在 ubuntu 个虚拟机中安装 devtools 包
Install devtools package in ubuntu VM
我尝试在 Ubuntu 16.04 VM 中安装 devtools 包
我错了。
其他我试过安装成功的包
但是我无法安装它，控制台中的过程是这样的：
> install.packages("devtools")
Installing package into ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
also installing the dependencies ‘curl’, ‘openssl’, ‘httr’, ‘git2r’
--2018-01-26 22:14:08-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/curl_3.1.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 366086 (358K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/curl_3.1.tar.gz’
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2018-01-26 22:14:09 (2,18 MB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/curl_3.1.tar.gz’ saved [366086/366086]
--2018-01-26 22:14:09-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/openssl_0.9.9.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1112927 (1,1M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/openssl_0.9.9.tar.gz’
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2018-01-26 22:14:13 (394 KB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/openssl_0.9.9.tar.gz’ saved [1112927/1112927]
--2018-01-26 22:14:13-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/httr_1.3.1.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 147593 (144K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/httr_1.3.1.tar.gz’
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2018-01-26 22:14:15 (212 KB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/httr_1.3.1.tar.gz’ saved [147593/147593]
--2018-01-26 22:14:15-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/git2r_0.21.0.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1155512 (1,1M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/git2r_0.21.0.tar.gz’
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2018-01-26 22:14:16 (1,93 MB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/git2r_0.21.0.tar.gz’ saved [1155512/1155512]
--2018-01-26 22:14:16-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/devtools_1.13.4.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 486348 (475K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/devtools_1.13.4.tar.gz’
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2018-01-26 22:14:17 (1,63 MB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/devtools_1.13.4.tar.gz’ saved [486348/486348]
* installing *source* package ‘curl’ ...
** package ‘curl’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Package libcurl was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libcurl.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libcurl' found
Package libcurl was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libcurl.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libcurl' found
Using PKG_CFLAGS=
Using PKG_LIBS=-lcurl
------------------------- ANTICONF ERROR ---------------------------
Configuration failed because libcurl was not found. Try installing:
* deb: libcurl4-openssl-dev (Debian, Ubuntu, etc)
* rpm: libcurl-devel (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL)
* csw: libcurl_dev (Solaris)
If libcurl is already installed, check that 'pkg-config' is in your
PATH and PKG_CONFIG_PATH contains a libcurl.pc file. If pkg-config
is unavailable you can set INCLUDE_DIR and LIB_DIR manually via:
R CMD INSTALL --configure-vars='INCLUDE_DIR=... LIB_DIR=...'
--------------------------------------------------------------------
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘curl’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/curl’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘curl’ had non-zero exit status
* installing *source* package ‘openssl’ ...
** package ‘openssl’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Using PKG_CFLAGS=
------------------------- ANTICONF ERROR ---------------------------
Configuration failed because openssl was not found. Try installing:
* deb: libssl-dev (Debian, Ubuntu, etc)
* rpm: openssl-devel (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL)
* csw: libssl_dev (Solaris)
* brew: openssl@1.1 (Mac OSX)
If openssl is already installed, check that 'pkg-config' is in your
PATH and PKG_CONFIG_PATH contains a openssl.pc file. If pkg-config
is unavailable you can set INCLUDE_DIR and LIB_DIR manually via:
R CMD INSTALL --configure-vars='INCLUDE_DIR=... LIB_DIR=...'
--------------------------------------------------------------------
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘openssl’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/openssl’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘openssl’ had non-zero exit status
* installing *source* package ‘git2r’ ...
** package ‘git2r’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yes
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -std=gnu99 -E
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking size of void*... 8
checking for library containing inflate... -lz
checking for library containing EVP_EncryptInit... no
checking for openssl... no
configure: error: in `/tmp/RtmpQ9e11v/R.INSTALL82977388520/git2r':
configure: error:
---------------------------------------------
The OpenSSL library that is required to
build git2r was not found.
Please install:
libssl-dev (package on e.g. Debian and Ubuntu)
openssl-devel (package on e.g. Fedora, CentOS and RHEL)
openssl (Homebrew package on OS X)
and try again.
If the OpenSSL library is installed on
your system but the git2r configuration
is unable to find it, you can specify
the include and lib path to OpenSSL with:
R CMD INSTALL --configure-args='--with-libssl-include=INCLUDE_PATH --with-libssl-lib=LIB_PATH' git2r
---------------------------------------------
See `config.log' for more details
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘git2r’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/git2r’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘git2r’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependencies ‘curl’, ‘openssl’ are not available for package ‘httr’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/httr’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘httr’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependencies ‘httr’, ‘git2r’ are not available for package ‘devtools’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/devtools’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘devtools’ had non-zero exit status
The downloaded source packages are in
‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages’
知道如何安装吗？如果我使用终端而不是 Rstudio，问题是相同的 R
同时从github安装汽车包，因为我在工具->安装包列表中找不到它有问题：
> library(devtools)
> install_github("cran/car")
Downloading GitHub repo cran/car@master
from URL https://api.github.com/repos/cran/car/zipball/master
Installing car
--2018-01-26 22:39:07-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/pbkrtest_0.4-7.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 156406 (153K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/pbkrtest_0.4-7.tar.gz’
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150K .. 100% 8,52M=0,09s
2018-01-26 22:39:07 (1,68 MB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/pbkrtest_0.4-7.tar.gz’ saved [156406/156406]
Installing pbkrtest
--2018-01-26 22:39:11-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/lme4_1.1-15.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 3610706 (3,4M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/lme4_1.1-15.tar.gz’
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2018-01-26 22:39:12 (6,14 MB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/lme4_1.1-15.tar.gz’ saved [3610706/3610706]
Installing lme4
--2018-01-26 22:39:20-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/nloptr_1.0.4.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 353957 (346K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/nloptr_1.0.4.tar.gz’
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2018-01-26 22:39:22 (448 KB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/nloptr_1.0.4.tar.gz’ saved [353957/353957]
Installing nloptr
'/usr/lib/R/bin/R' --no-site-file --no-environ --no-save --no-restore --quiet CMD INSTALL \
'/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/devtools756410ec724/nloptr' --library='/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2' --install-tests
ERROR: failed to lock directory ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2’ for modifying
Try removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/00LOCK-nloptr’
Installation failed: Command failed (3)
'/usr/lib/R/bin/R' --no-site-file --no-environ --no-save --no-restore --quiet CMD INSTALL '/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/devtools7561eb5da54/lme4' \
--library='/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2' --install-tests
ERROR: dependency ‘nloptr’ is not available for package ‘lme4’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/lme4’
Installation failed: Command failed (1)
'/usr/lib/R/bin/R' --no-site-file --no-environ --no-save --no-restore --quiet CMD INSTALL \
'/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/devtools75623bf595c/pbkrtest' --library='/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2' --install-tests
ERROR: dependency ‘lme4’ is not available for package ‘pbkrtest’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/pbkrtest’
Installation failed: Command failed (1)
'/usr/lib/R/bin/R' --no-site-file --no-environ --no-save --no-restore --quiet CMD INSTALL \
'/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/devtools75635e8f138/cran-car-4f39fce' --library='/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2' --install-tests
ERROR: dependency ‘pbkrtest’ is not available for package ‘car’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/car’
Installation failed: Command failed (1)
当然，答案在您粘贴的输出中。您需要在 OS（与在 R 中相反）中安装以下依赖项：
libcurl4-openssl-dev
libssl-dev
要安装它们，运行 在您的终端中：
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
然后转到 R 并尝试重新安装 "devtools"。
猜猜你需要添加
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev
还。这是因为 devtools 也需要包 xml2。
从 Ubuntu 开始，20.0 devtools 可作为 r-cran ubuntu 软件包使用。
https://packages.ubuntu.com/groovy/r-cran-devtools
安装 sudo apt-get install r-cran-devtools
我尝试在 Ubuntu 16.04 VM 中安装 devtools 包 我错了。
其他我试过安装成功的包
但是我无法安装它，控制台中的过程是这样的：
> install.packages("devtools")
Installing package into ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
also installing the dependencies ‘curl’, ‘openssl’, ‘httr’, ‘git2r’
--2018-01-26 22:14:08-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/curl_3.1.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 366086 (358K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/curl_3.1.tar.gz’
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2018-01-26 22:14:09 (2,18 MB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/curl_3.1.tar.gz’ saved [366086/366086]
--2018-01-26 22:14:09-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/openssl_0.9.9.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
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2018-01-26 22:14:13 (394 KB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/openssl_0.9.9.tar.gz’ saved [1112927/1112927]
--2018-01-26 22:14:13-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/httr_1.3.1.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 147593 (144K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/httr_1.3.1.tar.gz’
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2018-01-26 22:14:15 (212 KB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/httr_1.3.1.tar.gz’ saved [147593/147593]
--2018-01-26 22:14:15-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/git2r_0.21.0.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1155512 (1,1M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/git2r_0.21.0.tar.gz’
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2018-01-26 22:14:16 (1,93 MB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/git2r_0.21.0.tar.gz’ saved [1155512/1155512]
--2018-01-26 22:14:16-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/devtools_1.13.4.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
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2018-01-26 22:14:17 (1,63 MB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages/devtools_1.13.4.tar.gz’ saved [486348/486348]
* installing *source* package ‘curl’ ...
** package ‘curl’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Package libcurl was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libcurl.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libcurl' found
Package libcurl was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libcurl.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'libcurl' found
Using PKG_CFLAGS=
Using PKG_LIBS=-lcurl
------------------------- ANTICONF ERROR ---------------------------
Configuration failed because libcurl was not found. Try installing:
* deb: libcurl4-openssl-dev (Debian, Ubuntu, etc)
* rpm: libcurl-devel (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL)
* csw: libcurl_dev (Solaris)
If libcurl is already installed, check that 'pkg-config' is in your
PATH and PKG_CONFIG_PATH contains a libcurl.pc file. If pkg-config
is unavailable you can set INCLUDE_DIR and LIB_DIR manually via:
R CMD INSTALL --configure-vars='INCLUDE_DIR=... LIB_DIR=...'
--------------------------------------------------------------------
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘curl’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/curl’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘curl’ had non-zero exit status
* installing *source* package ‘openssl’ ...
** package ‘openssl’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Using PKG_CFLAGS=
------------------------- ANTICONF ERROR ---------------------------
Configuration failed because openssl was not found. Try installing:
* deb: libssl-dev (Debian, Ubuntu, etc)
* rpm: openssl-devel (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL)
* csw: libssl_dev (Solaris)
* brew: openssl@1.1 (Mac OSX)
If openssl is already installed, check that 'pkg-config' is in your
PATH and PKG_CONFIG_PATH contains a openssl.pc file. If pkg-config
is unavailable you can set INCLUDE_DIR and LIB_DIR manually via:
R CMD INSTALL --configure-vars='INCLUDE_DIR=... LIB_DIR=...'
--------------------------------------------------------------------
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘openssl’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/openssl’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘openssl’ had non-zero exit status
* installing *source* package ‘git2r’ ...
** package ‘git2r’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yes
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -std=gnu99 -E
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking size of void*... 8
checking for library containing inflate... -lz
checking for library containing EVP_EncryptInit... no
checking for openssl... no
configure: error: in `/tmp/RtmpQ9e11v/R.INSTALL82977388520/git2r':
configure: error:
---------------------------------------------
The OpenSSL library that is required to
build git2r was not found.
Please install:
libssl-dev (package on e.g. Debian and Ubuntu)
openssl-devel (package on e.g. Fedora, CentOS and RHEL)
openssl (Homebrew package on OS X)
and try again.
If the OpenSSL library is installed on
your system but the git2r configuration
is unable to find it, you can specify
the include and lib path to OpenSSL with:
R CMD INSTALL --configure-args='--with-libssl-include=INCLUDE_PATH --with-libssl-lib=LIB_PATH' git2r
---------------------------------------------
See `config.log' for more details
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘git2r’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/git2r’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘git2r’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependencies ‘curl’, ‘openssl’ are not available for package ‘httr’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/httr’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘httr’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependencies ‘httr’, ‘git2r’ are not available for package ‘devtools’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/devtools’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘devtools’ had non-zero exit status
The downloaded source packages are in
‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/downloaded_packages’
知道如何安装吗？如果我使用终端而不是 Rstudio，问题是相同的 R
同时从github安装汽车包，因为我在工具->安装包列表中找不到它有问题：
> library(devtools)
> install_github("cran/car")
Downloading GitHub repo cran/car@master
from URL https://api.github.com/repos/cran/car/zipball/master
Installing car
--2018-01-26 22:39:07-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/pbkrtest_0.4-7.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 156406 (153K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/pbkrtest_0.4-7.tar.gz’
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150K .. 100% 8,52M=0,09s
2018-01-26 22:39:07 (1,68 MB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/pbkrtest_0.4-7.tar.gz’ saved [156406/156406]
Installing pbkrtest
--2018-01-26 22:39:11-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/lme4_1.1-15.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 3610706 (3,4M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/lme4_1.1-15.tar.gz’
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2018-01-26 22:39:12 (6,14 MB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/lme4_1.1-15.tar.gz’ saved [3610706/3610706]
Installing lme4
--2018-01-26 22:39:20-- https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/nloptr_1.0.4.tar.gz
Resolving cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)... 54.230.27.181
Connecting to cran.rstudio.com (cran.rstudio.com)|54.230.27.181|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 353957 (346K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/nloptr_1.0.4.tar.gz’
0K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 14% 1,11M 0s
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2018-01-26 22:39:22 (448 KB/s) - ‘/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/nloptr_1.0.4.tar.gz’ saved [353957/353957]
Installing nloptr
'/usr/lib/R/bin/R' --no-site-file --no-environ --no-save --no-restore --quiet CMD INSTALL \
'/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/devtools756410ec724/nloptr' --library='/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2' --install-tests
ERROR: failed to lock directory ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2’ for modifying
Try removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/00LOCK-nloptr’
Installation failed: Command failed (3)
'/usr/lib/R/bin/R' --no-site-file --no-environ --no-save --no-restore --quiet CMD INSTALL '/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/devtools7561eb5da54/lme4' \
--library='/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2' --install-tests
ERROR: dependency ‘nloptr’ is not available for package ‘lme4’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/lme4’
Installation failed: Command failed (1)
'/usr/lib/R/bin/R' --no-site-file --no-environ --no-save --no-restore --quiet CMD INSTALL \
'/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/devtools75623bf595c/pbkrtest' --library='/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2' --install-tests
ERROR: dependency ‘lme4’ is not available for package ‘pbkrtest’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/pbkrtest’
Installation failed: Command failed (1)
'/usr/lib/R/bin/R' --no-site-file --no-environ --no-save --no-restore --quiet CMD INSTALL \
'/tmp/RtmpIF4wAz/devtools75635e8f138/cran-car-4f39fce' --library='/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2' --install-tests
ERROR: dependency ‘pbkrtest’ is not available for package ‘car’
* removing ‘/home/stefan/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.2/car’
Installation failed: Command failed (1)
当然，答案在您粘贴的输出中。您需要在 OS（与在 R 中相反）中安装以下依赖项：
libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev
要安装它们，运行 在您的终端中：
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
然后转到 R 并尝试重新安装 "devtools"。
猜猜你需要添加
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev
还。这是因为 devtools 也需要包 xml2。
从 Ubuntu 开始，20.0 devtools 可作为 r-cran ubuntu 软件包使用。 https://packages.ubuntu.com/groovy/r-cran-devtools
安装 sudo apt-get install r-cran-devtools