如何将一个向量的元素引用复制到另一个向量?

How to copy references of elements of one vector to another vector?

我有一个 vector:

std::vector<island> sea;

现在我想在另一个 vector 中保存指向此 vector 的所有元素的指针。但只是为了个人练习,我想以一种花哨的 C++ 风格来做这件事,所以我输入的不是 std::vector<const island*> p_sea

std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<const island>> r_sea;

现在我想用参考资料填充这个新的 vector

std::transform(sea.begin(), sea.end(),
               std::back_inserter(r_sea),
               std::cref<island>
);

我的理解是,从 cppreference 文章中,transform 的第四个参数应该是一个函数,它对源范围的元素和目标范围的 returns 元素进行常量引用;这正是 std::cref<island> 所做的:它将 const island& 作为参数,returns std::reference_wrapper<const island>。所以我认为这应该有效??

然而,它没有:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <iterator>


struct island {
    long long x,y; //coords
};

int main() {
    std::vector<island> sea;
    std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<const island>> r_sea;

    std::transform(sea.begin(), sea.end(),
                   std::back_inserter(r_sea),
                   std::cref<island>
    );

    return 0;
}

这会导致以下编译错误:

prog.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
prog.cpp:19:5: error: no matching function for call to ‘transform(std::vector<island>::iterator, std::vector<island>::iterator, std::back_insert_iterator<std::vector<std::reference_wrapper<const island> > >, <unresolved overloaded function type>)’
     );
     ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/6/algorithm:62:0,
                 from prog.cpp:3:
/usr/include/c++/6/bits/stl_algo.h:4166:5: note: candidate: template<class _IIter, class _OIter, class _UnaryOperation> _OIter std::transform(_IIter, _IIter, _OIter, _UnaryOperation)
     transform(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
     ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/6/bits/stl_algo.h:4166:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
prog.cpp:19:5: note:   could not resolve address from overloaded function ‘cref<island>’
     );
     ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/6/algorithm:62:0,
                 from prog.cpp:3:
/usr/include/c++/6/bits/stl_algo.h:4203:5: note: candidate: template<class _IIter1, class _IIter2, class _OIter, class _BinaryOperation> _OIter std::transform(_IIter1, _IIter1, _IIter2, _OIter, _BinaryOperation)
     transform(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
     ^~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/6/bits/stl_algo.h:4203:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
prog.cpp:19:5: note:   could not resolve address from overloaded function ‘cref<island>’
     );

https://ideone.com/E80WXH

我做错了什么?

...我又回到了邪恶的 C 指针。

std::cref<island> 替换为 [](auto&x){return std::cref<island>(x);},假设

中,将 auto 替换为 island const

cref 有重载,不能将重载集作为对象传递,因为重载集不是对象。

std::cref 过载。仅仅指定模板参数不足以消除重载之间的歧义。您有两个选择:

  1. 投射

    static_cast<std::reference_wrapper<const island>(*)(const island&)>(std::cref<island>)
    
  2. 将名称提升为仿函数对象(lambda)。就像@Yakk 提议的那样。