从 begin() 而不是 cbegin() 获取 const_iterator

Getting const_iterator from begin() instead of cbegin()

有人可以解释为什么如果我取消注释该行,下面的代码将无法编译吗 foo::const_iterator j = f.begin();,但如果我使用行 foo::const_iterator j = f.cbegin();,它会编译吗?我试图让这条线像我的 std::vector 示例一样工作。

#include <vector>

struct foo {
    struct node { };
    node *first = nullptr, *last = nullptr;

    struct base_iterator {
        node* ptr;
        base_iterator (node* n) : ptr(n) { }
    };

    struct iterator : base_iterator { using base_iterator::base_iterator; };

    struct const_iterator : base_iterator { using base_iterator::base_iterator; };

    iterator begin() { return iterator(first); }
    const_iterator begin() const { return const_iterator(first); }
    const_iterator cbegin() const { return const_iterator(first); }
};

// Test

int main() {
    foo f;
    foo::iterator i = f.begin();
//  foo::const_iterator j = f.begin();  // Won't compile because f is not const.
//  foo::const_iterator j = f.cbegin();  // Will compile fine.

    std::vector<int> v;
    std::vector<int>::const_iterator it = v.begin();  // Compiles even though v is not const.
}

它适用于 std::vector,因为所有标准库容器的迭代器都是 设计 以支持 iterator --> const_iterator 转换.它旨在模仿指针转换的工作方式。

只要你的两个迭代器是用户定义的类,你就需要明确地添加它。您有两个选择:

转换构造函数:

struct iterator : base_iterator { using base_iterator::base_iterator; };

struct const_iterator : base_iterator {
   using base_iterator::base_iterator;
   const_iterator(const iterator& other) : base_iterator(other) {}
};

一个转换运算符:

struct const_iterator : base_iterator { using base_iterator::base_iterator; };

struct iterator : base_iterator {
  using base_iterator::base_iterator; 
  operator const_iterator() const { /* ... */ }
};