", leftclick)
entry_pi_out = ttk.Entry(frame2)
entry_pi_out2 = ttk.Entry(frame2)
entry_pi_out.bind("<Button-1>", leftclick2)
entry_pi_out2.bind("<Button-1>", leftclick3)
button2 = root2.Button(frame2, text="Calculate Distance ", command=distance)
# same backwards *args parameter as 'button1' and 'radius_input()' suffer from are in 'button2' & 'distance()'
entry_rate = ttk.Entry(frame2)
entry_rate.bind("<Button-1>", leftclickdist)
entry_time = ttk.Entry(frame2)
entry_time.bind("<Button-1>", leftclickdist2)
entry_dist = ttk.Entry(frame2)
entry_dist.bind("<Button-1>", leftclickdist3)
# -------------------------------------
# History text box -----
history = Text(one, height=20, width=30, spacing3=2.5)
# ----------------------------
# --------
# Dropdown menu -------
menu = Menu(root)
root.config(menu=menu)
submenu = Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=submenu)
submenu.add_command(label="Clear All", command=clearAll)
submenu.add_command(label="Save", command=save)
submenu.add_separator()
submenu.add_command(label="Exit", command=lambda: current_formula(""))
editmenu = Menu(menu)
menu.add_cascade(label="Formulas", menu=editmenu)
editmenu.add_command(label="Area of a circle", command=lambda: current_formula("1"))
editmenu.add_command(label="Distance Formula", command=lambda: current_formula("2"))
# ----------------------
# .pack ------
frame.pack(side="left", fill='y')
frame2.pack(side='right', fill='y')
one.pack(side='left', fill='y')
one_trim.pack(side='right', fill='y')
two.pack(side='top', pady=6)
toolbar.pack(side="top", fill="x")
toolframe.pack(side="top", fill='x', padx=4)
# ----- end/loop program & execute remnant functions -----
current_formula(y)
root.mainloop()
您问的是 Win32GUI。老实说，我不确定，但我认为这与 Windows API.
有关Cx_Freeze 文档提到了这一点：
版本 4.2.2（2010 年 12 月）
Use the Microsoft compiler on Windows for Python 2.6 and up as some strange behaviors were identified with Python 2.7 when compiled using mingw32.
Eliminate warning about -mwindows when using the Microsoft compiler for building the Win32GUI base executable.
MinGW 是 C 或 C++ 编译器。
使用 Windows API 是有意义的，因为它可以用于 hide the console of a program。
如果它确实使用了 Windows API 似乎维基百科已经给出了为什么它被称为“Win32GUI”的答案：
User Interface [9] Provides the functions to create and manage screen windows and most basic controls, such as buttons and scrollbars, receive mouse and keyboard input, and other functions associated with the graphical user interface (GUI) part of Windows. This functional unit resides in user.exe on 16-bit Windows, and user32.dll on 32-bit Windows. Since Windows XP versions, the basic controls reside in comctl32.dll, together with the common controls (Common Control Library).
所以基本上 GUI 看起来仍然是 32 位版本，即使对于 64 位计算机也是如此。因此，他们将其称为 Win32GUI，因为它是 32 位版本。 Cx_Freeze 开发人员不会冒险将其称为“Win64GUI”，以防创建 64 位版本 。