C++ 抛出未知异常类型,但仅在生产构建中

C++ throws an unknown exception type, but only in production build

我是 C++ 的新手,一直在做一个小项目,但我 运行 遇到了一些绊脚石。我有一个指针映射,我需要能够将存储的指针转换为适当的子类指针。这是导致问题的代码段:

std::map<int, noise::module::Module *> moduleInstance;

// ...

// This is a valid id set earlier
std::cout << id << std::endl;

// This is the same address as an instance of noise::module::Constant 
// created earlier
std::cout << moduleInstance[id] << std::endl;

// This works, and is a value set by the subclass, so it exists and is 
// being instantiated correctly.
std::cout << moduleInstance[id]->sourceModuleCount << std::endl;

noise::module::Constant *constantModule;

try {
    constantModule = dynamic_cast<noise::module::Constant *>(moduleInstance[id]);
} catch(const std::runtime_error& re) {
    std::cout << "Runtime error: " << re.what() << std::endl;
} catch (const std::exception& ex) {
    std::cout << "Error occurred: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
} catch (...) {
    std::cout << "Unknown error" << std::endl;
}

// This is a random address unless built with --debug
std::cout << constantModule << std::endl;

// This also works fine with --debug
if (constantModule == nullptr)
{
    std::string err = "Module id '" + std::to_string(id) + "' is not an instance of ConstantModule.";
    Nan::ThrowReferenceError(Nan::New(err).ToLocalChecked());
    return;
}

根据我读过的内容,如果有问题,这应该通过将指针设置为空指针来失败。但是,当我 运行 一个生产版本时,它会打印 Unknown error,并且无法恢复。如果我使用 --debug 标志进行构建,它(显然)可以完美地工作。

我该如何调试呢?到目前为止,我什至无法告诉 抛出什么 错误,更不用说 为什么 。即使只是能够找到错误的名称也是一个有用的起点。


编辑以添加(非)工作示例:

main.cc

#include <assert.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <nan.h>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class SuperClass
{
  public:
    SuperClass()
    {
    }

    virtual int virtualMethod() = 0;
};

class SubClassA : public SuperClass
{
  public:
    SubClassA() : SuperClass()
    {
    }

    int virtualMethod()
    {
        return 3;
    }
};

class SubClassB : public SuperClass
{
  public:
    SubClassB() : SuperClass()
    {
    }

    int virtualMethod()
    {
        return 4;
    }
};

std::map<int, SuperClass *> instanceMap;

void Run(const Nan::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value> &info)
{
    SubClassA *subClassAInstance = new SubClassA();
    SubClassB *subClassBInstance = new SubClassB();

    instanceMap[0] = subClassAInstance;
    instanceMap[1] = subClassBInstance;

    SubClassB *subClassPtr;

    try {
        subClassPtr = dynamic_cast<SubClassB *>(instanceMap[1]);
    } catch (...) {
        cout << "Unknown error" << endl;
        return;
    }

    if (subClassPtr == nullptr)
    {
        cout << "Not an instance of SubClassB" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        assert(subClassPtr->virtualMethod() == 4);
        cout << "Addon done" << endl;
    }
}

void Init(v8::Local<v8::Object> exports)
{
    exports->Set(
        Nan::New("run").ToLocalChecked(),
        Nan::New<v8::FunctionTemplate>(Run)->GetFunction());
}

NODE_MODULE(addon, Init)

binding.gyp

{
    "targets": [
        {
            "target_name": "addon",
            "sources": [
                "./main.cc"
            ],
            "include_dirs": [
                "<!(node -e \"require('nan')\")"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

main.js

const addon = require('bindings')('addon');

addon.run();

console.log('JS Done');

设置

npm init -y
npm i --save bindings nan
node-gyp configure

运行

node-gyp rebuild && node ./main

正如 Mark 在评论中所注意到的,RTTI 在 node-gyp 构建环境中被关闭。此外,似乎(至少在 windows 上)您无法使用 binding.gyp 覆盖该设置。解决方法是通过在 'target_defaults' -> 'configurations' -> 'Release' -> 'msvs_settings' -> 'VCCLCompilerTool'.

下将 'RuntimeTypeInfo' 设置为 'true' 来直接编辑 C:\Users\<user>\.node-gyp\<version>\include\node\common.gypi

这不是一个很好的解决方案,因此我重构了代码,以便能够使用 static_cast,而不是通过为每个子类设置类型 属性 具有唯一值。