扩展 Django 1.11 用户模型
Extending the Django 1.11 User Model
我正在尝试研究如何扩展 Django 用户模型以向用户添加信息。我似乎无法让它工作。我究竟做错了什么?
在我要扩展到的同一模型中有外键可以吗?如何创建超级用户,还是必须通过 python manage.py shell
?
手动创建
到目前为止,这是我的代码:
class PersonModel(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
firstName = models.CharField(max_length=50)
lastName = models.CharField(max_length=50)
company = models.ForeignKey(CompanyModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
phone = models.ForeignKey(PhoneModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
email = models.EmailField(blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return '%s %s - %s - %s, %s' % (self.firstName, self.lastName,
self.company, self.phone, self.email
)
class Meta:
ordering = ['firstName']
verbose_name = "Customer Contact Information"
#verbose_name_plural = "Contacts"
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if created:
PersonModel.objects.create(user=instance)
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def save_user_profile(sender, instance, **kwargs):
instance.profile.save()
更新(最终):
在 raratiru 的帮助下,我基本上能够完成他分享的脚本。由于我的外键要求,我仍然很难创建超级用户。
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
AbstractBaseUser,
PermissionsMixin,
BaseUserManager,
)
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from customers import models as customers_models
class TravelModel(models.Model):
mileageRate = models.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=3)
def __str__(self):
return '%s' % (self.mileageRate)
class Meta:
verbose_name = "Current Federal Milage Rate"
#verbose_name_plural = "Milage"
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, firstName, lastName, company, phone, password=None, **kwargs):
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **kwargs)
user.firstName = firstName
user.lastName = lastName
user.company = company
user.phone = phone
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, email, firstName, lastName, password=None, **kwargs):
#user = self.create_user(**kwargs)
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **kwargs)
user.firstName = firstName
user.lastName = lastName
user.set_password(password)
user.is_superuser = True
user.is_staff = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
class AliasField(models.Field):
def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name, virtual_only=False):
super().contribute_to_class(cls, name, virtual_only=True)
setattr(cls, name, self)
def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None):
return getattr(instance, self.db_column)
class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
firstName = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=False, null=False)
lastName = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=False, null=False)
company = models.ForeignKey(customers_models.CompanyModel, on_delete=models.PROTECT, null=False)
phone = models.ForeignKey(customers_models.PhoneModel, on_delete=models.PROTECT, null=False)
email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), max_length=255, unique=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(
_('staff status'),
default=False,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether the user can log into this admin '
'site.'
)
)
is_active = models.BooleanField(
_('active'),
default=True,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether this user should be treated as '
'active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'
)
)
username = AliasField(db_column='email')
objects = UserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['firstName','lastName',]
class Meta(object):
ordering = ['firstName']
verbose_name = _('Contact')
verbose_name_plural = _('Contacts')
def __str__(self):
return '%s - %s %s - %s - %s' % (self.company, self.firstName, self.lastName, self.email, self.phone)
def get_full_name(self):
return self.email
def get_short_name(self):
return self.email
def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs):
"""
Sends an email to this User.
"""
send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email], **kwargs)
为了避免外键冲突,最简单的解决方案是在创建超级用户之前删除 null=False 要求 - 分配一个公司并在之后 phone - 然后将 null 设置回 false。
这就是我扩展用户模型的方式。以下代码还将用户名替换为电子邮件字段。我发布它是因为它会导致核心更改,因此它阐明了背后的逻辑。
可以在 this post. A very nice post can also be found here 中找到并解释基本思想。
本例中的 AliasField 创建字段 username
作为 email
的别名。虽然这不是必需的,因为 django 已经记录了查找用户模型及其相关字段的 proper way。
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
AbstractBaseUser,
PermissionsMixin,
BaseUserManager,
)
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, password=None, **kwargs):
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **kwargs)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, **kwargs):
user = self.create_user(**kwargs)
user.is_superuser = True
user.is_staff = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
class AliasField(models.Field):
def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name, private_only=False):
super().contribute_to_class(cls, name, private_only=True)
setattr(cls, name, self)
def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None):
return getattr(instance, self.db_column)
class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
custom_field = models.ForeignKey(
'app.Model',
on_delete=models.PROTECT,
)
email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), max_length=255, unique=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(
_('staff status'),
default=False,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether the user can log into this admin '
'site.'
)
)
is_active = models.BooleanField(
_('active'),
default=True,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether this user should be treated as '
'active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'
)
)
username = AliasField(db_column='email')
objects = UserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['user_branch_key', ]
class Meta(object):
ordering = ['email']
verbose_name = _('My User')
verbose_name_plural = _('My User')
def __str__(self):
return 'id: {0} - {1}, {2}'.format(self.id, self.email, self.user_branch_key)
def get_full_name(self):
return self.email
def get_short_name(self):
return self.email
def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs):
"""
Sends an email to this User.
"""
send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email], **kwargs)
一旦您扩展了您的用户模型,例如在文件 ./the_user/models.py
中名称为 the_user
的应用程序中,您必须在 settings.py
文件中进行一些更改:
- 在
INSTALLED_APPS
中注册应用程序
./manage.py makemigrations
&& ./manage.py migrate
- 按照the docs
中所述设置AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'the_user.MyUser
这样,在另一个模型中你可以添加一个外键如下:
from the_user.models import MyUser
from django.conf import settings
from django.db import models
class AModel(models.Model)
user = models.ForeignKey(
settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL,
on_delete=models.PROTECT,
related_name='%(app_label)s_%(class)s_user'
)
我正在尝试研究如何扩展 Django 用户模型以向用户添加信息。我似乎无法让它工作。我究竟做错了什么?
在我要扩展到的同一模型中有外键可以吗?如何创建超级用户,还是必须通过 python manage.py shell
?
到目前为止,这是我的代码:
class PersonModel(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
firstName = models.CharField(max_length=50)
lastName = models.CharField(max_length=50)
company = models.ForeignKey(CompanyModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
phone = models.ForeignKey(PhoneModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
email = models.EmailField(blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return '%s %s - %s - %s, %s' % (self.firstName, self.lastName,
self.company, self.phone, self.email
)
class Meta:
ordering = ['firstName']
verbose_name = "Customer Contact Information"
#verbose_name_plural = "Contacts"
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user_profile(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if created:
PersonModel.objects.create(user=instance)
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def save_user_profile(sender, instance, **kwargs):
instance.profile.save()
更新(最终): 在 raratiru 的帮助下,我基本上能够完成他分享的脚本。由于我的外键要求,我仍然很难创建超级用户。
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
AbstractBaseUser,
PermissionsMixin,
BaseUserManager,
)
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from customers import models as customers_models
class TravelModel(models.Model):
mileageRate = models.DecimalField(max_digits=4, decimal_places=3)
def __str__(self):
return '%s' % (self.mileageRate)
class Meta:
verbose_name = "Current Federal Milage Rate"
#verbose_name_plural = "Milage"
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, firstName, lastName, company, phone, password=None, **kwargs):
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **kwargs)
user.firstName = firstName
user.lastName = lastName
user.company = company
user.phone = phone
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, email, firstName, lastName, password=None, **kwargs):
#user = self.create_user(**kwargs)
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **kwargs)
user.firstName = firstName
user.lastName = lastName
user.set_password(password)
user.is_superuser = True
user.is_staff = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
class AliasField(models.Field):
def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name, virtual_only=False):
super().contribute_to_class(cls, name, virtual_only=True)
setattr(cls, name, self)
def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None):
return getattr(instance, self.db_column)
class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
firstName = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=False, null=False)
lastName = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=False, null=False)
company = models.ForeignKey(customers_models.CompanyModel, on_delete=models.PROTECT, null=False)
phone = models.ForeignKey(customers_models.PhoneModel, on_delete=models.PROTECT, null=False)
email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), max_length=255, unique=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(
_('staff status'),
default=False,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether the user can log into this admin '
'site.'
)
)
is_active = models.BooleanField(
_('active'),
default=True,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether this user should be treated as '
'active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'
)
)
username = AliasField(db_column='email')
objects = UserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['firstName','lastName',]
class Meta(object):
ordering = ['firstName']
verbose_name = _('Contact')
verbose_name_plural = _('Contacts')
def __str__(self):
return '%s - %s %s - %s - %s' % (self.company, self.firstName, self.lastName, self.email, self.phone)
def get_full_name(self):
return self.email
def get_short_name(self):
return self.email
def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs):
"""
Sends an email to this User.
"""
send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email], **kwargs)
为了避免外键冲突,最简单的解决方案是在创建超级用户之前删除 null=False 要求 - 分配一个公司并在之后 phone - 然后将 null 设置回 false。
这就是我扩展用户模型的方式。以下代码还将用户名替换为电子邮件字段。我发布它是因为它会导致核心更改,因此它阐明了背后的逻辑。
可以在 this post. A very nice post can also be found here 中找到并解释基本思想。
本例中的 AliasField 创建字段 username
作为 email
的别名。虽然这不是必需的,因为 django 已经记录了查找用户模型及其相关字段的 proper way。
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
AbstractBaseUser,
PermissionsMixin,
BaseUserManager,
)
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
def create_user(self, email, password=None, **kwargs):
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **kwargs)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_superuser(self, **kwargs):
user = self.create_user(**kwargs)
user.is_superuser = True
user.is_staff = True
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
class AliasField(models.Field):
def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name, private_only=False):
super().contribute_to_class(cls, name, private_only=True)
setattr(cls, name, self)
def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None):
return getattr(instance, self.db_column)
class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
custom_field = models.ForeignKey(
'app.Model',
on_delete=models.PROTECT,
)
email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), max_length=255, unique=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField(
_('staff status'),
default=False,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether the user can log into this admin '
'site.'
)
)
is_active = models.BooleanField(
_('active'),
default=True,
help_text=_(
'Designates whether this user should be treated as '
'active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'
)
)
username = AliasField(db_column='email')
objects = UserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['user_branch_key', ]
class Meta(object):
ordering = ['email']
verbose_name = _('My User')
verbose_name_plural = _('My User')
def __str__(self):
return 'id: {0} - {1}, {2}'.format(self.id, self.email, self.user_branch_key)
def get_full_name(self):
return self.email
def get_short_name(self):
return self.email
def email_user(self, subject, message, from_email=None, **kwargs):
"""
Sends an email to this User.
"""
send_mail(subject, message, from_email, [self.email], **kwargs)
一旦您扩展了您的用户模型,例如在文件 ./the_user/models.py
中名称为 the_user
的应用程序中,您必须在 settings.py
文件中进行一些更改:
- 在
INSTALLED_APPS
中注册应用程序
./manage.py makemigrations
&&./manage.py migrate
- 按照the docs 中所述设置
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'the_user.MyUser
这样,在另一个模型中你可以添加一个外键如下:
from the_user.models import MyUser
from django.conf import settings
from django.db import models
class AModel(models.Model)
user = models.ForeignKey(
settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL,
on_delete=models.PROTECT,
related_name='%(app_label)s_%(class)s_user'
)