Swift 4 macOS App - 如何找到重要的用户目录？
Swift 4 macOS App - How to find the important users directories?
使用 Swift 4 让 macOS 应用程序查找重要的用户目录（如桌面、文档、下载等）的最简单方法是什么？
您可以使用 FileManager urls 方法
func urls(for directory: FileManager.SearchPathDirectory, in domainMask: FileManager.SearchPathDomainMask) -> [URL]
并为用户域掩码传递 FileManager.SearchPathDirectory .desktopDirectory、.documentDirectory 或 .downloadsDirectory 并获得返回的第一个 url：
let desktopDirectory = FileManager.default.urls(for: .desktopDirectory, in: .userDomainMask).first!
let documentDirectory = FileManager.default.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask).first!
let downloadsDirectory = FileManager.default.urls(for: .downloadsDirectory, in: .userDomainMask).first!
TLDR:
let desktopDir = try? FileManager.default.url(for: .desktopDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor: nil, create: false)
let documentDir = try? FileManager.default.url(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor: nil, create: false)
let downloadsDir = try? FileManager.default.url(for: .downloadsDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor: nil, create: false)
有两种方法可以获取这些信息，都来自FileManager class:
这个：
func urls(for directory: FileManager.SearchPathDirectory,
in domainMask: FileManager.SearchPathDomainMask) -> [URL]
Returns an array of URLs for the specified common directory in the requested domains. […] The directories are ordered according to the order of the domain mask constants, with items in the user domain first and items in the system domain last.
文档：https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/filemanager/1407726-urls
（@leo-dabus 的回答中已经提到）
还有这个：
（我更喜欢它，因为它更通用并且 returns 单个 URL）
func url(for directory: FileManager.SearchPathDirectory,
in domain: FileManager.SearchPathDomainMask,
appropriateFor url: URL?,
create shouldCreate: Bool) throws -> URL
Locates and optionally creates the specified common directory in a domain.
文档：https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/filemanager/1407693-url
对于任何一个：
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/filemanager.searchpathdomainmask 中定义的有效域是：
.userDomainMask: The user’s home directory—the place to install user’s personal items (~).
.localDomainMask: Local to the
current machine—the place to install items available to everyone on
this machine.
.networkDomainMask: Publicly available location in the
local area network—the place to install items available on the network
(/Network).
.systemDomainMask: Provided by Apple—can’t be modified (/System) .
.allDomainsMask: All domains.
directory参数有多种可能性，定义在https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/filemanager.searchpathdirectory:
.applicationDirectory: Supported applications (/Applications).
.demoApplicationDirectory: Unsupported applications and demonstration
versions.
.developerApplicationDirectory: Developer applications
(/Developer/Applications).
.adminApplicationDirectory System and
network administration applications.
.libraryDirectory: Various
user-visible documentation, support, and configuration files
(/Library).
.developerDirectory: Developer resources (/Developer).
.userDirectory: User home directories (/Users).
.documentationDirectory: Documentation.
.documentDirectory: Document directory.
.coreServiceDirectory: Location of core services
(System/Library/CoreServices).
.autosavedInformationDirectory:
Location of user’s autosaved documents (Library/Autosave Information).
.desktopDirectory: Location of user’s desktop directory.
.cachesDirectory: Location of discardable cache files (Library/Caches).
.applicationSupportDirectory: Location of application support files
(Library/Application Support).
.downloadsDirectory: Location of the
user’s downloads directory.
.inputMethodsDirectory: Location of
Input Methods (Library/Input Methods).
.moviesDirectory: Location of
user's Movies directory (~/Movies).
.musicDirectory: Location of
user's Music directory (~/Music).
.picturesDirectory: Location of
user's Pictures directory (~/Pictures).
.printerDescriptionDirectory: Location of system's PPDs directory
(Library/Printers/PPDs).
.sharedPublicDirectory: Location of user's
Public sharing directory (~/Public).
.preferencePanesDirectory:
Location of the PreferencePanes directory for use with System
Preferences (Library/PreferencePanes).
.applicationScriptsDirectory:
Location of the user scripts folder for the calling application
(~/Library/Application Scripts/),
.itemReplacementDirectory: Passed to the FileManager method
url(for:in:appropriateFor:create:) in order to create a temporary
directory.
.allApplicationsDirectory: All directories where
applications can occur.
.allLibrariesDirectory: All directories
where resources can occur.
.trashDirectory: Location of the trash
directory.
使用 Swift 4 让 macOS 应用程序查找重要的用户目录（如桌面、文档、下载等）的最简单方法是什么？
您可以使用 FileManager urls 方法
func urls(for directory: FileManager.SearchPathDirectory, in domainMask: FileManager.SearchPathDomainMask) -> [URL]
并为用户域掩码传递 FileManager.SearchPathDirectory .desktopDirectory、.documentDirectory 或 .downloadsDirectory 并获得返回的第一个 url：
let desktopDirectory = FileManager.default.urls(for: .desktopDirectory, in: .userDomainMask).first!
let documentDirectory = FileManager.default.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask).first!
let downloadsDirectory = FileManager.default.urls(for: .downloadsDirectory, in: .userDomainMask).first!
TLDR:
let desktopDir = try? FileManager.default.url(for: .desktopDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor: nil, create: false)
let documentDir = try? FileManager.default.url(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor: nil, create: false)
let downloadsDir = try? FileManager.default.url(for: .downloadsDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor: nil, create: false)
有两种方法可以获取这些信息，都来自FileManager class:
这个：
func urls(for directory: FileManager.SearchPathDirectory,
in domainMask: FileManager.SearchPathDomainMask) -> [URL]
Returns an array of URLs for the specified common directory in the requested domains. […] The directories are ordered according to the order of the domain mask constants, with items in the user domain first and items in the system domain last.
文档：https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/filemanager/1407726-urls
（@leo-dabus 的回答中已经提到）
还有这个：
（我更喜欢它，因为它更通用并且 returns 单个 URL）
func url(for directory: FileManager.SearchPathDirectory,
in domain: FileManager.SearchPathDomainMask,
appropriateFor url: URL?,
create shouldCreate: Bool) throws -> URL
Locates and optionally creates the specified common directory in a domain.
文档：https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/filemanager/1407693-url
对于任何一个：
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/filemanager.searchpathdomainmask 中定义的有效域是：
.userDomainMask: The user’s home directory—the place to install user’s personal items (~).
.localDomainMask: Local to the current machine—the place to install items available to everyone on this machine.
.networkDomainMask: Publicly available location in the local area network—the place to install items available on the network (/Network).
.systemDomainMask: Provided by Apple—can’t be modified (/System) .
.allDomainsMask: All domains.
directory参数有多种可能性，定义在https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/filemanager.searchpathdirectory:
.applicationDirectory: Supported applications (/Applications).
.demoApplicationDirectory: Unsupported applications and demonstration versions.
.developerApplicationDirectory: Developer applications (/Developer/Applications).
.adminApplicationDirectorySystem and network administration applications.
.libraryDirectory: Various user-visible documentation, support, and configuration files (/Library).
.developerDirectory: Developer resources (/Developer).
.userDirectory: User home directories (/Users).
.documentationDirectory: Documentation.
.documentDirectory: Document directory.
.coreServiceDirectory: Location of core services (System/Library/CoreServices).
.autosavedInformationDirectory: Location of user’s autosaved documents (Library/Autosave Information).
.desktopDirectory: Location of user’s desktop directory.
.cachesDirectory: Location of discardable cache files (Library/Caches).
.applicationSupportDirectory: Location of application support files (Library/Application Support).
.downloadsDirectory: Location of the user’s downloads directory.
.inputMethodsDirectory: Location of Input Methods (Library/Input Methods).
.moviesDirectory: Location of user's Movies directory (~/Movies).
.musicDirectory: Location of user's Music directory (~/Music).
.picturesDirectory: Location of user's Pictures directory (~/Pictures).
.printerDescriptionDirectory: Location of system's PPDs directory (Library/Printers/PPDs).
.sharedPublicDirectory: Location of user's Public sharing directory (~/Public).
.preferencePanesDirectory: Location of the PreferencePanes directory for use with System Preferences (Library/PreferencePanes).
.applicationScriptsDirectory: Location of the user scripts folder for the calling application (~/Library/Application Scripts/),
.itemReplacementDirectory: Passed to the FileManager methodurl(for:in:appropriateFor:create:)in order to create a temporary directory.
.allApplicationsDirectory: All directories where applications can occur.
.allLibrariesDirectory: All directories where resources can occur.
.trashDirectory: Location of the trash directory.