嵌套和分段的脆皮布局

Nested and Segmented Crispy Layouts

TLDR 问题:如何制作带有“分段”的脆皮表格?(不确定这是否被视为内联)布局与多个模型(一些相关,一些不相关)。

我正在尝试理解 Django 中的几个东西:表单、表单集、嵌套表单和 crispy,我已经研究了一段时间,感觉自己很接近,只是需要有人帮助连接点.我不确定如何在没有脆皮的情况下完成它,所以我开始走这条路,认为脆皮是解决方案。如有错误请指正,谢谢:)

我想要一种形式(如 HTML 形式,不一定是 Django 形式),它有一个包含很多字段的主模型,但在主模型中间有 secondary/tertiary 个模型领域。我非常接近布局,但似乎无法让 secondary/tertiary 模型在布局中间呈现,更不用说在没有 crispy/django 错误的情况下进行编译了。

这是我想要达到的目标的颜色编码视觉效果

我认为我至少有以下一项是错误的:

上面列表项的代码(不能将代码块直接放在下面

#I don't think this will achieve the integration/nested look I am aiming for
#views.py:
parent_form = ParentForm()
child_form = ChildForm()
render(template.html, {
  "pform": parent_form,
  "cform": child_form
})

#template.html:
<form>
  {{ pform }}
  {{ cform }}
</form>

文件供参考

models.py

#Black in the picture
class Truck(models.Model):
  name = models.CharField(…)
  …

#Blue in the picture
class QuickInspection(models.Model):
  odometer = models.IntegerField(…)
  … (created_at, user_cookie#who did it, …)
  truck = models.ForeignKey(Truck)

-----
#These two are unrelated to the Truck in the DB, and I would prefer to keep it that way, if for at least to understand how to accomplish this 
-----
#Red
class Tires(models.Model):
  front_tire = models.CharField(…)
  … (created_at, …)
  truck = models.ForeignKey(Truck)
  full_inspection = models.ForeignKey(FullInspection, blank=True, null=True) #optional, and if it has this foreign key, then I know the Tires were looked at in a full inspection.  If not, then they were looked at in the quick inspection, without having a foreign key to the QuickInspection

#Green
class Brakes(models.Model):
  front_axle = models.CharField(…)
  …
  createdAt = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
  truck = models.ForeignKey(Truck)
  pm = models.ForeignKey(PM, blank=True, null=True)
  full_inspection = models.ForeignKey(FullInspection, blank=True, null=True) #optional, same as full_inspection in Tires

views.py

def weeklyView(request, truckID):
  # POST
  if request.method == 'POST':
    # Check forms for valid data and save or provide error
    #return response
  # GET
  else:
    #make each form individually?
    quickForm = OHReadingForm(…)
    tireForm = TireForm()
    brakeForm = BrakeForm()

    #Or import a formset and helper?
    formset = ExampleFormSet()
    helper = ExampleFormSetHelper()

    response = render(request, 'trucks/weeklyInspection.html', {
      'ohrForm': ohrForm,
      'formset': formset,
      'helper': helper,
      'tireForm': tireForm,
      'truck': truck,
    })

forms.py

class QuickInspectionForm(forms.ModelForm):
  def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    super(QuickInspectionForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
    self.helper = FormHelper()
    self.helper.form_tag = False
    self.helper.form_method = 'post'
    self.helper.form_action = 'quickInspectionURL'
    self.helper.layout = Layout(
        Div(
          Div(
            Fieldset(
              '',        # 'first arg is the legend of the fieldset',
              'quickInspectionMetric1', #From QuickInspection.metric1
              'quickInspectionMetric2', #From QuickInspection.metric2
              'quickInspectionMetric3', #From QuickInspection.metric3
            ),            
            css_class="blue"
          ),
          Div(
            Fieldset(
              'tireMetric1',  #from Tire.metric1
              'tireMetric2',  #from Tire.metric2
            css_class="red"
          ),
          Div(
            Fieldset(
              'brakeMetric1',  #from Brake.metric1
              'brakeMetric2',  #from Brake.metric2
            css_class="green"
          ),
          Div(
            Fieldset(
              'quickInspectionMetric4',  #from QuickInspection.metric4
              'quickInspectionMetric5',  #from QuickInspection.metric5
            css_class="blue"
          ),
        ),
        Div(
          FormActions(
            Reset('reset', 'Reset'),
            Submit('submit', 'Submit') #submit for all
          )
        ),
    )

  class Meta:
    model = QuickInspection
    fields = [
      'metric1','metric2','metric3','metric4','metric5',
      'truck',
      …,
    ]

ExampleFormSet = formset_factory(QuickInspectionForm, extra=1)
# Other failed attempts
# ExampleFormSet = inlineformset_factory(QuickInspectionForm, extra=1)
# ExampleFormSet = inlineformset_factory(QuickInspectionForm, TireForm, extra=1)
# ExampleFormSet = inlineformset_factory(QuickInspectionForm, TireForm, BrakeForm, extra=1)

class ExampleFormSetHelper(FormHelper):
  def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    super(ExampleFormSetHelper, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
    self.form_method = 'post'
    self.form_tag = False
    self.layout = Layout(…)


#Same as Brake Form
class TireForm(forms.ModelForm):
  def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    super(TCForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
    self.helper = FormHelper()
    self.helper.form_method = 'post'
    self.helper.form_action = 'tireURL'
    self.helper.layout = Layout(…)
  class Meta:
    model = TireCondition
    fields = [
      'metric1', 'metric2', …
      'truck',
    ]

JS fiddle for code repo。我不知道类似 DJango 的 Fiddle 环境...

脆皮与这个问题无关。表单可以包含在模板中:

{{form1}}
{{form2}}
...

{% crispy form1 form1.helper %} #although the helper name here is default and not needed
{% crispy form2 %} # form2.helper is implied
...

对于假设:

  • 我没有调用正确的 formfactory
    • 不需要表单工厂,因为任何一个表单都没有多个版本
  • 我没有正确使用表单集
    • 也不需要,因为没有任何单一形式的多个版本
  • 我没有在表单助手的布局中将表单字段正确引用到正确的模型字段
    • 有点真实
  • 无法进行布局,或者我应用了错误的代码结构来获得结果。
    • 请参阅下面的答案
  • 我不认为我可以直接在下面调用两个表单,因为它们不会nested/integrated
    • 一个可以,见下文

使用相关 objects/foreign 键创建集成表单的代码:

views.py:

if request.method == 'POST':
  formData = request.POST.dict()
  form1 = form1Form(formData, instance=currentUser, prefix='form1')
  form2 = form2Form(formData, truck=truck, user_cookie=currentUser, prefix='form2')
  form3 = form3Form(formData, truck=truck, instance=truck, user_cookie=currentUser, prefix='form3')
  form4 = form4Form(formData, truck=truck, user_cookie=currentUser, prefix='form4')
  userForm = userFormForm(formData, truck=truck, user_cookie=currentUser, prefix='userForm')
  ... Other forms as needed
if all([form1.is_valid(), form2.is_valid(), form3.is_valid(), form4.is_valid(), userForm.is_valid()]):
  currentUser.save()
  form1.save()
  form2.save()
  ...
# The Get
else:
  form1 = form1Form(instance=truck, prefix='form1')
  form2 = form2Form(instance=truck, prefix='form2')
  form3 = form3Form(instance=truck, prefix='form3')
  form4 = form4Form(instance=truck, prefix='form4')
  userForm = userForm(instance=currentUser, prefix='userForm')

return render(request, 'trucks/weeklyInspection.html', {
  'truck': truck,
  'form1': form1,
  'form2': form2,
  'form3': form3,
  'form4': form4,
  'userForm': userForm,
})

template.html:

<div class="container">
  <form action="{% url 'app:formAllView' truck=truck %}" class="form" method="post">
    {{ form1 }}
    {{ form2 }}
    {{ form3 }}
    {{ form4 }}
    # Either put the submit in the form here manually or in the form4 template
  </form>

forms.py

# create a shared 
class BaseSharedClass(forms.ModelForm):
  def save(self, commit=True):
  """Save the instance, but not to the DB jsut yet"""
  obj = super(WIBaseClass, self).save(commit=False)
  if commit:
    obj.currentUser = self.currentUser
    obj.truck = self.truck
    obj.save()
  return obj
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
  self.currentUser = kwargs.pop('currentUser', None)
  self.truck = kwargs.pop('truck', None)
  super(WIBaseClass, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

#note inherting the base shared class
class form1Form(BaseSharedClass):
  def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    super(form1Form, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

重要部分

在 forms.py

中构建表单时
  • 总体
    • 创建父类 class (BaseSharedClass),所有需要共享信息的表单都将继承自
    • 扩展所有需要父级共享信息的表单 class (class form1Form(BaseSharedClass) )
  • 关于初始化
    • 从表单中删除共享对象,以避免同一页面中所有表单的共享字段重复 (self.currentUser = kwargs.pop('currentUser' , None) && self.truck = kwargs.pop('truck', None) )
  • 关于储蓄
    • 重写保存函数来施展魔法
    • 制作 commit=false 以防止它刚刚保存
    • 从传入的上下文中添加相关字段(obj.currentUser = self.currentUser && obj.truck = self.truck),然后保存(obj.save( ))

在视图中创建表单时:

  • 将共享对象的实例传递给它instance=truck。如果您还需要访问其他对象,您也可以传递它们,例如 relatedObject=queriredObject
  • 传入前缀 prefix=formIdentifierN,因为这有助于 Django 跟踪哪些唯一信息、字段、条目与哪些表单相关联。不需要特殊的命名,并且 form1、form2 等...都可以正常工作,只要您知道它们分别是什么即可。

在视图中保存表单时:

  • 此处的所有内容(保存、错误处理等)都与单个表单相同,但您可以使用 all( [a,b,c,d] )
  • 在一行中检查它