遍历 openpyxl 中只读工作簿中的列

Iterate through columns in Read-only workbook in openpyxl

我有一个有点大的 .xlsx 文件 - 19 列,5185 行。我想打开文件,读取一列中的所有值,对这些值执行一些操作,然后在同一工作簿中创建一个新列并写出修改后的值。因此,我需要能够在同一个文件中读写。

我的原始代码是这样做的:

def readExcel(doc):
    wb = load_workbook(generalpath + exppath + doc)
    ws = wb["Sheet1"]

    # iterate through the columns to find the correct one
    for col in ws.iter_cols(min_row=1, max_row=1):
        for mycell in col:
            if mycell.value == "PerceivedSound.RESP":
                origCol = mycell.column

    # get the column letter for the first empty column to output the new values
    newCol = utils.get_column_letter(ws.max_column+1)

    # iterate through the rows to get the value from the original column,
    # do something to that value, and output it in the new column
    for myrow in range(2, ws.max_row+1):
        myrow = str(myrow)
        # do some stuff to make the new value
        cleanedResp = doStuff(ws[origCol + myrow].value)
        ws[newCol + myrow] = cleanedResp

    wb.save(doc)

但是,python 在第 3853 行之后抛出内存错误,因为工作簿太大。 openpyxl 文档说使用只读模式 (https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/optimized.html) 来处理大型工作簿。我现在正在尝试使用它;但是,当我添加 read_only = True 参数时,似乎无法遍历列:

def readExcel(doc):
    wb = load_workbook(generalpath + exppath + doc, read_only=True)
    ws = wb["Sheet1"]

    for col in ws.iter_cols(min_row=1, max_row=1):
        #etc.

python 抛出这个错误: AttributeError: 'ReadOnlyWorksheet' 对象没有属性 'iter_cols'

如果我将上面代码段的最后一行更改为:

for col in ws.columns:

python 抛出同样的错误: AttributeError: 'ReadOnlyWorksheet' 对象没有属性 'columns'

迭代行很好(并且包含在我上面链接的文档中):

for col in ws.rows:

(没有错误)

询问 AttritubeError 但解决方案是删除只读模式,这对我不起作用,因为 openpyxl 不会在非只读模式下读取我的整个工作簿。

那么:如何循环访问大型工作簿中的列?

我还没有遇到过这个,但是一旦我可以遍历列我就会遇到:如果工作簿很大,我如何读写同一个工作簿?

谢谢!

根据documentation,ReadOnly模式只支持行读(未实现列读)。但这并不难解决:

wb2 = Workbook(write_only=True)
ws2 = wb2.create_sheet()

# find what column I need
colcounter = 0
for row in ws.rows:
    for cell in row:
        if cell.value == "PerceivedSound.RESP":
            break
        colcounter += 1
    
    # cells are apparently linked to the parent workbook meta
    # this will retain only values; you'll need custom
    # row constructor if you want to retain more

    row2 = [cell.value for cell in row]
    ws2.append(row2) # preserve the first row in the new file
    break # stop after first row

for row in ws.rows:
    row2 = [cell.value for cell in row]
    row2.append(doStuff(row2[colcounter]))
    ws2.append(row2) # write a new row to the new wb
    
wb2.save('newfile.xlsx')
wb.close()
wb2.close()

# copy `newfile.xlsx` to `generalpath + exppath + doc`
# Either using os.system,subprocess.popen, or shutil.copy2()

您将无法写入同一个工作簿,但如上所示,您可以打开一个新工作簿(在只写模式下),写入并使用 OS 复制覆盖旧文件。

如果工作表只有大约 100,000 个单元格,那么您应该没有任何记忆问题。您可能应该进一步调查。

iter_cols() 在只读模式下不可用,因为它需要对基础 XML 文件进行持续且非常低效的重新解析。但是,使用 zip.

将行从 iter_rows() 转换为列相对容易
def _iter_cols(self, min_col=None, max_col=None, min_row=None,
               max_row=None, values_only=False):
    yield from zip(*self.iter_rows(
        min_row=min_row, max_row=max_row,
        min_col=min_col, max_col=max_col, values_only=values_only))

import types
for sheet in workbook:
    sheet.iter_cols = types.MethodType(_iter_cols, sheet)