使用 SRTM HGT 文件创建地形图

Question

我正在开发 iOS 应用程序。我在哪里显示某个区域的海拔和地形图。我已成功从 here.

下载应用内的 .hgt 文件

到目前为止，我可以从 hgt 文件中提取高程。现在我还必须显示该区域的地形图。我一直在搜索它，我认为我无法在 iOS 应用程序中直接使用 hgt 文件创建地形图。我必须使用 GRASS GIS、SRTM2OSM 或 TileMill 创建地形图，然后在应用程序中使用它。

任何人都可以指导我在这里可以做什么以及如何进行。

编辑：

我已要求不要为此使用任何类型的地图。所以基本上我必须使用核心绘图来创建地图，我对此一无所知。

像这样没有文字的东西：

Answer 1

使用 iOS，您可以通过 MapKit framework to display map or satellite imagery directly from your app's interface, you can use also Google Maps through Google Maps SDK 访问地图 iOS，但两者（iOS 地图和 Google 地图）都没有地形等级。

因此，为了避免重新创建已经存在的内容，您可以查看 OpenStreetMaps frameworks, here you can find many available frameworks, one of them is called MapBox and you can download the latest sources and example here

正如您从 wiki 页面上看到的那样，我们还有地形级别：

我认为这是一个非常有用的库，已更新并可与 swift 4 一起使用，here 您可以找到一个简单的入门教程：

import Mapbox
class ViewController: UIViewController {
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        let mapView = MGLMapView(frame: view.bounds)
        mapView.autoresizingMask = [.flexibleWidth, .flexibleHeight]
        mapView.setCenter(CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: 40.74699, longitude: -73.98742), zoomLevel: 9, animated: false)
        view.addSubview(mapView)
        // to show the terrain level 
        mapView.styleURL = MGLStyle.outdoorsStyleURL()
    }
}

Answer 2

I have to create the map by using core drawing

您可以从 SRTM HGT 文件绘制地图对象 ^[1]
用于从 SRTM HGT 文件读取插值高度 ^[2]
下面是使用 .cpp 文件的代码，您可以了解如何从 SRTM 中绘制它 ^[3]

#include "generator/srtm_parser.hpp"

#include "coding/endianness.hpp"
#include "coding/zip_reader.hpp"

#include "base/logging.hpp"

#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>

namespace generator
{
namespace
{
size_t constexpr kArcSecondsInDegree = 60 * 60;
size_t constexpr kSrtmTileSize = (kArcSecondsInDegree + 1) * (kArcSecondsInDegree + 1) * 2;

struct UnzipMemDelegate : public ZipFileReader::Delegate
{
  UnzipMemDelegate(std::string & buffer) : m_buffer(buffer), m_completed(false) {}

  // ZipFileReader::Delegate overrides:
  void OnBlockUnzipped(size_t size, char const * data) override { m_buffer.append(data, size); }

  void OnStarted() override
  {
    m_buffer.clear();
    m_completed = false;
  }

  void OnCompleted() override { m_completed = true; }

  std::string & m_buffer;
  bool m_completed;
};
}  // namespace

// SrtmTile ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SrtmTile::SrtmTile()
{
  Invalidate();
}

SrtmTile::SrtmTile(SrtmTile && rhs) : m_data(move(rhs.m_data)), m_valid(rhs.m_valid)
{
  rhs.Invalidate();
}

void SrtmTile::Init(std::string const & dir, ms::LatLon const & coord)
{
  Invalidate();

  std::string const base = GetBase(coord);
  std::string const cont = dir + base + ".SRTMGL1.hgt.zip";
  std::string file = base + ".hgt";

  UnzipMemDelegate delegate(m_data);
  try
  {
    ZipFileReader::UnzipFile(cont, file, delegate);
  }
  catch (ZipFileReader::LocateZipException const & e)
  {
    // Sometimes packed file has different name. See N39E051 measure.
    file = base + ".SRTMGL1.hgt";

    ZipFileReader::UnzipFile(cont, file, delegate);
  }

  if (!delegate.m_completed)
  {
    LOG(LWARNING, ("Can't decompress SRTM file:", cont));
    Invalidate();
    return;
  }

  if (m_data.size() != kSrtmTileSize)
  {
    LOG(LWARNING, ("Bad decompressed SRTM file size:", cont, m_data.size()));
    Invalidate();
    return;
  }

  m_valid = true;
}

feature::TAltitude SrtmTile::GetHeight(ms::LatLon const & coord)
{
  if (!IsValid())
    return feature::kInvalidAltitude;

  double ln = coord.lon - static_cast<int>(coord.lon);
  if (ln < 0)
    ln += 1;
  double lt = coord.lat - static_cast<int>(coord.lat);
  if (lt < 0)
    lt += 1;
  lt = 1 - lt;  // from North to South

  size_t const row = kArcSecondsInDegree * lt;
  size_t const col = kArcSecondsInDegree * ln;

  size_t const ix = row * (kArcSecondsInDegree + 1) + col;

  if (ix >= Size())
    return feature::kInvalidAltitude;
  return ReverseByteOrder(Data()[ix]);
}

std::string SrtmTile::GetBase(ms::LatLon coord)
{
  std::ostringstream ss;
  if (coord.lat < 0)
  {
    ss << "S";
    coord.lat *= -1;
    coord.lat += 1;
  }
  else
  {
    ss << "N";
  }
  ss << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << static_cast<int>(coord.lat);

  if (coord.lon < 0)
  {
    ss << "W";
    coord.lon *= -1;
    coord.lon += 1;
  }
  else
  {
    ss << "E";
  }
  ss << std::setw(3) << static_cast<int>(coord.lon);
  return ss.str();
}

void SrtmTile::Invalidate()
{
  m_data.clear();
  m_data.shrink_to_fit();
  m_valid = false;
}

// SrtmTileManager ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SrtmTileManager::SrtmTileManager(std::string const & dir) : m_dir(dir) {}
feature::TAltitude SrtmTileManager::GetHeight(ms::LatLon const & coord)
{
  std::string const base = SrtmTile::GetBase(coord);
  auto it = m_tiles.find(base);
  if (it == m_tiles.end())
  {
    SrtmTile tile;
    try
    {
      tile.Init(m_dir, coord);
    }
    catch (RootException const & e)
    {
      LOG(LINFO, ("Can't init SRTM tile:", base, "reason:", e.Msg()));
    }

    // It's OK to store even invalid tiles and return invalid height
    // for them later.
    it = m_tiles.emplace(base, std::move(tile)).first;
  }

  return it->second.GetHeight(coord);
}
}  // namespace generator

使用 SRTM HGT 文件创建地形图

Creating Terrain Map with SRTM HGT File

ios

swift

terrain

srtm

hgt

编辑：