从 Python 调用用 Prolog 编写的执行程序
Call an executive written in Prolog from Python
我有一个用 Prolog 编写的 exe 文件。当我 运行 它时，它起作用了。我需要从 Python 脚本启动它，但在这里出现错误。
当我使用 system("PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe") 我得到
Exception in module: planner.exe
c:\program files\visual prolog 7.4 pe\pfc\exception\exception.pro(229) : error r000
当我使用 execfile("PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe") 我得到
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "main.py", line 29, in <module>
execfile("PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe")
File "PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe", line 1
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\x8b' in file PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe on line 2, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details
我做错了什么？提前致谢！
P.S。这是我在 Prolog
中的代码
implement shift
open core, console, list, file, string
constants
className = "shift/shift".
classVersion = "".
clauses
classInfo(className, classVersion).
domains
obj=char.
block=obj.
state=on(block, obj); clear(obj).
action=action(obj From, block Block, obj To).
class facts
isObj:(char).
isBlock:(char).
clauses
isBlock('a').
isBlock('b').
isBlock('c').
isObj('1').
isObj('2').
isObj('3').
isObj('a').
isObj('b').
isObj('c').
class predicates
can : (action, state* Condition) determ (i,o).
clauses
can(action(From, Block, To), C):-
C = [clear(To),clear(Block),on(Block, From)],
write("!!! ", C),nl,
if isMember(clear('c'), C) then
write("@@@")
end if,
To <> Block,
From <> To,
Block <> From.
class predicates
plan : (state* State, state* Goals , state* ProtectedGoals, action* Plan, state* FinalState)
nondeterm (i,i,i,o,o).
clauses
plan(State, Goals, _, [], State):-
% write("!!State: ", State, " Goals: ", Goals),nl,
satisfied(State, Goals),
%write("yes"),nl,
!.
plan(State, Goals, Protected, Plan, FinalState):-
select(State, Goals, Goal),
write("State: ", State, " Goals: ", Goals, " Goal: ", Goal), nl,
achieves(Action, Goal, State),
%write("Action: ", Action, "Goal: ", Goal), nl,
write("Action: ", Action), nl,
preserves(Action, Protected),
can(Action, Condition),
% write(" Condition: ", Condition), nl,
plan(State, Condition, Protected, Preplan, Midstate1),
%write("Midstate1: ", Midstate1),nl,
Midstate2 = apply(Midstate1, Action),
%write("Action: ", Action, " Midstate2: ", Midstate2), nl,
plan(Midstate2, Goals, [Goal|Protected], Postplan, FinalState),
conc(Preplan, Action, Postplan, Plan).
class predicates
preserves : (action, state*) determ.
clauses
preserves(_, []) :- !.
preserves(action(From, Block, To), [Goal|Goals]) :-
Goal <> on(Block, From),
Goal <> clear(To),
preserves(action(From, Block, To), Goals).
class predicates
apply : (state*, action) -> state*.
clauses
apply([], _) = [] :- !.
apply([clear(To)|State], action(From, Block, To)) = [clear(From)|apply(State, action(From, Block, To))] :- !.
apply([S|State], action(From, Block, To)) = [S1|apply(State, action(From, Block, To))] :-
S = on(Block, From),
S1 = on(Block, To),
!.
apply([S|State], Action) = [S|apply(State, Action)].
class predicates
achieves : (action, state Goal, state* State) nondeterm (o,i, i).
clauses
achieves(action(Object, B, To), clear(Object), State) :-
isBlock(B),
isObj(To),
Object <> B,
Object <> To,
B <> To,
isMember(on(B, Object), State),
isMember(clear(To), State).
achieves(action(From, Block, Object), on(Block, Object), State) :-
isObj(From),
From <> Block,
From <> Object,
isMember(on(Block, From), State).
class predicates
select : (state*, state*, state) nondeterm (i,i,o).
clauses
select(State, Goals, Goal) :-
list::memberIndex_nd(Goal, _, Goals),
not(isMember(Goal, State)). % цель не достигнута
class predicates
satisfied : (state*, state* Goals) determ.
clauses
satisfied(_State, []) :- !.
satisfied(State, [H|Goals]) :-
write("Satisfied State: ", State, " H: ", H), nl,
if H = clear('c') then
write("sdfg"),nl
end if,
isMember(H, State),
write("yes"),nl,
satisfied(State, Goals).
class predicates
conc : (action*, action, action*, action*) nondeterm (i,i,i,o).
clauses
conc([], Action, [], [Action]).
conc([], Action, Plan, [Action|Plan]).
conc([H|Preplan], Action, Postplan, [H|Plan]) :-
conc(Preplan, Action, Postplan, Plan).
class predicates
toStates : (string*) -> state* determ.
clauses
toStates([]) = [] :- !.
toStates([H|S]) = L :-
H1 = toTerm(state, H),
L = [H1|toStates(S)].
class predicates
optimize : (action*) -> action*.
clauses
optimize([]) = [] :- !.
optimize([A]) = [A] :- !.
optimize([A1|[A2| Tail]]) = optimize([A3|Tail]) :-
A1 = action(From, O, To1),
A2 = action(To1, O, To2),
!,
A3 = action(From, O, To2).
optimize([H|T]) = [H|optimize(T)].
clauses
run():-
(Start = toStates(split(readString("start.txt"), ";")),
write(Start),
Goals= toStates(split(readString("goals.txt"), ";")),
plan(Start, Goals, [], Plan, _),
PlanO = optimize(Plan),
write("Plan: ", PlanO),nl,
writeString("plan.txt", toString(PlanO)),
!,
_ = readLine());
write("It didn't work out!"),
_=readline().
end implement shift
\字符在字符串中比较特殊。你是说使用 \E 字符和 \p 字符。您需要将斜杠加倍为 \ 以将其转义以获得文字 \ 字符。
execfile肯定是错的；它用于执行另一个 Python 源代码文件； os.system 确实有效，但在这种情况下无效，所以我不推荐它。出现错误是因为当前工作目录或planner.exe的cwd错误。你想在执行它之前chdir到它的目录。
您想要的是 subprocess.call 及其 cwd 参数：
import subprocess
impot os
path = r'PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe'
exe = os.path.basename(path)
cwd = os.path.dirname(path)
subprocess.call([exe], cwd=cwd)
exe 将设置为 path - 'planner.exe' 的基本名称； cwd 将包含它的文件夹部分，或 r'PLANNER\Exe'。现在subprocess.call会先把工作目录改成相对于当前工作目录的PLANNER\Exe，运行planner.exe
如果你想让脚本工作得更稳健，无论在任何目录中调用它自己都可以工作，你可以使用__file__找到脚本本身的目录并找到PLANNER文件夹相对对它：
import subprocess
impot os
relpath = r'PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe'
path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), relpath)
exe = os.path.basename(path)
cwd = os.path.dirname(path)
subprocess.call([exe], cwd=cwd)
（还有 see this question 关于如何在 Python 中表示路径名）
我有一个用 Prolog 编写的 exe 文件。当我 运行 它时，它起作用了。我需要从 Python 脚本启动它，但在这里出现错误。
当我使用 system("PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe") 我得到
Exception in module: planner.exe
c:\program files\visual prolog 7.4 pe\pfc\exception\exception.pro(229) : error r000
当我使用 execfile("PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe") 我得到
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "main.py", line 29, in <module>
execfile("PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe")
File "PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe", line 1
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\x8b' in file PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe on line 2, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details
我做错了什么？提前致谢！
P.S。这是我在 Prolog
中的代码implement shift
open core, console, list, file, string
constants
className = "shift/shift".
classVersion = "".
clauses
classInfo(className, classVersion).
domains
obj=char.
block=obj.
state=on(block, obj); clear(obj).
action=action(obj From, block Block, obj To).
class facts
isObj:(char).
isBlock:(char).
clauses
isBlock('a').
isBlock('b').
isBlock('c').
isObj('1').
isObj('2').
isObj('3').
isObj('a').
isObj('b').
isObj('c').
class predicates
can : (action, state* Condition) determ (i,o).
clauses
can(action(From, Block, To), C):-
C = [clear(To),clear(Block),on(Block, From)],
write("!!! ", C),nl,
if isMember(clear('c'), C) then
write("@@@")
end if,
To <> Block,
From <> To,
Block <> From.
class predicates
plan : (state* State, state* Goals , state* ProtectedGoals, action* Plan, state* FinalState)
nondeterm (i,i,i,o,o).
clauses
plan(State, Goals, _, [], State):-
% write("!!State: ", State, " Goals: ", Goals),nl,
satisfied(State, Goals),
%write("yes"),nl,
!.
plan(State, Goals, Protected, Plan, FinalState):-
select(State, Goals, Goal),
write("State: ", State, " Goals: ", Goals, " Goal: ", Goal), nl,
achieves(Action, Goal, State),
%write("Action: ", Action, "Goal: ", Goal), nl,
write("Action: ", Action), nl,
preserves(Action, Protected),
can(Action, Condition),
% write(" Condition: ", Condition), nl,
plan(State, Condition, Protected, Preplan, Midstate1),
%write("Midstate1: ", Midstate1),nl,
Midstate2 = apply(Midstate1, Action),
%write("Action: ", Action, " Midstate2: ", Midstate2), nl,
plan(Midstate2, Goals, [Goal|Protected], Postplan, FinalState),
conc(Preplan, Action, Postplan, Plan).
class predicates
preserves : (action, state*) determ.
clauses
preserves(_, []) :- !.
preserves(action(From, Block, To), [Goal|Goals]) :-
Goal <> on(Block, From),
Goal <> clear(To),
preserves(action(From, Block, To), Goals).
class predicates
apply : (state*, action) -> state*.
clauses
apply([], _) = [] :- !.
apply([clear(To)|State], action(From, Block, To)) = [clear(From)|apply(State, action(From, Block, To))] :- !.
apply([S|State], action(From, Block, To)) = [S1|apply(State, action(From, Block, To))] :-
S = on(Block, From),
S1 = on(Block, To),
!.
apply([S|State], Action) = [S|apply(State, Action)].
class predicates
achieves : (action, state Goal, state* State) nondeterm (o,i, i).
clauses
achieves(action(Object, B, To), clear(Object), State) :-
isBlock(B),
isObj(To),
Object <> B,
Object <> To,
B <> To,
isMember(on(B, Object), State),
isMember(clear(To), State).
achieves(action(From, Block, Object), on(Block, Object), State) :-
isObj(From),
From <> Block,
From <> Object,
isMember(on(Block, From), State).
class predicates
select : (state*, state*, state) nondeterm (i,i,o).
clauses
select(State, Goals, Goal) :-
list::memberIndex_nd(Goal, _, Goals),
not(isMember(Goal, State)). % цель не достигнута
class predicates
satisfied : (state*, state* Goals) determ.
clauses
satisfied(_State, []) :- !.
satisfied(State, [H|Goals]) :-
write("Satisfied State: ", State, " H: ", H), nl,
if H = clear('c') then
write("sdfg"),nl
end if,
isMember(H, State),
write("yes"),nl,
satisfied(State, Goals).
class predicates
conc : (action*, action, action*, action*) nondeterm (i,i,i,o).
clauses
conc([], Action, [], [Action]).
conc([], Action, Plan, [Action|Plan]).
conc([H|Preplan], Action, Postplan, [H|Plan]) :-
conc(Preplan, Action, Postplan, Plan).
class predicates
toStates : (string*) -> state* determ.
clauses
toStates([]) = [] :- !.
toStates([H|S]) = L :-
H1 = toTerm(state, H),
L = [H1|toStates(S)].
class predicates
optimize : (action*) -> action*.
clauses
optimize([]) = [] :- !.
optimize([A]) = [A] :- !.
optimize([A1|[A2| Tail]]) = optimize([A3|Tail]) :-
A1 = action(From, O, To1),
A2 = action(To1, O, To2),
!,
A3 = action(From, O, To2).
optimize([H|T]) = [H|optimize(T)].
clauses
run():-
(Start = toStates(split(readString("start.txt"), ";")),
write(Start),
Goals= toStates(split(readString("goals.txt"), ";")),
plan(Start, Goals, [], Plan, _),
PlanO = optimize(Plan),
write("Plan: ", PlanO),nl,
writeString("plan.txt", toString(PlanO)),
!,
_ = readLine());
write("It didn't work out!"),
_=readline().
end implement shift
\字符在字符串中比较特殊。你是说使用 \E 字符和 \p 字符。您需要将斜杠加倍为 \ 以将其转义以获得文字 \ 字符。
execfile肯定是错的；它用于执行另一个 Python 源代码文件； os.system 确实有效，但在这种情况下无效，所以我不推荐它。出现错误是因为当前工作目录或planner.exe的cwd错误。你想在执行它之前chdir到它的目录。
您想要的是 subprocess.call 及其 cwd 参数：
import subprocess
impot os
path = r'PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe'
exe = os.path.basename(path)
cwd = os.path.dirname(path)
subprocess.call([exe], cwd=cwd)
exe 将设置为 path - 'planner.exe' 的基本名称； cwd 将包含它的文件夹部分，或 r'PLANNER\Exe'。现在subprocess.call会先把工作目录改成相对于当前工作目录的PLANNER\Exe，运行planner.exe
如果你想让脚本工作得更稳健，无论在任何目录中调用它自己都可以工作，你可以使用__file__找到脚本本身的目录并找到PLANNER文件夹相对对它：
import subprocess
impot os
relpath = r'PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe'
path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), relpath)
exe = os.path.basename(path)
cwd = os.path.dirname(path)
subprocess.call([exe], cwd=cwd)
（还有 see this question 关于如何在 Python 中表示路径名）