在使用数据协定序列化程序序列化 IXmlSerializable 对象时,如何控制根元素命名空间和名称?

How can I control the root element namespace and name when serializing an IXmlSerializable object with the data contract serializer?

我有一个实现 IXmlSerializable which I am serializing with DataContractSerializer 的类型。将其序列化为 XML 文档的根元素时如何控制根元素命名空间和名称?

假设我有以下类型:

public partial class PersonDTO : IXmlSerializable
{
    public string Name { get; set; }

    #region IXmlSerializable Members

    public System.Xml.Schema.XmlSchema GetSchema()
    {
        return null;
    }

    public void ReadXml(System.Xml.XmlReader reader)
    {
        Name = reader["name"];
        if (!reader.IsEmptyElement)
            reader.Skip();
        reader.Read();
    }

    public void WriteXml(System.Xml.XmlWriter writer)
    {
        writer.WriteAttributeString("name", Name);
    }

    #endregion
}

如果我用 DataContractSerializer 作为我的根对象序列化它,我得到:

<PersonDTO name="John Doe" xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/MyClrNamespace" />

我希望根名称为 <Person>,根名称空间为 "http://www.MyCompany.com",因此我尝试添加 [DataContract],如下所示:

[DataContract(Name = "Person", Namespace = "http://www.MyCompany.com")]
public partial class PersonDTO : IXmlSerializable
{
}

但是当我这样做时,DataContractSerializer 抛出一个异常说明 Type 'PersonDTO' 不能是 IXmlSerializable 并且具有 DataContractAttribute 属性 :

System.Runtime.Serialization.InvalidDataContractException occurred
  Message="Type 'PersonDTO' cannot be IXmlSerializable and have DataContractAttribute attribute."
  Source="System.Runtime.Serialization"
  StackTrace:
       at System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlDataContract.XmlDataContractCriticalHelper..ctor(Type type)
       at System.Runtime.Serialization.XmlDataContract..ctor(Type type)
       at System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContract.DataContractCriticalHelper.CreateDataContract(Int32 id, RuntimeTypeHandle typeHandle, Type type)
       at System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContract.DataContractCriticalHelper.GetDataContractSkipValidation(Int32 id, RuntimeTypeHandle typeHandle, Type type)
       at System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContract.GetDataContract(RuntimeTypeHandle typeHandle, Type type, SerializationMode mode)
       at System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContractSerializer.get_RootContract()

我知道在手动序列化时可以使用 DataContractSerializer(Type type, String rootName, String rootNamespace) 构造函数修改根名称和命名空间:

var person = new PersonDTO { Name = "John Doe", };

var serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(PersonDTO), "Person", @"http://www.MyCompany.com");
var sb = new StringBuilder();
using (var textWriter = new StringWriter(sb))
using (var xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(textWriter))
{
    serializer.WriteObject(xmlWriter, person);
}
Console.WriteLine(sb);
// Outputs <Person name="John Doe" xmlns="http://www.MyCompany.com" />

但是有什么方法可以通过属性自动执行此操作吗?

这可以通过以下两种方式之一使用属性来完成。

首先(令人惊讶的是)如果将旧 XmlSerializer[XmlRoot] 属性应用于类型,DataContractSerializer 将使用其中指定的命名空间和名称作为根数据合约命名空间和名称:

[XmlRoot("Person", Namespace = "http://www.MyCompany.com")]
public partial class PersonDTO : IXmlSerializable
{
}

生成以下 XML:

<Person name="John Doe" xmlns="http://www.MyCompany.com" />

但是,此解决方案仅适用于根元素名称。如果您尝试序列化此类对象的数组或通用列表,则使用未修改的命名空间和名称:

<ArrayOfPersonDTO xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2004/07/MyClrNamespace">
  <PersonDTO name="John Doe" />
</ArrayOfPersonDTO>

其次更强大的是,[XmlSchemaProvider]属性可用于指定一个静态方法,returns数据协定名称、命名空间和架构类型:

[XmlSchemaProvider("GetSchemaMethod")]
public partial class PersonDTO : IXmlSerializable
{
    // This is the method named by the XmlSchemaProviderAttribute applied to the type.
    public static XmlQualifiedName GetSchemaMethod(XmlSchemaSet xs)
    {
        // Fill in a plausible schema for the type if necessary.
        // 
        // While DataContractSerializer will not use the returned schema set, 
        // svcutil.exe will use it to generate schemas.  XmlSerializer also
        // seems to require it to be initialized to something plausible if you
        // are serializing your types with both serializers.
        string personSchema = @"<xs:schema xmlns:tns=""http://www.MyCompany.com"" elementFormDefault=""qualified"" targetNamespace=""http://www.MyCompany.com"" xmlns:xs=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"">
  <xs:element name=""Person"" nillable=""true"" type=""tns:Person"" />
  <xs:complexType name=""Person"">
    <xs:attribute name=""name"" type=""xs:string"" />
  </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>";
        using (var textReader = new StringReader(personSchema))
        using (var schemaSetReader = System.Xml.XmlReader.Create(textReader))
        {
            xs.Add("http://www.MyCompany.com", schemaSetReader);
        }
        // Return back the namespace and name to be used for this type.
        return new XmlQualifiedName("Person", "http://www.MyCompany.com");
    }
}

这样做的好处是不仅根名称和命名空间会被修改,而且数组、泛型集合和其他泛型中使用的数据协定名称也会被修改:

<ArrayOfPerson xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.MyCompany.com">
  <Person name="John Doe" />
</ArrayOfPerson>

备注:

  • DataContractSerializer 仅使用架构提供程序方法返回的 XmlQualifiedName。但是,如果您计划使用 svcutil.exe 为您的类型生成一个 XSD 或者还使用 XmlSerializer 序列化您的类型,您将需要用一些合理的东西填充 XmlSchemaSet xs。 (当您这样做时,生成的 XSD 将反映返回的模式。)