Boost 的 lexical_cast 从双精度到字符串精度

Question

我正在使用一个库，不幸的是它使用 boost::lexical_cast 将 double 转换为 string。

我需要能够明确地反映我这边的行为，但我希望这样做而不传播 boost。

我可以使用 to_string、sprintf 或标准中包含的其他函数来保证相同的行为吗？

Answer 1

提升代码在这里结束：

            bool shl_real_type(double val, char* begin) {
                using namespace std;
                finish = start +
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400) && !defined(__SGI_STL_PORT) && !defined(_STLPORT_VERSION)
                    sprintf_s(begin, CharacterBufferSize,
#else
                    sprintf(begin, 
#endif
                    "%.*g", static_cast<int>(boost::detail::lcast_get_precision<double>()), val);
                return finish > start;
            }

你很幸运，因为精度通常是编译时常量（除非 boost 配置 BOOST_LCAST_NO_COMPILE_TIME_PRECISION）。

稍微简化并允许符合标准的现代标准库：

模仿 Boost Lexicalcast

#include <cstdio>
#include <limits>
#include <string>

namespace {
    template <class T> struct lcast_precision {
        typedef std::numeric_limits<T> limits;

        static constexpr bool use_default_precision  = !limits::is_specialized || limits::is_exact;
        static constexpr bool is_specialized_bin     = !use_default_precision && limits::radix == 2 && limits::digits > 0;

        static constexpr bool is_specialized_dec     = !use_default_precision && limits::radix == 10 && limits::digits10 > 0;
        static constexpr unsigned int precision_dec  = limits::digits10 + 1U;
        static constexpr unsigned long precision_bin = 2UL + limits::digits * 30103UL / 100000UL;

        static constexpr unsigned value = is_specialized_bin 
            ? precision_bin 
            : is_specialized_dec? precision_dec : 6;
    };

    std::string mimicked(double v) {
        constexpr int prec = static_cast<int>(lcast_precision<double>::value);

        std::string buf(prec+10, ' ');
        buf.resize(sprintf(&buf[0], "%.*g", prec, v));
        return buf;
    }
}

回归测试

比较结果并检查假设：

Live On Coliru

#include <cstdio>
#include <limits>
#include <string>

namespace {
    template <class T> struct lcast_precision {
        typedef std::numeric_limits<T> limits;

        static constexpr bool use_default_precision  = !limits::is_specialized || limits::is_exact;
        static constexpr bool is_specialized_bin     = !use_default_precision && limits::radix == 2 && limits::digits > 0;

        static constexpr bool is_specialized_dec     = !use_default_precision && limits::radix == 10 && limits::digits10 > 0;
        static constexpr unsigned int precision_dec  = limits::digits10 + 1U;
        static constexpr unsigned long precision_bin = 2UL + limits::digits * 30103UL / 100000UL;

        static constexpr unsigned value = is_specialized_bin 
            ? precision_bin 
            : is_specialized_dec? precision_dec : 6;
    };

    std::string mimicked(double v) {
        constexpr int prec = static_cast<int>(lcast_precision<double>::value);

        std::string buf(prec+10, ' ');
        buf.resize(sprintf(&buf[0], "%.*g", prec, v));
        return buf;
    }
}

#include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>

#ifdef BOOST_LCAST_NO_COMPILE_TIME_PRECISION
#error BOOM
#endif

#define TEST(x)                                                                                                        \
    do {                                                                                                               \
        std::cout << std::setw(45) << #x << ":\t" << (x) << "\n";                                                      \
    } while (0)

std::string use_sprintf(double v) {
    std::string buf(32, ' ');
    buf.resize(std::sprintf(&buf[0], "%f", v));
    return buf;
}

void tests() {
    for (double v : {
            std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(),
            std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(),
           -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(),
            0.0,
           -0.0,
            std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon(),
            M_PI })
    {
        TEST(v);
        TEST(std::to_string(v));
        TEST(use_sprintf(v));
        TEST(boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v));
        TEST(mimicked(v));

        assert(mimicked(v) == boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v));
    }
}

static std::locale DE("de_DE.utf8");

int main() {

    tests();

    std::cout << "==== imbue std::cout\n";
    std::cout.imbue(DE);

    tests();

    std::cout << "==== override global locale\n";
    std::locale::global(DE);

    tests();
}

版画

                                        v:  nan
                        std::to_string(v):  nan
                           use_sprintf(v):  nan
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  nan
                              mimicked(v):  nan
                                        v:  inf
                        std::to_string(v):  inf
                           use_sprintf(v):  inf
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  inf
                              mimicked(v):  inf
                                        v:  -inf
                        std::to_string(v):  -inf
                           use_sprintf(v):  -inf
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  -inf
                              mimicked(v):  -inf
                                        v:  0
                        std::to_string(v):  0.000000
                           use_sprintf(v):  0.000000
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  0
                              mimicked(v):  0
                                        v:  -0
                        std::to_string(v):  -0.000000
                           use_sprintf(v):  -0.000000
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  -0
                              mimicked(v):  -0
                                        v:  2.22045e-16
                        std::to_string(v):  0.000000
                           use_sprintf(v):  0.000000
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  2.2204460492503131e-16
                              mimicked(v):  2.2204460492503131e-16
                                        v:  3.14159
                        std::to_string(v):  3.141593
                           use_sprintf(v):  3.141593
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  3.1415926535897931
                              mimicked(v):  3.1415926535897931
==== imbue std::cout
                                        v:  nan
                        std::to_string(v):  nan
                           use_sprintf(v):  nan
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  nan
                              mimicked(v):  nan
                                        v:  inf
                        std::to_string(v):  inf
                           use_sprintf(v):  inf
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  inf
                              mimicked(v):  inf
                                        v:  -inf
                        std::to_string(v):  -inf
                           use_sprintf(v):  -inf
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  -inf
                              mimicked(v):  -inf
                                        v:  0
                        std::to_string(v):  0.000000
                           use_sprintf(v):  0.000000
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  0
                              mimicked(v):  0
                                        v:  -0
                        std::to_string(v):  -0.000000
                           use_sprintf(v):  -0.000000
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  -0
                              mimicked(v):  -0
                                        v:  2,22045e-16
                        std::to_string(v):  0.000000
                           use_sprintf(v):  0.000000
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  2.2204460492503131e-16
                              mimicked(v):  2.2204460492503131e-16
                                        v:  3,14159
                        std::to_string(v):  3.141593
                           use_sprintf(v):  3.141593
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  3.1415926535897931
                              mimicked(v):  3.1415926535897931
==== override global locale
                                        v:  nan
                        std::to_string(v):  nan
                           use_sprintf(v):  nan
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  nan
                              mimicked(v):  nan
                                        v:  inf
                        std::to_string(v):  inf
                           use_sprintf(v):  inf
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  inf
                              mimicked(v):  inf
                                        v:  -inf
                        std::to_string(v):  -inf
                           use_sprintf(v):  -inf
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  -inf
                              mimicked(v):  -inf
                                        v:  0
                        std::to_string(v):  0,000000
                           use_sprintf(v):  0,000000
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  0
                              mimicked(v):  0
                                        v:  -0
                        std::to_string(v):  -0,000000
                           use_sprintf(v):  -0,000000
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  -0
                              mimicked(v):  -0
                                        v:  2,22045e-16
                        std::to_string(v):  0,000000
                           use_sprintf(v):  0,000000
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  2,2204460492503131e-16
                              mimicked(v):  2,2204460492503131e-16
                                        v:  3,14159
                        std::to_string(v):  3,141593
                           use_sprintf(v):  3,141593
      boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(v):  3,1415926535897931
                              mimicked(v):  3,1415926535897931

请注意，mimicked 和 boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(double) 每次都会产生完全相同的输出。

Answer 2

因此，在深入了解 Boost 模板几个小时后，我了解到以下内容：

进行字符串化的实际调用是：lexical_cast_do_cast<std::string, double>::lexical_cast_impl
这在 boost::detail::lexical_stream_limited_src<char, std::char_traits<char>, false>

std::sprintf

boost::detail::lexical_stream_limited_src<char, std::char_traits<char>, true>::operator<< 将用于插入 double，传递 begin，指向分配的 std::string 缓冲区的指针，以及 val，输入 double，产生这个调用：std::sprintf(begin, "%.*g", static_cast<int>(boost::detail::lcast_get_precision<double>()), val)
所以这里的精度字段来自boost::details::lcast_precision<double>::value，它将使用std::numeric_limits<double>；如果is_specialized是false，is_exact是false，radix是2，digits大于0 然后 boost::details::lcast_precision<double>::value 将计算为：2UL + std::numeric_limits<double>::digits * 30103UL / 100000UL

因此，begin 是分配的 string，val 是输入双精度值， boost::lexical_cast<double> 产生的最终结果相当于：

std::sprintf(begin, "%.*g", 2UL + std::numeric_limits<double>::digits * 30103UL / 100000UL, val)

这显然在很大程度上依赖于实现。但在我的系统上，这将产生完全相同的结果。

Boost 的 lexical_cast 从双精度到字符串精度

Boost's lexical_cast From double to string Precision

c++

boost

standard-library

number-formatting

boost-lexicalcast

模仿 Boost Lexicalcast

回归测试