按字母顺序或降序对多个数组进行排序

Question

该程序应该接受学生的姓氏 (LN)、名字 (FN)、中间名首字母 (MI)、地址 (ADD)、第一、第二、第三和第四季度成绩（FIR、SEC , THR, FTH), 计算四个输入成绩的平均值，并按字母顺序（姓氏）或降序（平均值）显示所有信息。

它应该是这样的：

.
.    Last name:                 First name:                 Middle Intial:     Address:
.
.                   First Quarter grades:
.                   Second Quarter grades:
.                   Third Quarter grades:
.                   Fourth Quarter grades:
.                   Average:
.
.    Which way do you want to arrange the names? Enter A to alphabetize or B to arrange in descending order by grade.

之后，它应该清除屏幕并只显示名称。

.
.    List:
.
.    Apple, Johnny K. from Kansas 89 91 89 91 90.0
.    Graham, Crackers L. from N.Y. 79 81 79 81 80.0
.

本来应该收90个学生，但我定了3个作为考号。

输入所有数据后，会结束说"segmentation fault"。

有人可以告诉我我做错了什么吗？我应该在最后一部分使用 puts 而不是 printf 吗？如果是这样，我该怎么做？

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main()
{
int a=0, SW=1, x, y, i, j, FIR[100], SEC[100], THR[100], FTH[100], AVE[100], sum=0, temp2[100];
char LN[15][90], FN[15][90], MI[5][90], ADD[50][90], OPT, temp1[50];
while(SW)
{
    clrscr();
    sum=0;

    gotoxy(10,2);
    printf("Family name: ");
    gotoxy(35,2);
    printf("First name: ");
    gotoxy(60,2);
    printf("Middle initial: ");
    gotoxy(80,2);
    printf("Address: ");
    gotoxy(25,4);
    printf("1st Quarter Grade: ");
    gotoxy(25,5);
    printf("2nd Quarter Grade: ");
    gotoxy(25,6);
    printf("3rd Quarter Grade: ");
    gotoxy(25,7);
    printf("4th Quarter Grade: ");
    gotoxy(25,8);
    printf("Average: ");
    gotoxy(23,2);
    fgets(LN[a],15,stdin);
    gotoxy(47,2);
    fgets(FN[a],15,stdin);
    gotoxy(76,2);
    fgets(MI[a],15,stdin);
    gotoxy(89,2);
    fgets(ADD[a],15,stdin);
    gotoxy(44,4); 
    scanf("%d",&FIR[a]);
    sum+=FIR[a];
    gotoxy(44,5);
    scanf("%d",&SEC[a]);
    sum+=SEC[a];
    gotoxy(44,6);
    scanf("%d",&THR[a]);
    sum+=THR[a];
    gotoxy(44,7);
    scanf("%d",&FTH[a]);
    sum+=FTH[a];
    AVE[a]=(float)sum/4;
    gotoxy(34,8);
    printf("%d",AVE[a]);
    a++;
    if(a==3)
        SW=0;
    getch();    
}        
gotoxy(10,10);
printf("Which way do you want to arrange the names? Enter A to alphabetize or B to arrange in descending order by grade. ");
gotoxy(10,11);
scanf("%c",&OPT);
if(OPT=='A' || OPT=='a')
{
    for(x=0;x<=2;x++){
        for(y=x+1;y<=2;y++){
            if(strcmp(LN[x],LN[y])>0){
                strcpy(temp1, LN[x]);
                strcpy(LN[x], LN[y]);
                strcpy(LN[y], temp1);
                strcpy(temp1, FN[x]);
                strcpy(FN[x], FN[y]);
                strcpy(FN[y], temp1);
                strcpy(temp1, MI[x]);
                strcpy(MI[x], MI[y]);
                strcpy(MI[y], temp1);
                strcpy(temp1, ADD[x]);
                strcpy(ADD[x], ADD[y]);
                strcpy(ADD[y], temp1);
                strcpy(temp2, FIR[x]);
                strcpy(FIR[x], FIR[y]);
                strcpy(FIR[y], temp2);
                strcpy(temp2, SEC[x]);
                strcpy(SEC[x], SEC[y]);
                strcpy(SEC[y], temp2);
                strcpy(temp2, THR[x]);
                strcpy(THR[x], THR[y]);
                strcpy(THR[y], temp2);
                strcpy(temp2, FTH[x]);
                strcpy(FTH[x], FTH[y]);
                strcpy(FTH[y], temp2);
                strcpy(temp2, AVE[x]);
                strcpy(AVE[x], AVE[y]);
                strcpy(AVE[y], temp2);
            }
        }
    }
}    
else
{
    for(x=0;x<=2;x++){
        for(y=x+1;x<=2;x++){
            if(AVE[x]<AVE[y]){
                strcpy(temp1, LN[x]);
                strcpy(LN[x], LN[y]);
                strcpy(LN[y], temp1);
                strcpy(temp1, FN[x]);
                strcpy(FN[x], FN[y]);
                strcpy(FN[y], temp1);
                strcpy(temp1, MI[x]);
                strcpy(MI[x], MI[y]);
                strcpy(MI[y], temp1);
                strcpy(temp1, ADD[x]);
                strcpy(ADD[x], ADD[y]);
                strcpy(ADD[y], temp1);
                strcpy(temp2, FIR[x]);
                strcpy(FIR[x], FIR[y]);
                strcpy(FIR[y], temp2);
                strcpy(temp2, SEC[x]);
                strcpy(SEC[x], SEC[y]);
                strcpy(SEC[y], temp2);
                strcpy(temp2, THR[x]);
                strcpy(THR[x], THR[y]);
                strcpy(THR[y], temp2);
                strcpy(temp2, FTH[x]);
                strcpy(FTH[x], FTH[y]);
                strcpy(FTH[y], temp2);
                strcpy(temp2, AVE[x]);
                strcpy(AVE[x], AVE[y]);
                strcpy(AVE[y], temp2);
            }
        }
    }
}
gotoxy(10,15);
printf("List: ");
for(j=17;j<=19;j++){
    for(x=0;x<=2;x++){
    i=10;
    gotoxy(i,j);
    printf("%s,%s %s",LN[x],FN[x],MI[x]);
    i+=40;
    gotoxy(i,j);
    printf("%f",FIR[x]);
    i+=5;
    gotoxy(i,j);
    printf("%f",SEC[x]);
    i+=5;
    gotoxy(i,j);
    printf("%f",THR[x]);
    i+=5;
    gotoxy(i,j);
    printf("%f",FTH[x]);
    i+=5;
    gotoxy(i,j);
    printf("%f",AVE[x]);
    i+=5;
    gotoxy(i,j);
    printf("from %s",ADD[x]);
    }
}

}

编辑：我不知道我在做什么。我只是想通过 8 年级的计算机科学。

Answer 1

This program is supposed to accept a student's last name (LN), first name (FN), middle initial (MI), address (ADD), first, second, third, and fourth quarter grades (FIR, SEC, THR, FTH), compute for the average of the four inputted grades, and display all the info either alphabetically (last names) or descending order (averages).

您当前使用的设计无法维护且杂乱无章。听起来你需要用一个结构来代表一个学生:

#define MAX_LNAME    80
#define MAX_FNAME    32
#define MAX_ADDRESS  128

typedef struct {
    char lname[MAX_LNAME];
    char fname[MAX_FNAME];
    char address[MAX_ADDRESS];
    double fir, sec, thr, fth;
} student;

然后是一些将操纵或创建 student 结构的函数

student mkstudent(char *lname, char *fname, char *address, 
                  double fir, double sec, double thr, double fth)
{
    student ret;

    strcpy(ret.lname, lname);
    strcpy(ret.fname, fname);
    strcpy(ret.address, address);
    ret.fir = fir; ret.sec = sec; ret.thr = thr; ret.fth = fth;

    return ret;
}
double getAve(const student *s)
{
    return (s->fir + s->sec + s->thr + s->fth) / 4.;
}
void print(const student *s)
{
    printf("%s, %s from %s: %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf\n", s->lname, s->fname, 
               s->address, s->fir, s->sec, s->thr, s->fth, getAve(s));
}

您的程序要求对学生进行排序，因此您需要使用 qsort（来自 <stdlib.h>）

int sortAlpha(const void *a, const void *b)
{
    return strcmp( ((const student *) a)->lname, 
                   ((const student *) b)->lname );
}

int sortAves(const void *pa, const void *pb)
{
    const student *a = (const student *) pa;
    const student *b = (const student *) pb;

    double aAve = getAve(a), bAve = getAve(b);

    if (aAve == bAve) return 0;
    if (aAve > bAve) return -1;
    if (aAve < bAve) return 1;
}

#define SORT_LNAME 0    /* sort by last name */
#define SORT_AVES  1    /* sort by average, in descending order */

/* howSort will be one of the two macros defined above */
void sort(students *roster, size_t n, int howSort)
{
    if (howSort == SORT_LNAME)
        qsort(roster, n, sizeof *roster, sortAlpha);
    else (howSort == SORT_AVES)
        qsort(roster, n, sizeof *roster, sortAves);
}

既然你已经编写了这个接口，那么你可以通过调用上面实现的各种例程来编写你的主函数

int main()
{
    /* array of student structures, possibly read them in from a file, 
       possibly print them, then ask user how to sort, etc. */
}

按字母顺序或降序对多个数组进行排序

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