Cython：编译一个独立的静态可执行文件
Cython: Compile a Standalone Static Executable
我正在尝试编译不使用动态加载程序的可执行文件（ELF 文件）。
我使用 Cython 将 Python 编译为 C:
cython3 -3 test.py --embed
然后
gcc test.c -otest $(pkg-config --libs --cflags python3)
编译C生成文件。
现在我想在静态可执行文件中编译 test.c。
通常我使用 -static 标志，但在这里它是 return collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status.
我该怎么办？
编辑 1： 不是完整的消息，因为正文限制为 30000 个字符
一长串像这样的警告和错误:
...
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x430): undefined reference to `XML_SetStartCdataSectionHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x458): undefined reference to `XML_SetEndCdataSectionHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x480): undefined reference to `XML_SetDefaultHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x4a8): undefined reference to `XML_SetDefaultHandlerExpand'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x4d0): undefined reference to `XML_SetNotStandaloneHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x4f8): undefined reference to `XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x520): undefined reference to `XML_SetStartDoctypeDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x548): undefined reference to `XML_SetEndDoctypeDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x570): undefined reference to `XML_SetEntityDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x598): undefined reference to `XML_SetXmlDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x5c0): undefined reference to `XML_SetElementDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x5e8): undefined reference to `XML_SetAttlistDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x610): undefined reference to `XML_SetSkippedEntityHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x6c): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x9c): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0xbc): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x11b): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x153): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.text.unlikely+0x173): more undefined references to `XML_ErrorString' follow
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1c62): undefined reference to `XML_GetErrorCode'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1c6d): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1c78): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentLineNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1c83): undefined reference to `XML_Parse'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1c8e): undefined reference to `XML_ParserCreate_MM'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1c99): undefined reference to `XML_ParserFree'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1ca4): undefined reference to `XML_SetCharacterDataHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1caf): undefined reference to `XML_SetCommentHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1cba): undefined reference to `XML_SetDefaultHandlerExpand'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1cc5): undefined reference to `XML_SetElementHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1cd0): undefined reference to `XML_SetNamespaceDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1cdb): undefined reference to `XML_SetProcessingInstructionHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1ce6): undefined reference to `XML_SetUnknownEncodingHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1cf1): undefined reference to `XML_SetUserData'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1cfc): undefined reference to `XML_SetStartDoctypeDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1d07): undefined reference to `XML_SetEncoding'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x267b): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentLineNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x26d5): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x272a): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentByteIndex'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x27ee): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x281c): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentByteIndex'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x2853): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentLineNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x286d): undefined reference to `XML_GetErrorCode'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `pyexpat_xmlparser_Parse.cold.21':
(.text.unlikely+0x28f0): undefined reference to `XML_Parse'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `call_with_frame.isra.7.cold.24':
(.text.unlikely+0x2a9a): undefined reference to `XML_StopParser'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `get_parse_result.cold.27':
(.text.unlikely+0x2b0a): undefined reference to `XML_GetErrorCode'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `call_character_handler.cold.28':
(.text.unlikely+0x2b33): undefined reference to `XML_SetCharacterDataHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `call_character_handler.cold.28':
(.text.unlikely+0x2b95): undefined reference to `XML_SetCharacterDataHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `set_error.isra.8':
(.text.unlikely+0x2e1a): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentLineNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `set_error.isra.8':
(.text.unlikely+0x2e25): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `set_error.isra.8':
(.text.unlikely+0x2e30): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `pyexpat_xmlparser_UseForeignDTD':
(.text.unlikely+0x307f): undefined reference to `XML_UseForeignDTD'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `pyexpat_ErrorString':
(.text.unlikely+0x3b4d): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `pyexpat_xmlparser_GetBase':
(.text.unlikely+0x414e): undefined reference to `XML_GetBase'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `pyexpat_xmlparser_GetInputContext':
(.text.unlikely+0x449b): undefined reference to `XML_GetInputContext'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `flag_error':
(.text.unlikely+0x31e5): undefined reference to `XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `my_ElementDeclHandler':
(.text.unlikely+0x3836): undefined reference to `XML_FreeContentModel'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `os_openpty':
(.text.unlikely+0x1447): undefined reference to `openpty'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `os_forkpty':
(.text.unlikely+0x1e6e): undefined reference to `forkpty'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(faulthandler.o): In function `faulthandler_thread':
(.text.unlikely+0x618): undefined reference to `pthread_sigmask'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__register_frame_info.part.4':
(.text+0x1662): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_lock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__register_frame_info_bases':
(.text+0x16e7): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_lock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__register_frame_info_table_bases':
(.text+0x17bb): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_lock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__deregister_frame_info_bases':
(.text+0x185e): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_lock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__deregister_frame_info_bases':
(.text+0x18e6): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_unlock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `_Unwind_Find_FDE':
(.text+0x19c6): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_lock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `_Unwind_Find_FDE':
(.text+0x1a16): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_unlock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `_Unwind_Find_FDE':
(.text+0x1b00): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_unlock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__register_frame_info.part.4':
(.text+0x1681): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_unlock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__register_frame_info_bases':
(.text+0x1706): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_unlock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__register_frame_info_table_bases':
(.text+0x17da): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_unlock'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
编辑 2：
确切的 gcc 命令行：
gcc test.c -otest -static $(pkg-config --libs --cflags python3) -lc -lpthread -lexpat -lz -ldl -lutil -lm
编辑 3：
这是 locate:
的结果
$ locate libexpat.a libc.a libm.a libz.a libpthread.a libdl.a libutil.a libpython3.5m.a | grep x86_64-
linux-gnu
/usr/lib/python3.5/config-3.5m-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.a
所以我应该拥有我需要的所有静态库。
这是新错误，比第一个短：
$ gcc pregex.c -otest -static $(pkg-config --libs --cflags python3) -lc -lpthread -lexpat -lz -ldl -lutil -lm
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `posix_getgrouplist':
(.text.unlikely+0x3aa6): warning: Using 'getgrouplist' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `posix_initgroups':
(.text.unlikely+0x3cc1): warning: Using 'initgroups' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(grpmodule.o): In function `grp_getgrall':
(.text+0x2f5): warning: Using 'getgrent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(grpmodule.o): In function `grp_getgrgid':
(.text+0xe9): warning: Using 'getgrgid' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(grpmodule.o): In function `grp_getgrnam':
(.text+0x266): warning: Using 'getgrnam' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(grpmodule.o): In function `grp_getgrall':
(.text+0x2c9): warning: Using 'setgrent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(grpmodule.o): In function `grp_getgrall.cold.7':
(.text.unlikely+0x15a): warning: Using 'endgrent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pwdmodule.o): In function `pwd_getpwall':
(.text+0x285): warning: Using 'getpwent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pwdmodule.o): In function `pwd_getpwnam':
(.text+0x1ee): warning: Using 'getpwnam' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pwdmodule.o): In function `pwd_getpwuid':
(.text+0x9f): warning: Using 'getpwuid' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pwdmodule.o): In function `pwd_getpwall':
(.text+0x259): warning: Using 'setpwent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pwdmodule.o): In function `pwd_getpwall.cold.6':
(.text.unlikely+0x14d): warning: Using 'endpwent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(socketmodule.o): In function `socket_getaddrinfo':
(.text+0x167b): warning: Using 'getaddrinfo' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(spwdmodule.o): In function `spwd_getspall':
(.text.unlikely+0x1a6): warning: Using 'getspent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(spwdmodule.o): In function `spwd_getspnam':
(.text.unlikely+0x27b): warning: Using 'getspnam' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(spwdmodule.o): In function `spwd_getspall':
(.text.unlikely+0x1a1): warning: Using 'setspent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(spwdmodule.o): In function `spwd_getspall':
(.text.unlikely+0x1f7): warning: Using 'endspent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(socketmodule.o): In function `socket_gethostbyaddr':
(.text+0x2d45): warning: Using 'gethostbyaddr_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(socketmodule.o): In function `socket_gethostbyname_ex':
(.text.unlikely+0x1ae4): warning: Using 'gethostbyname_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(socketmodule.o): In function `socket_getprotobyname':
(.text.unlikely+0x33ff): warning: Using 'getprotobyname' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(socketmodule.o): In function `socket_getservbyname':
(.text.unlikely+0x2263): warning: Using 'getservbyname' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(socketmodule.o): In function `socket_getservbyport':
(.text.unlikely+0x34c3): warning: Using 'getservbyport' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.a(lowlevellock.o): In function `__lll_lock_wait_private':
/build/glibc-Cl5G7W/glibc-2.23/nptl/../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/lowlevellock.S:78: multiple definition of `__lll_lock_wait_private'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.a(libc-lowlevellock.o):(.text+0x0): first defined here
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.a(lowlevellock.o): In function `__lll_unlock_wake_private':
/build/glibc-Cl5G7W/glibc-2.23/nptl/../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/lowlevellock.S:328: multiple definition of `__lll_unlock_wake_private'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.a(libc-lowlevellock.o):(.text+0x30): first defined here
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(dynload_shlib.o): In function `_PyImport_FindSharedFuncptr':
(.text+0x7c): warning: Using 'dlopen' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
编辑 4：
好的，现在我可以使用此命令行编译而不会出错：
$ gcc -static test.c -otest $(pkg-config --libs --cflags python3) -lm -lutil -ldl -lz -lexpat -lpthread -lc
我不知道为什么但是最后有-lc它编译！
问题是警告仍然在输出消息中：
很多这样的警告：
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(dynload_shlib.o): In function `_PyImport_FindSharedFuncptr':
(.text+0x7c): warning: Using 'dlopen' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
如您所见，失败的 linkage 中的所有未定义引用
位于 linked 对象文件中，这些文件是 libpython3.5m.a 的成员，其中
是您 link 年龄要求的 python3 库的静态版本
pkg-config --libs --cflags python3.
的命令行
到 link 一个完全静态的可执行文件 (-static) 当 linkage
包括 libpython3.5m.a，linker 还必须找到所有的静态 (*.a) 版本
libpython3.5m.a 依赖于1 的库。动态的
(*.so) 所有这些依赖项的版本都安装在您的系统上。
这就是为什么：
gcc test.c -otest $(pkg-config --libs --cflags python3)
成功，没有 -static。这些依赖项的静态版本是
并非全部安装在您的系统上。因此所有未定义的参考
link添加时出现年龄错误 -static。
我自己的系统有python3.6，我看到：
$ pkg-config --libs python-3.6
-lpython3.6m
和：
$ locate libpython3.6m.so
/usr/lib/python3.6/config-3.6m-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0
libpython3.6m.so的动态依赖是：
$ ldd /usr/lib/python3.6/config-3.6m-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffc475af000)
libexpat.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1 (0x00007fa87cf6e000)
libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007fa87cd51000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fa87cb32000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fa87c92e000)
libutil.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil.so.1 (0x00007fa87c72a000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007fa87c3d4000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fa87bff4000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fa87d85a000)
我们可以忽略第一个和最后一个，它们看起来不像常规库
确实不是2。所以，我得出的结论是
为了满足 libpython3.6a 的静态依赖，我需要安装
静态版本：-
libexpat
libz
libpthread
libdl
libutil
libm
libc
将由这些库的开发包提供。由于我的系统是 64 位 Ubuntu，我会过滤那些开发包
通过：
$ dpkg --search libexpat.a libz.a libpthread.a libdl.a libutil.a libm.a libc.a | grep amd64
libexpat1-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.a
zlib1g-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.a
libc6-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.a
libc6-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.a
libc6-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil.a
libc6-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.a
libc6-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.a
并安装它们：
sudo apt install libexpat1-dev zlib1g-dev libc6-dev
你没有透露你的系统是什么，但毫无疑问你可以适应这个
想发现 libpython3.5m.a 的静态依赖关系，无论如何
你的系统是。
[1] 严格来说，所有
您 linking libpython3.5m.a 的成员所依赖的图书馆，
但我们不会那么小气。
[2] 第一个是图书馆的vDSO,
根本不是真正的文件。第二个是 linux 装载机。
我正在尝试编译不使用动态加载程序的可执行文件（ELF 文件）。
我使用 Cython 将 Python 编译为 C:
cython3 -3 test.py --embed
然后
gcc test.c -otest $(pkg-config --libs --cflags python3)
编译C生成文件。
现在我想在静态可执行文件中编译 test.c。
通常我使用 -static 标志，但在这里它是 return collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status.
我该怎么办？
编辑 1： 不是完整的消息，因为正文限制为 30000 个字符
一长串像这样的警告和错误:
...
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x430): undefined reference to `XML_SetStartCdataSectionHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x458): undefined reference to `XML_SetEndCdataSectionHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x480): undefined reference to `XML_SetDefaultHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x4a8): undefined reference to `XML_SetDefaultHandlerExpand'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x4d0): undefined reference to `XML_SetNotStandaloneHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x4f8): undefined reference to `XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x520): undefined reference to `XML_SetStartDoctypeDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x548): undefined reference to `XML_SetEndDoctypeDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x570): undefined reference to `XML_SetEntityDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x598): undefined reference to `XML_SetXmlDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x5c0): undefined reference to `XML_SetElementDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x5e8): undefined reference to `XML_SetAttlistDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.data+0x610): undefined reference to `XML_SetSkippedEntityHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x6c): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x9c): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0xbc): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x11b): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x153): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o):(.text.unlikely+0x173): more undefined references to `XML_ErrorString' follow
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1c62): undefined reference to `XML_GetErrorCode'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1c6d): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1c78): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentLineNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1c83): undefined reference to `XML_Parse'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1c8e): undefined reference to `XML_ParserCreate_MM'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1c99): undefined reference to `XML_ParserFree'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1ca4): undefined reference to `XML_SetCharacterDataHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1caf): undefined reference to `XML_SetCommentHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1cba): undefined reference to `XML_SetDefaultHandlerExpand'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1cc5): undefined reference to `XML_SetElementHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1cd0): undefined reference to `XML_SetNamespaceDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1cdb): undefined reference to `XML_SetProcessingInstructionHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1ce6): undefined reference to `XML_SetUnknownEncodingHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1cf1): undefined reference to `XML_SetUserData'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1cfc): undefined reference to `XML_SetStartDoctypeDeclHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `PyInit_pyexpat.cold.17':
(.text.unlikely+0x1d07): undefined reference to `XML_SetEncoding'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x267b): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentLineNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x26d5): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x272a): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentByteIndex'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x27ee): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x281c): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentByteIndex'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x2853): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentLineNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `xmlparse_getattro.cold.20':
(.text.unlikely+0x286d): undefined reference to `XML_GetErrorCode'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `pyexpat_xmlparser_Parse.cold.21':
(.text.unlikely+0x28f0): undefined reference to `XML_Parse'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `call_with_frame.isra.7.cold.24':
(.text.unlikely+0x2a9a): undefined reference to `XML_StopParser'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `get_parse_result.cold.27':
(.text.unlikely+0x2b0a): undefined reference to `XML_GetErrorCode'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `call_character_handler.cold.28':
(.text.unlikely+0x2b33): undefined reference to `XML_SetCharacterDataHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `call_character_handler.cold.28':
(.text.unlikely+0x2b95): undefined reference to `XML_SetCharacterDataHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `set_error.isra.8':
(.text.unlikely+0x2e1a): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentLineNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `set_error.isra.8':
(.text.unlikely+0x2e25): undefined reference to `XML_GetCurrentColumnNumber'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `set_error.isra.8':
(.text.unlikely+0x2e30): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `pyexpat_xmlparser_UseForeignDTD':
(.text.unlikely+0x307f): undefined reference to `XML_UseForeignDTD'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `pyexpat_ErrorString':
(.text.unlikely+0x3b4d): undefined reference to `XML_ErrorString'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `pyexpat_xmlparser_GetBase':
(.text.unlikely+0x414e): undefined reference to `XML_GetBase'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `pyexpat_xmlparser_GetInputContext':
(.text.unlikely+0x449b): undefined reference to `XML_GetInputContext'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `flag_error':
(.text.unlikely+0x31e5): undefined reference to `XML_SetExternalEntityRefHandler'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pyexpat.o): In function `my_ElementDeclHandler':
(.text.unlikely+0x3836): undefined reference to `XML_FreeContentModel'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `os_openpty':
(.text.unlikely+0x1447): undefined reference to `openpty'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `os_forkpty':
(.text.unlikely+0x1e6e): undefined reference to `forkpty'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(faulthandler.o): In function `faulthandler_thread':
(.text.unlikely+0x618): undefined reference to `pthread_sigmask'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__register_frame_info.part.4':
(.text+0x1662): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_lock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__register_frame_info_bases':
(.text+0x16e7): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_lock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__register_frame_info_table_bases':
(.text+0x17bb): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_lock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__deregister_frame_info_bases':
(.text+0x185e): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_lock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__deregister_frame_info_bases':
(.text+0x18e6): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_unlock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `_Unwind_Find_FDE':
(.text+0x19c6): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_lock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `_Unwind_Find_FDE':
(.text+0x1a16): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_unlock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `_Unwind_Find_FDE':
(.text+0x1b00): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_unlock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__register_frame_info.part.4':
(.text+0x1681): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_unlock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__register_frame_info_bases':
(.text+0x1706): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_unlock'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/libgcc_eh.a(unwind-dw2-fde-dip.o): In function `__register_frame_info_table_bases':
(.text+0x17da): undefined reference to `pthread_mutex_unlock'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
编辑 2： 确切的 gcc 命令行：
gcc test.c -otest -static $(pkg-config --libs --cflags python3) -lc -lpthread -lexpat -lz -ldl -lutil -lm
编辑 3：
这是 locate:
$ locate libexpat.a libc.a libm.a libz.a libpthread.a libdl.a libutil.a libpython3.5m.a | grep x86_64-
linux-gnu
/usr/lib/python3.5/config-3.5m-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.a
所以我应该拥有我需要的所有静态库。
这是新错误，比第一个短：
$ gcc pregex.c -otest -static $(pkg-config --libs --cflags python3) -lc -lpthread -lexpat -lz -ldl -lutil -lm
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `posix_getgrouplist':
(.text.unlikely+0x3aa6): warning: Using 'getgrouplist' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(posixmodule.o): In function `posix_initgroups':
(.text.unlikely+0x3cc1): warning: Using 'initgroups' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(grpmodule.o): In function `grp_getgrall':
(.text+0x2f5): warning: Using 'getgrent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(grpmodule.o): In function `grp_getgrgid':
(.text+0xe9): warning: Using 'getgrgid' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(grpmodule.o): In function `grp_getgrnam':
(.text+0x266): warning: Using 'getgrnam' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(grpmodule.o): In function `grp_getgrall':
(.text+0x2c9): warning: Using 'setgrent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(grpmodule.o): In function `grp_getgrall.cold.7':
(.text.unlikely+0x15a): warning: Using 'endgrent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pwdmodule.o): In function `pwd_getpwall':
(.text+0x285): warning: Using 'getpwent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pwdmodule.o): In function `pwd_getpwnam':
(.text+0x1ee): warning: Using 'getpwnam' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pwdmodule.o): In function `pwd_getpwuid':
(.text+0x9f): warning: Using 'getpwuid' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pwdmodule.o): In function `pwd_getpwall':
(.text+0x259): warning: Using 'setpwent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(pwdmodule.o): In function `pwd_getpwall.cold.6':
(.text.unlikely+0x14d): warning: Using 'endpwent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(socketmodule.o): In function `socket_getaddrinfo':
(.text+0x167b): warning: Using 'getaddrinfo' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(spwdmodule.o): In function `spwd_getspall':
(.text.unlikely+0x1a6): warning: Using 'getspent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(spwdmodule.o): In function `spwd_getspnam':
(.text.unlikely+0x27b): warning: Using 'getspnam' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(spwdmodule.o): In function `spwd_getspall':
(.text.unlikely+0x1a1): warning: Using 'setspent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(spwdmodule.o): In function `spwd_getspall':
(.text.unlikely+0x1f7): warning: Using 'endspent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(socketmodule.o): In function `socket_gethostbyaddr':
(.text+0x2d45): warning: Using 'gethostbyaddr_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(socketmodule.o): In function `socket_gethostbyname_ex':
(.text.unlikely+0x1ae4): warning: Using 'gethostbyname_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(socketmodule.o): In function `socket_getprotobyname':
(.text.unlikely+0x33ff): warning: Using 'getprotobyname' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(socketmodule.o): In function `socket_getservbyname':
(.text.unlikely+0x2263): warning: Using 'getservbyname' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(socketmodule.o): In function `socket_getservbyport':
(.text.unlikely+0x34c3): warning: Using 'getservbyport' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.a(lowlevellock.o): In function `__lll_lock_wait_private':
/build/glibc-Cl5G7W/glibc-2.23/nptl/../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/lowlevellock.S:78: multiple definition of `__lll_lock_wait_private'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.a(libc-lowlevellock.o):(.text+0x0): first defined here
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.a(lowlevellock.o): In function `__lll_unlock_wake_private':
/build/glibc-Cl5G7W/glibc-2.23/nptl/../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/lowlevellock.S:328: multiple definition of `__lll_unlock_wake_private'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.a(libc-lowlevellock.o):(.text+0x30): first defined here
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(dynload_shlib.o): In function `_PyImport_FindSharedFuncptr':
(.text+0x7c): warning: Using 'dlopen' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
编辑 4：
好的，现在我可以使用此命令行编译而不会出错：
$ gcc -static test.c -otest $(pkg-config --libs --cflags python3) -lm -lutil -ldl -lz -lexpat -lpthread -lc
我不知道为什么但是最后有-lc它编译！
问题是警告仍然在输出消息中：
很多这样的警告：
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.5m.a(dynload_shlib.o): In function `_PyImport_FindSharedFuncptr':
(.text+0x7c): warning: Using 'dlopen' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
如您所见，失败的 linkage 中的所有未定义引用
位于 linked 对象文件中，这些文件是 libpython3.5m.a 的成员，其中
是您 link 年龄要求的 python3 库的静态版本
pkg-config --libs --cflags python3.
到 link 一个完全静态的可执行文件 (-static) 当 linkage
包括 libpython3.5m.a，linker 还必须找到所有的静态 (*.a) 版本
libpython3.5m.a 依赖于1 的库。动态的
(*.so) 所有这些依赖项的版本都安装在您的系统上。
这就是为什么：
gcc test.c -otest $(pkg-config --libs --cflags python3)
成功，没有 -static。这些依赖项的静态版本是
并非全部安装在您的系统上。因此所有未定义的参考
link添加时出现年龄错误 -static。
我自己的系统有python3.6，我看到：
$ pkg-config --libs python-3.6
-lpython3.6m
和：
$ locate libpython3.6m.so
/usr/lib/python3.6/config-3.6m-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0
libpython3.6m.so的动态依赖是：
$ ldd /usr/lib/python3.6/config-3.6m-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffc475af000)
libexpat.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1 (0x00007fa87cf6e000)
libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007fa87cd51000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fa87cb32000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fa87c92e000)
libutil.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil.so.1 (0x00007fa87c72a000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007fa87c3d4000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fa87bff4000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fa87d85a000)
我们可以忽略第一个和最后一个，它们看起来不像常规库
确实不是2。所以，我得出的结论是
为了满足 libpython3.6a 的静态依赖，我需要安装
静态版本：-
libexpat
libz
libpthread
libdl
libutil
libm
libc
将由这些库的开发包提供。由于我的系统是 64 位 Ubuntu，我会过滤那些开发包 通过：
$ dpkg --search libexpat.a libz.a libpthread.a libdl.a libutil.a libm.a libc.a | grep amd64
libexpat1-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.a
zlib1g-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.a
libc6-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.a
libc6-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.a
libc6-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libutil.a
libc6-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.a
libc6-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.a
并安装它们：
sudo apt install libexpat1-dev zlib1g-dev libc6-dev
你没有透露你的系统是什么，但毫无疑问你可以适应这个
想发现 libpython3.5m.a 的静态依赖关系，无论如何
你的系统是。
[1] 严格来说，所有 您 linking
libpython3.5m.a 的成员所依赖的图书馆，
但我们不会那么小气。
[2] 第一个是图书馆的vDSO, 根本不是真正的文件。第二个是 linux 装载机。