如何在 java 中围绕另一个移动物体旋转一个物体？

Question

我对 Java 很陌生，想编写一个简单的太阳系，其中月球绕地球旋转，地球绕太阳旋转。一切都很好，除了月亮不想正确移动：/ 由于地球偏离月球的初始位置，月球的自转半径相应地增加到那个距离。再次当地球靠近月球惯性位置时，自转半径减小。如果初始位置是（0;0），它有效但是月亮撞到太阳...

那么我怎样才能保持地球和月球之间的距离不变呢？我正在使用 AffineTransforms，这是我的代码片段 ;)

提前致谢！

Ellipse2D.Double MoonFrame = new Ellipse2D.Double(orbitEarth + orbitMoon - radiusMoon, -radiusMoon, radiusMoon*2, radiusMoon*2);

for (int i = 0; i < 360; i++)
  {
    theta += Math.PI/30;
    AffineTransform TransformMoon = AffineTransform.getRotateInstance(theta,TransformEarth.getTranslateX(),TransformEarth.getTranslateY());

    g2d.fill(TransformMond.createTransformedShape(MoonFrame));
  }

Answer 1

所以，您的基本问题归结为 "how do I find a point on a circle for a give angle" ...说真的，就这么简单

基于许多小时的谷歌搜索和反复试验，我基本上或多或少地使用以下内容。

protected Point pointOnCircle() {

    double rads = Math.toRadians(orbitAngle - 180); // Make 0 point out to the right...
    int fullLength = Math.round((outterRadius));

    // Calculate the outter point of the line
    int xPosy = Math.round((float) (Math.cos(rads) * fullLength));
    int yPosy = Math.round((float) (Math.sin(rads) * fullLength));

    return new Point(xPosy, yPosy);
}

剩下的基本上归结为正确处理转换的复合性质，

基本上，这需要一个基础 Graphics 上下文，对其应用转换（地球的位置）并创建另外两个上下文以应用额外的转换，一个用于地球，一个用于月球。 ..

Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
int yPos = (getHeight() - size) / 2;
// Transform the offset
g2d.transform(AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(xPos, yPos));

Graphics2D earthG = (Graphics2D) g2d.create();
// Rotate around the 0x0 point, this becomes the center point
earthG.transform(AffineTransform.getRotateInstance(Math.toRadians(angle)));
// Draw the "earth" around the center point
earthG.drawRect(-(size / 2), -(size / 2), size, size);
earthG.dispose();

// Removes the last transformation
Graphics2D moonG = (Graphics2D) g2d.create();            
// Calclate the point on the circle - based on the outterRadius or
// distance from the center point of the earth
Point poc = pointOnCircle();
int moonSize = size / 2;
// This is only a visial guide used to show the position of the earth
//moonG.drawOval(-outterRadius, -outterRadius, outterRadius * 2, outterRadius * 2);
moonG.fillOval(poc.x - (moonSize / 2), poc.y - (moonSize / 2), moonSize, moonSize);
moonG.dispose();

g2d.dispose();

而且因为我知道这会让你挠头，一个可运行的例子...

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.Timer;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Test();
    }

    public Test() {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                JFrame frame = new JFrame();
                frame.add(new TestPane());
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

    public class TestPane extends JPanel {

        private double angle;
        private double orbitAngle;
        private int xPos = 0;
        private int size = 20;
        private int outterRadius = size * 2;
        private int delta = 2;

        public TestPane() {
            new Timer(40, new ActionListener() {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    xPos += delta;
                    if (xPos + size >= getWidth()) {
                        xPos = getWidth() - size;
                        delta *= -1;
                    } else if (xPos < 0) {
                        xPos = 0;
                        delta *= -1;
                    }
                    angle += 4;
                    orbitAngle -= 2;
                    repaint();
                }
            }).start();
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            return new Dimension(400, 200);
        }

        protected Point pointOnCircle() {

            double rads = Math.toRadians(orbitAngle - 180); // Make 0 point out to the right...
            int fullLength = Math.round((outterRadius));

            // Calculate the outter point of the line
            int xPosy = Math.round((float) (Math.cos(rads) * fullLength));
            int yPosy = Math.round((float) (Math.sin(rads) * fullLength));

            return new Point(xPosy, yPosy);
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
            int yPos = (getHeight() - size) / 2;
            // Transform the offset
            g2d.transform(AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(xPos, yPos));

            Graphics2D earthG = (Graphics2D) g2d.create();
            // Rotate around the 0x0 point, this becomes the center point
            earthG.transform(AffineTransform.getRotateInstance(Math.toRadians(angle)));
            // Draw the "earth" around the center point
            earthG.drawRect(-(size / 2), -(size / 2), size, size);
            earthG.dispose();

            // Removes the last transformation
            Graphics2D moonG = (Graphics2D) g2d.create();            
            // Calclate the point on the circle - based on the outterRadius or
            // distance from the center point of the earth
            Point poc = pointOnCircle();
            int moonSize = size / 2;
            // This is only a visial guide used to show the position of the earth
            //moonG.drawOval(-outterRadius, -outterRadius, outterRadius * 2, outterRadius * 2);
            moonG.fillOval(poc.x - (moonSize / 2), poc.y - (moonSize / 2), moonSize, moonSize);
            moonG.dispose();

            g2d.dispose();
        }

    }

}

这会移动一个 "Earth" 物体，该物体沿一个方向旋转，然后绕着它旋转月亮，沿相反方向旋转

Answer 2

您可以通过串联转换来简化数学运算。从最后一个转换倒退到第一个，或使用 preConcatenate 以更自然的顺序构建它们。

从简单的变换组成复杂的变换，例如通过平移和旋转构建轨道变换：

// Earth transform.
// Set the orbital radius to 1/3rd the panel width
AffineTransform earthTx = AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(getWidth() / 3, 0);
// Rotate
earthTx.preConcatenate(AffineTransform.getRotateInstance(angle));

之后的变换（例如，月球绕地球运行）可以建立在之前的结果之上：

// Moon transform.
// Set the orbital radius to 1/10th the panel width
AffineTransform moonTx = AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(getWidth() / 10, 0);
// Rotate
moonTx.preConcatenate(AffineTransform.getRotateInstance(angle));
// Add the earth transform 
moonTx.preConcatenate(earthTx);

完整示例：

public class Orbit {

    public static class OrbitPanel extends JComponent {
        int width;
        int height;

        public OrbitPanel(int width, int height) {
            this.width = width;
            this.height = height;
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            return new Dimension(width, height);
        }

        @Override
        public void paint(Graphics g) {
            Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
            g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);

            // Clear the background.
            g2.setColor(getBackground());
            g2.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());

            // Sun transform. Just centre it in the window.
            AffineTransform sunTx = AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(getWidth() / 2, getHeight() / 2);

            // Draw the sun
            g2.setTransform(sunTx);
            drawBody(g2, 30, Color.YELLOW);

            // Orbital period.
            // One rotation every 10s.
            double percentRotation = System.currentTimeMillis() % 10000 / 10000.0;
            // To radians.
            double angle = Math.PI * 2 * percentRotation;

            // Earth transform.
            // Set the orbital radius to 1/3rd the panel width
            AffineTransform earthTx = AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(getWidth() / 3, 0);
            // Rotate
            earthTx.preConcatenate(AffineTransform.getRotateInstance(angle));
            // Add the sun transform
            earthTx.preConcatenate(sunTx);

            // Draw the earth
            g2.setTransform(earthTx);
            drawBody(g2, 10, Color.BLUE);

            // Moon transform.
            // Set the orbital radius to 1/10th the panel width
            AffineTransform moonTx = AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(getWidth() / 10, 0);
            // Rotate
            moonTx.preConcatenate(AffineTransform.getRotateInstance(angle));
            // Add the earth transform (already includes the sun transform)
            moonTx.preConcatenate(earthTx);

            // Draw the moon
            g2.setTransform(moonTx);
            drawBody(g2, 5, Color.DARK_GRAY);
        }

        private void drawBody(Graphics2D g2, int size, Color color) {
            g2.setColor(color);
            g2.fillOval(-size / 2, -size / 2, size, size);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Orbit");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        JComponent orbitPanel = new OrbitPanel(250, 250);
        frame.add(orbitPanel);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);

        while (true) {
            Thread.sleep(20);
            orbitPanel.repaint();
        }
    }
}

如何在 java 中围绕另一个移动物体旋转一个物体？

How to rotate an object around another moving object in java?

java

rotation

affinetransform