在构建时将注解添加到 Java getter, getX(), 当字段 x 被注解时

Adding annotations at build time to a Java getter, getX(), when the field x is annotated

我想创建以下 Java 注释,并在构建时处理它:

@Target(value = FIELD)
interface @AnnotateGetter {
    Annotation[] value();
}

如果一个字段field被注释为@AnnotateGetter,那么value数组中的所有Annotations都被添加到getField()的方法中如果存在这样的方法,则相同 class。

最简单的方法是什么?

  1. ApectJ,它可以使用声明注释语句向方法添加注释,但是,虽然我知道如何 select 用 @AnnotateGetter 注释的字段,但我不知道如何 select 一个方法对应于用 @AnnotateGetter
  2. 注释的字段
  3. 其他一些AOP框架
  4. 编写我自己的 javax.annotation.processing.Processor 调用一些可以向方法添加注释的库。这种图书馆的最佳选择是什么?它是否必须在 javac 编译源文件之后操作字节码,或者我是否可以在生成 class 文件之前以某种方式连接到 javac 并在编译期间添加注释?
  5. 其他...

您可以试试我的图书馆 Byte Buddy。您可以在应用程序启动时的构建过程中 运行 它,甚至可以从 Java 代理。使用最新版本可以按如下方式创建注释:

DynamicType.Unloaded<?> type = new ByteBuddy()
  .makeAnnotation()
  .name("AnnotateGetter")
  .annotateType(new Target() {
    public ElementType value() { return ElementType.FIELD; }
    public Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType() { return Target.class; }
  }).defineMethod("value", 
                  SomeAnnotation.class, 
                  Collections.emptyList(),
                  Visibility.PUBLIC)
  .withoutCode()
  .make();

然后您可以通过添加此生成注释的实例来创建或操作现有的 类。特定领域的语言保持相似。请查阅 detailed introduction 库的教程。

这是一个通过 AspectJ 使用 APT(注释处理工具)的解决方案。它将指定的注释添加到 getter 方法,但不会从字段中删除它们。所以这是一个 "copy" 动作,而不是 "move".

注释处理支持已添加到 AspectJ 版本 1.8.2 中,并在 release notes. Here is some self-consistent sample code. I compiled it from the command line because from Eclipse I failed to get it running according to AspectJ maintainer Andy Clement's description.

中进行了描述

好吧,假设我们有一个(Eclipse 或其他)项目目录,目录布局如下:

SO_AJ_APT_MoveAnnotationsFromMemberToGetter
    compile_run.bat
    src
        de/scrum_master/app/Person.java
    src_apt
        de/scrum_master/app/AnnotatedGetterProcessor.java
        de/scrum_master/app/AnnotateGetter.java
        de/scrum_master/app/CollationType.java
        de/scrum_master/app/SortOrder.java
        de/scrum_master/app/Unique.java
        META-INF/services/javax.annotation.processing.Processor

srcsrc_apt都是源目录,compile_run.bat 是一个 Windows 分两个阶段构建项目的批处理文件(首先是注释处理器,然后是项目的其余部分)和 运行 最终结果以证明它确实做了它应该做的.

用于字段的注释,稍后复制到 getter 方法:

package de.scrum_master.app;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD })
public @interface Unique {}
package de.scrum_master.app;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD })
public @interface SortOrder {
    String value() default "ascending";
}
package de.scrum_master.app;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD })
public @interface CollationType {
    String value() default "alphabetical";
    String language() default "EN";
}

元注释指定要复制到 getter 方法的字段注释:

请注意,此元注释仅用于注释处理,因此具有 SOURCE 保留范围。

package de.scrum_master.app;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface AnnotateGetter {
    Class<? extends Annotation>[] value();
}

驱动申请:

注意事项:

  • 有四个带注解的字段(id,firstName,lastName, fieldWithoutGetter), 但只有前三个有对应的 getter 方法,最后一个没有。因此,我们希望 fieldWithoutGetter 稍后能够妥善处理,稍后通过 APT 生成空的或没有 ITD 方面。

  • class Person 上的元注释 @AnnotateGetter({ Unique.class, SortOrder.class, CollationType.class }) 指定要考虑将哪些注释复制到 getter 方法。稍后您可以尝试一下,看看如果删除其中任何一个,结果会如何变化。

  • 我们还有一些虚拟方法 doSomething()doSomethingElse(),它们应该不受以后任何注释复制的影响,即它们不应该通过 AspectJ 获得任何新注释。 (有一个否定的测试用例总是好的。)

  • main(..)方法使用反射来打印所有字段和方法,包括它们的注释。

package de.scrum_master.app;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

@AnnotateGetter({ Unique.class, SortOrder.class, CollationType.class })
public class Person {
    @Unique
    private final int id;

    @SortOrder("descending")
    @CollationType("alphabetical")
    private final String firstName;

    @SortOrder("random")
    @CollationType(value = "alphanumeric", language = "DE")
    private final String lastName;

    @SortOrder("ascending")
    @CollationType(value = "numeric")
    private final int fieldWithoutGetter;

    public Person(int id, String firstName, String lastName, int fieldWithoutGetter) {
        this.id = id;
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
        this.fieldWithoutGetter = fieldWithoutGetter;
    }

    public int getId() { return id; }
    public String getFirstName() { return firstName; }
    public String getLastName() { return lastName; }
    public void doSomething() {}
    public void doSomethingElse() {}

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Field annotations:");
        for (Field field : Person.class.getDeclaredFields()) {
            System.out.println("  " + field.getName());
            for (Annotation annotation : field.getAnnotations())
                System.out.println("    " + annotation);
        }
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("Method annotations:");
        for (Method method : Person.class.getDeclaredMethods()) {
            System.out.println("  " + method.getName());
            for (Annotation annotation : method.getAnnotations())
                System.out.println("    " + annotation);
        }
    }
}

没有 APT + AspectJ 的控制台输出:

如您所见,打印了字段注释,但没有打印方法注释,因为我们尚未定义注释处理器(见下文)。

Field annotations:
  id
    @de.scrum_master.app.Unique()
  firstName
    @de.scrum_master.app.SortOrder(value=descending)
    @de.scrum_master.app.CollationType(value=alphabetical, language=EN)
  lastName
    @de.scrum_master.app.SortOrder(value=random)
    @de.scrum_master.app.CollationType(value=alphanumeric, language=DE)
  fieldWithoutGetter
    @de.scrum_master.app.SortOrder(value=ascending)
    @de.scrum_master.app.CollationType(value=numeric, language=EN)

Method annotations:
  main
  getId
  doSomething
  doSomethingElse
  getFirstName
  getLastName

注释处理器:

现在我们需要一个注释处理器,为每个要复制的字段和注释组合生成一个方面。这样的一个方面应该是这样的:

package de.scrum_master.app;

public aspect AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_CollationType_lastName {
    declare @method : * Person.getLastName() : @de.scrum_master.app.CollationType(value = "alphanumeric", language = "DE");
}

很简单,不是吗?注释处理器应将这些方面生成到目录 .apt_generated 中。 AspectJ 编译器会为我们处理这些,我们稍后会看到。但首先是注解处理器(抱歉代码太长,但这正是您所要求的):

package de.scrum_master.app;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

import javax.tools.*;
import javax.annotation.processing.*;
import javax.lang.model.*;
import javax.lang.model.element.*;
import javax.lang.model.type.*;

@SupportedAnnotationTypes(value = { "*" })
@SupportedSourceVersion(SourceVersion.RELEASE_7)
public class AnnotatedGetterProcessor extends AbstractProcessor {
    private Filer filer;

    @Override
    public void init(ProcessingEnvironment env) {
        filer = env.getFiler();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public boolean process(
        Set<? extends TypeElement> elements,
        RoundEnvironment env
    ) {

        // Get classes annotated with something like: @AnnotateGetter({ Foo.class, Bar.class, Zot.class })
        env.getElementsAnnotatedWith(AnnotateGetter.class)
            .stream()
            .filter(annotatedClass -> annotatedClass.getKind() == ElementKind.CLASS)

            // For each filtered class, copy designated field annotations to corresponding getter method, if present
            .forEach(annotatedClass -> {
                String packageName = annotatedClass.getEnclosingElement().toString().substring(8);
                String className = annotatedClass.getSimpleName().toString();

                /*
                 * Unfortunately when we do something like this:
                 *   AnnotateGetter annotateGetter = annotatedClass.getAnnotation(AnnotateGetter.class);
                 *   Class<? extends Annotation> annotationToBeConverted = annotateGetter.value()[0];
                 * We will get this exception:
                 *   Internal compiler error:
                 *     javax.lang.model.type.MirroredTypesException:
                 *       Attempt to access Class objects for TypeMirrors
                 *       [de.scrum_master.app.Unique, de.scrum_master.app.SortOrder, de.scrum_master.app.CollationType]
                 *       at org.aspectj.org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.apt.model.AnnotationMirrorImpl.getReflectionValue
                 *
                 * Thus, we have to use annotation mirrors instead of annotation classes directly,
                 * then tediously extracting annotation values from a nested data structure. :-(
                 */

                // Find @AnnotateGetter annotation and extract its array of values from deep within
                ((List<? extends AnnotationValue>) annotatedClass.getAnnotationMirrors()
                    .stream()
                    .filter(annotationMirror -> annotationMirror.getAnnotationType().toString().equals(AnnotateGetter.class.getName()))
                    .map(AnnotationMirror::getElementValues)
                    .map(Map::values)
                    .findFirst()
                    .get()
                    .stream()
                    .map(AnnotationValue::getValue)
                    .findFirst()
                    .get()
                )
                    .stream()
                    .map(annotationValueToBeCopied -> (TypeElement) ((DeclaredType) annotationValueToBeCopied.getValue()).asElement())
                    // For each annotation to be copied, get all correspondingly annotated fields
                    .forEach(annotationTypeElementToBeCopied -> {
                        env.getElementsAnnotatedWith(annotationTypeElementToBeCopied)
                            .stream()
                            .filter(annotatedField -> ((Element) annotatedField).getKind() == ElementKind.FIELD)
                            // For each annotated field create an ITD aspect
                            .forEach(annotatedField -> {
                                String fieldName = annotatedField.getSimpleName().toString();
                                String aspectName =
                                    "AnnotateGetterAspect_" + className + "_" +
                                    annotationTypeElementToBeCopied.getSimpleName() + "_" + fieldName;

                                StringBuilder annotationDeclaration = new StringBuilder()
                                    .append("@" + annotationTypeElementToBeCopied.getQualifiedName() + "(");

                                annotatedField.getAnnotationMirrors()
                                    .stream()
                                    .filter(annotationMirror -> annotationMirror.getAnnotationType().toString().equals(annotationTypeElementToBeCopied.getQualifiedName().toString()))
                                    .map(AnnotationMirror::getElementValues)
                                    .forEach(annotationParameters -> {
                                        annotationParameters.entrySet()
                                            .stream()
                                            .forEach(annotationParameter -> {
                                                ExecutableElement annotationParameterType = annotationParameter.getKey();
                                                AnnotationValue annotationParameterValue = annotationParameter.getValue();
                                                annotationDeclaration.append(annotationParameterType.getSimpleName() + " = ");
                                                if (annotationParameterType.getReturnType().toString().equals("java.lang.String"))
                                                    annotationDeclaration.append("\"" + annotationParameterValue + "\"");
                                                else
                                                    annotationDeclaration.append(annotationParameterValue);
                                                annotationDeclaration.append(", ");
                                            });
                                        if (!annotationParameters.entrySet().isEmpty())
                                            annotationDeclaration.setLength(annotationDeclaration.length() - 2);
                                        annotationDeclaration.append(")");
                                    });

                                // For each field with the current annotation, create an ITD aspect
                                // adding the same annotation to the member's getter method
                                String aspectSource = createAspectSource(
                                    annotatedClass, packageName, className,
                                    annotationDeclaration.toString(), fieldName, aspectName
                                );
                                writeAspectSourceToDisk(packageName, aspectName, aspectSource);
                            });
                    });
            });
        return true;
    }

    private String createAspectSource(
        Element parentElement,
        String packageName,
        String className,
        String annotationDeclaration,
        String fieldName,
        String aspectName
    ) {
        String getterMethodName = "get" + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + fieldName.substring(1);

        StringBuilder aspectSource = new StringBuilder()
            .append("package " + packageName + ";\n\n")
            .append("public aspect " + aspectName + " {\n");

        for (Element childElement : parentElement.getEnclosedElements()) {
            // Search for methods
            if (childElement.getKind() != ElementKind.METHOD)
                continue;
            ExecutableElement method = (ExecutableElement) childElement;

            // Search for correct getter method name
            if (!method.getSimpleName().toString().equals(getterMethodName))
                continue;
            // Parameter list for a getter method must be empty
            if (!method.getParameters().isEmpty())
                continue;
            // Getter method must be public
            if (!method.getModifiers().contains(Modifier.PUBLIC))
                continue;
            // Getter method must be non-static
            if (method.getModifiers().contains(Modifier.STATIC))
                continue;

            // Add call to found method
            aspectSource.append(
                "    declare @method : * " + className + "." + getterMethodName + "() : " +
                annotationDeclaration + ";\n"
            );
        }

        aspectSource.append("}\n");

        return aspectSource.toString();
    }

    private void writeAspectSourceToDisk(
        String packageName,
        String aspectName,
        String aspectSource
    ) {
        try {
            JavaFileObject file = filer.createSourceFile(packageName + "." + aspectName);
            file.openWriter().append(aspectSource).close();
            System.out.println("Generated aspect " + packageName + "." + aspectName);
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            // Message "already created" can appear if processor runs more than once
            if (!ioe.getMessage().contains("already created"))
                ioe.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

注解处理器我就不多说了,请仔细阅读。我还添加了一些源代码注释,希望它们足以被理解。

src_apt/META-INF/services/javax.annotation.processing.Processor:

我们需要此文件供注释处理器稍后与 AspectJ 编译器 (ajc) 结合使用。

de.scrum_master.app.AnnotatedGetterProcessor

批处理文件构建和运行宁项目:

抱歉,如果这是特定于平台的,但我想您可以轻松地将其转换为 UNIX/Linux shell 脚本,非常简单。

@echo off

set SRC_PATH=C:\Users\Alexander\Documents\java-src
set ASPECTJ_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\AspectJ

echo Building annotation processor
cd "%SRC_PATH%\SO_AJ_APT_MoveAnnotationsFromMemberToGetter"
rmdir /s /q bin
del /q processor.jar
call "%ASPECTJ_HOME%\bin\ajc.bat" -1.8 -sourceroots src_apt -d bin -cp "%ASPECTJ_HOME%\lib\aspectjrt.jar"
jar -cvf processor.jar -C src_apt META-INF -C bin .

echo.
echo Generating aspects and building project
rmdir /s /q bin .apt_generated
call "%ASPECTJ_HOME%\bin\ajc.bat" -1.8 -sourceroots src -d bin -s .apt_generated -inpath processor.jar -cp "%ASPECTJ_HOME%\lib\aspectjrt.jar";processor.jar -showWeaveInfo

echo.
echo Running de.scrum_master.app.Person
java -cp bin;"%ASPECTJ_HOME%\lib\aspectjrt.jar" de.scrum_master.app.Person

构建控制台日志 + 运行 进程:

构建处理器+注释classes,然后将它们打包成processor.jar:

Building annotation processor
Manifest wurde hinzugefügt
Eintrag META-INF/ wird ignoriert
META-INF/services/ wird hinzugefügt(ein = 0) (aus = 0)(0 % gespeichert)
META-INF/services/javax.annotation.processing.Processor wird hinzugefügt(ein = 45) (aus = 46)(-2 % verkleinert)
de/ wird hinzugefügt(ein = 0) (aus = 0)(0 % gespeichert)
de/scrum_master/ wird hinzugefügt(ein = 0) (aus = 0)(0 % gespeichert)
de/scrum_master/app/ wird hinzugefügt(ein = 0) (aus = 0)(0 % gespeichert)
de/scrum_master/app/AnnotatedGetterProcessor.class wird hinzugefügt(ein = 8065) (aus = 3495)(56 % verkleinert)
de/scrum_master/app/AnnotateGetter.class wird hinzugefügt(ein = 508) (aus = 287)(43 % verkleinert)
de/scrum_master/app/CollationType.class wird hinzugefügt(ein = 520) (aus = 316)(39 % verkleinert)
de/scrum_master/app/SortOrder.class wird hinzugefügt(ein = 476) (aus = 296)(37 % verkleinert)
de/scrum_master/app/Unique.class wird hinzugefügt(ein = 398) (aus = 248)(37 % verkleinert)

Aspect 生成 + 项目构建(由于其内置的注释处理支持,仅需一次 AspectJ 编译器调用即可完成):

Generating aspects and building project
Generated aspect de.scrum_master.app.AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_Unique_id
Generated aspect de.scrum_master.app.AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_SortOrder_fieldWithoutGetter
Generated aspect de.scrum_master.app.AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_SortOrder_firstName
Generated aspect de.scrum_master.app.AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_SortOrder_lastName
Generated aspect de.scrum_master.app.AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_CollationType_fieldWithoutGetter
Generated aspect de.scrum_master.app.AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_CollationType_firstName
Generated aspect de.scrum_master.app.AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_CollationType_lastName
'public int de.scrum_master.app.Person.getId()' (Person.java:31) is annotated with @de.scrum_master.app.Unique method annotation from 'de.scrum_master.app.AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_Unique_id' (AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_Unique_id.java:4)

'public java.lang.String de.scrum_master.app.Person.getFirstName()' (Person.java:32) is annotated with @de.scrum_master.app.SortOrder method annotation from 'de.scrum_master.app.AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_SortOrder_firstName' (AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_SortOrder_firstName.java:4)

'public java.lang.String de.scrum_master.app.Person.getFirstName()' (Person.java:32) is annotated with @de.scrum_master.app.CollationType method annotation from 'de.scrum_master.app.AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_CollationType_firstName' (AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_CollationType_firstName.java:4)

'public java.lang.String de.scrum_master.app.Person.getLastName()' (Person.java:33) is annotated with @de.scrum_master.app.CollationType method annotation from 'de.scrum_master.app.AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_CollationType_lastName' (AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_CollationType_lastName.java:4)

'public java.lang.String de.scrum_master.app.Person.getLastName()' (Person.java:33) is annotated with @de.scrum_master.app.SortOrder method annotation from 'de.scrum_master.app.AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_SortOrder_lastName' (AnnotateGetterAspect_Person_SortOrder_lastName.java:4)

最后但同样重要的是,我们再次 运行 驱动程序应用程序。这次我们应该看到从带注释的字段复制到相应的 getter 方法(如果存在这样的方法)的注释:

Running de.scrum_master.app.Person
Field annotations:
  id
    @de.scrum_master.app.Unique()
  firstName
    @de.scrum_master.app.SortOrder(value=descending)
    @de.scrum_master.app.CollationType(value=alphabetical, language=EN)
  lastName
    @de.scrum_master.app.SortOrder(value=random)
    @de.scrum_master.app.CollationType(value=alphanumeric, language=DE)
  fieldWithoutGetter
    @de.scrum_master.app.SortOrder(value=ascending)
    @de.scrum_master.app.CollationType(value=numeric, language=EN)

Method annotations:
  main
  getId
    @de.scrum_master.app.Unique()
  doSomethingElse
  getLastName
    @de.scrum_master.app.CollationType(value=alphanumeric, language=DE)
    @de.scrum_master.app.SortOrder(value=random)
  getFirstName
    @de.scrum_master.app.SortOrder(value=descending)
    @de.scrum_master.app.CollationType(value=alphabetical, language=EN)
  doSomething

瞧!享受并随时提问。 :-)

更新(2015-05-03):注意,在我的注解处理器代码中,我最初忘记也复制注解参数值,因此只创建了默认值每个注释。我刚刚修复了这个问题,使注释处理器代码变得更加冗长。因为我想让它值得重构代码并从中学习一些东西,即使你已经接受了原始答案并以另一种方式解决了你的问题,我还是玩了 Java 8 种东西,比如 lambdas,流,过滤器,地图。如果这个概念对您来说是新的,特别是对于嵌套的 forEach 循环,这不是特别可读,但我想尝试看看我能用它走多远。 ;-)