在具有特定 属性 的列表中仅存在一项的 Hamcrest 测试

Testing in Hamcrest that exists only one item in a list with a specific property

使用 Hamcrest,我们可以轻松地测试列表中是否存在 至少一个 项具有特定 属性,例如

List<Pojo> myList = ....

MatcherAssert.assertThat(myList, Matchers.hasItem(Matchers.<Pojo>hasProperty("fieldName", Matchers.equalTo("A funny string")))));

其中 class Pojo 类似于:

public class Pojo{
  private String fieldName;
}

很好,但是我如何检查列表中是否只有一个对象具有特定属性?

您可能需要为此编写自己的匹配器。 (我更喜欢 fest assertions 和 Mockito,但过去常常使用 Hamcrest...)

例如...

import org.hamcrest.Description;
import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
import org.hamcrest.core.IsCollectionContaining;

public final class CustomMatchers {

    public static <T> Matcher<Iterable<? super T>> exactlyNItems(final int n, Matcher<? super T> elementMatcher) {
        return new IsCollectionContaining<T>(elementMatcher) {
            @Override
            protected boolean matchesSafely(Iterable<? super T> collection, Description mismatchDescription) {
                int count = 0;
                boolean isPastFirst = false;

                for (Object item : collection) {

                    if (elementMatcher.matches(item)) {
                        count++;
                    }
                    if (isPastFirst) {
                        mismatchDescription.appendText(", ");
                    }
                    elementMatcher.describeMismatch(item, mismatchDescription);
                    isPastFirst = true;
                }

                if (count != n) {
                    mismatchDescription.appendText(". Expected exactly " + n + " but got " + count);
                }
                return count == n;
            }
        };
    }
}

您现在可以做...

    List<TestClass> list = Arrays.asList(new TestClass("Hello"), new TestClass("World"), new TestClass("Hello"));

    assertThat(list, CustomMatchers.exactlyNItems(2, hasProperty("s", equalTo("Hello"))));

列表为...时的示例失败输出...

    List<TestClass> list = Arrays.asList(new TestClass("Hello"), new TestClass("World"));

...将会...

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.AssertionError: 
Expected: a collection containing hasProperty("s", "Hello")
     but: , property 's' was "World". Expected exactly 2 but got 1

(您可能需要稍微自定义一下)

顺便说一下,"TestClass" 是...

public static class TestClass {
    String s;

    public TestClass(String s) {
        this.s = s;
    }

    public String getS() {
        return s;
    }
}

Matchers.hasItems 专门检查您提供的项目是否存在于集合中,您要查找的是 Matchers.contains 以确保 2 个集合基本相同 - 或者在您的集合中情况下,相当于根据提供

您还可以使用 Predicate<Pojo>filter:

Predicate<Pojo> predicate = pojo -> pojo.getField().equals("funny string");

long nrOfElementsSatisfyingPredicate = myList.stream()
                                      .filter(predicate::test)
                                      .count();

assertEquals(1, nrOfElementsSatisfyingPredicate);