为什么我在下面给出的代码中出现 org.openqa.selenium.StaleElementReferenceException 异常？
Why am I getting org.openqa.selenium.StaleElementReferenceException exception in my code given below?
大家好，我试图制作一个 Selenium 脚本，通过从 Excel 文件（.xlt 格式）中获取数据来验证用户名和密码文本框的有效性，但每当我 运行在我的代码中，它在成功循环 运行 后出现以下错误。代码如下：
package com.selenium.com.selenium.practise;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import jxl.Sheet;
import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
public class MultipleCasesUsingExcel {
public static WebDriver driver = null;
@Test
public void Test() throws BiffException, IOException, InterruptedException {
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// Clicking on My Account Link
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='top']/body/div/div/div[3]/div/div[4]/ul/li[1]/a")).click();
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
WebElement emailTextBox = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='email']"));
WebElement pwdTextBox = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='pass']"));
WebElement loginBtn = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@id='send2']"));
Workbook book = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("C:\Users\Umang Bhatia\Documents\data.xlt"));
Sheet sheet = book.getSheet(0);
for (int i = 0; i < sheet.getRows(); i++) {
for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
driver.switchTo().window(handle);
}
for (int j = 0; j < sheet.getColumns() - 1; j++) {
emailTextBox.sendKeys(sheet.getCell(j, i).getContents());
pwdTextBox.sendKeys(sheet.getCell(j + 1, i).getContents());
loginBtn.click();
emailTextBox.clear();
pwdTextBox.clear();
}
Thread.sleep(3000);
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@BeforeMethod
public void beforeMethod() {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"C:\Users\Umang Bhatia\Documents\Selenium Drivers\chrome driver\chromedriver.exe");
driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.navigate().to("http://live.guru99.com/index.php/");
}
@AfterMethod
public void afterMethod() {
driver.quit();
}
}
并且在第一次成功循环 运行 后出现以下错误：
[RemoteTestNG] detected TestNG version 6.13.1
Starting ChromeDriver 2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f) on port 36887
Only local connections are allowed.
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.apache.http.client.protocol.RequestAddCookies).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info.
FAILED: Test
org.openqa.selenium.StaleElementReferenceException: stale element reference: element is not attached to the page document
(Session info: chrome=63.0.3239.132)
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f),platform=Windows NT 10.0.10586 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
Command duration or timeout: 31 milliseconds
For documentation on this error, please visit: http://seleniumhq.org/exceptions/stale_element_reference.html
Build info: version: '2.48.2', revision: '41bccdd', time: '2015-10-09 19:55:52'
System info: host: 'DESKTOP-59DNS54', ip: '192.168.2.5', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '1.8.0_121'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Capabilities [{applicationCacheEnabled=false, rotatable=false, mobileEmulationEnabled=false, networkConnectionEnabled=false, chrome={chromedriverVersion=2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f), userDataDir=C:\Users\UMANGB~1\AppData\Local\Temp\scoped_dir13984_1984}, takesHeapSnapshot=true, pageLoadStrategy=normal, databaseEnabled=false, handlesAlerts=true, hasTouchScreen=false, version=63.0.3239.132, platform=XP, browserConnectionEnabled=false, nativeEvents=true, acceptSslCerts=true, locationContextEnabled=true, webStorageEnabled=true, browserName=chrome, takesScreenshot=true, javascriptEnabled=true, cssSelectorsEnabled=true, setWindowRect=true, unexpectedAlertBehaviour=}]
Session ID: eb78d1ac176166bdaa86da5dc12e09c0
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:206)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:158)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:647)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement.execute(RemoteWebElement.java:326)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement.clear(RemoteWebElement.java:139)
at com.selenium.com.selenium.practise.MultipleCasesUsingExcel.Test(MultipleCasesUsingExcel.java:55)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:124)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:571)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:707)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:979)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:125)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:109)
at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:648)
at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:505)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:455)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:450)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:415)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:364)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:84)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1187)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1116)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1028)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:996)
at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:114)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:251)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:77)
===============================================
Default test
Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Skips: 0
===============================================
===============================================
Default suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Skips: 0
===============================================
任何人都可以解释为什么我会收到此错误以及如何修复它
那是因为您在测试中更改了页面，因此您的元素引用中断了。看看 WebDriverExtensions。此框架提供了在新 windows 中打开链接的方法，而不会使 WebElements 的引用无效，并启用元素的动态查找。
或者，如果您不想使用这个框架，您可以像这样在循环中重新搜索您的元素：
//...
for (int j = 0; j < sheet.getColumns() - 1; j++) {
// add these lines
emailTextBox = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='email']"));
pwdTextBox = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='pass']"));
loginBtn = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@id='send2']"));
// clear inputs before login. After you click loginBtn, the page
// changes, and references of WebElements are invalidated,
// thus your emailTextBox.clear(); methods threw anexception
emailTextBox.clear();
pwdTextBox.clear();
emailTextBox.sendKeys(sheet.getCell(j, i).getContents());
pwdTextBox.sendKeys(sheet.getCell(j + 1, i).getContents());
loginBtn.click();
}
大家好，我试图制作一个 Selenium 脚本，通过从 Excel 文件（.xlt 格式）中获取数据来验证用户名和密码文本框的有效性，但每当我 运行在我的代码中，它在成功循环 运行 后出现以下错误。代码如下：
package com.selenium.com.selenium.practise;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import jxl.Sheet;
import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
public class MultipleCasesUsingExcel {
public static WebDriver driver = null;
@Test
public void Test() throws BiffException, IOException, InterruptedException {
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// Clicking on My Account Link
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='top']/body/div/div/div[3]/div/div[4]/ul/li[1]/a")).click();
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
WebElement emailTextBox = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='email']"));
WebElement pwdTextBox = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='pass']"));
WebElement loginBtn = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@id='send2']"));
Workbook book = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("C:\Users\Umang Bhatia\Documents\data.xlt"));
Sheet sheet = book.getSheet(0);
for (int i = 0; i < sheet.getRows(); i++) {
for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
driver.switchTo().window(handle);
}
for (int j = 0; j < sheet.getColumns() - 1; j++) {
emailTextBox.sendKeys(sheet.getCell(j, i).getContents());
pwdTextBox.sendKeys(sheet.getCell(j + 1, i).getContents());
loginBtn.click();
emailTextBox.clear();
pwdTextBox.clear();
}
Thread.sleep(3000);
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@BeforeMethod
public void beforeMethod() {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"C:\Users\Umang Bhatia\Documents\Selenium Drivers\chrome driver\chromedriver.exe");
driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.navigate().to("http://live.guru99.com/index.php/");
}
@AfterMethod
public void afterMethod() {
driver.quit();
}
}
并且在第一次成功循环 运行 后出现以下错误：
[RemoteTestNG] detected TestNG version 6.13.1
Starting ChromeDriver 2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f) on port 36887
Only local connections are allowed.
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.apache.http.client.protocol.RequestAddCookies).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info.
FAILED: Test
org.openqa.selenium.StaleElementReferenceException: stale element reference: element is not attached to the page document
(Session info: chrome=63.0.3239.132)
(Driver info: chromedriver=2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f),platform=Windows NT 10.0.10586 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
Command duration or timeout: 31 milliseconds
For documentation on this error, please visit: http://seleniumhq.org/exceptions/stale_element_reference.html
Build info: version: '2.48.2', revision: '41bccdd', time: '2015-10-09 19:55:52'
System info: host: 'DESKTOP-59DNS54', ip: '192.168.2.5', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '1.8.0_121'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Capabilities [{applicationCacheEnabled=false, rotatable=false, mobileEmulationEnabled=false, networkConnectionEnabled=false, chrome={chromedriverVersion=2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f), userDataDir=C:\Users\UMANGB~1\AppData\Local\Temp\scoped_dir13984_1984}, takesHeapSnapshot=true, pageLoadStrategy=normal, databaseEnabled=false, handlesAlerts=true, hasTouchScreen=false, version=63.0.3239.132, platform=XP, browserConnectionEnabled=false, nativeEvents=true, acceptSslCerts=true, locationContextEnabled=true, webStorageEnabled=true, browserName=chrome, takesScreenshot=true, javascriptEnabled=true, cssSelectorsEnabled=true, setWindowRect=true, unexpectedAlertBehaviour=}]
Session ID: eb78d1ac176166bdaa86da5dc12e09c0
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:206)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:158)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:647)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement.execute(RemoteWebElement.java:326)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebElement.clear(RemoteWebElement.java:139)
at com.selenium.com.selenium.practise.MultipleCasesUsingExcel.Test(MultipleCasesUsingExcel.java:55)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:124)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:571)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:707)
at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:979)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:125)
at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:109)
at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:648)
at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:505)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:455)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:450)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:415)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:364)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:84)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1187)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1116)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1028)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:996)
at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:114)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:251)
at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:77)
===============================================
Default test
Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Skips: 0
===============================================
===============================================
Default suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Skips: 0
===============================================
任何人都可以解释为什么我会收到此错误以及如何修复它
那是因为您在测试中更改了页面，因此您的元素引用中断了。看看 WebDriverExtensions。此框架提供了在新 windows 中打开链接的方法，而不会使 WebElements 的引用无效，并启用元素的动态查找。
或者，如果您不想使用这个框架，您可以像这样在循环中重新搜索您的元素：
//...
for (int j = 0; j < sheet.getColumns() - 1; j++) {
// add these lines
emailTextBox = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='email']"));
pwdTextBox = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='pass']"));
loginBtn = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@id='send2']"));
// clear inputs before login. After you click loginBtn, the page
// changes, and references of WebElements are invalidated,
// thus your emailTextBox.clear(); methods threw anexception
emailTextBox.clear();
pwdTextBox.clear();
emailTextBox.sendKeys(sheet.getCell(j, i).getContents());
pwdTextBox.sendKeys(sheet.getCell(j + 1, i).getContents());
loginBtn.click();
}