在 React 中使用 MetaMask 的 web3

Using web3 from MetaMask in React

我正在尝试在 React js 应用程序中使用 MetaMask 的 web3,如下所示:

import Web3 from 'web3';

    componentDidMount(){
            if (typeof web3 !== 'undefined') {
                console.log(web3.currentProvider);
                    // Use Mist/MetaMask's provider
                    var web3js = new Web3(web3.currentProvider);

                    web3.version.getNetwork((err, netId) => {
                    switch (netId) {
                        case "1":
                            console.log('This is mainnet')
                            break
                        case "2":
                            console.log('This is the deprecated Morden test network.')
                            break
                        case "3":
                            console.log('This is the ropsten test network.')
                            break
                        case "4":
                            console.log('This is the Rinkeby test network.')
                            break
                        case "42":
                            console.log('This is the Kovan test network.')
                            break
                        default:
                            console.log('This is an unknown network.')
                    }
                })
            } else {
                    console.log('No web3? You should consider trying MetaMask!')
            }           
        }

这是我在 chrome 的开发控制台中得到的输出:

很明显,在某些时候 web3 被 MetaMask 基于前两行正确定义,但随后反应抛出一个错误,说 web3 没有为它出现在里面的实例定义 if(typeof web3 !== 'undefined').我尝试过的所有方法都会导致相同的错误或 web3 无法加载。

您应该在浏览器中使用像 MetaMask 这样的 web3 提供程序。 这是我用于 web3 检测的脚本:

window.addEventListener('load', function () {
    if (typeof web3 !== 'undefined') {        
        window.web3 = new Web3(window.web3.currentProvider)

        if (window.web3.currentProvider.isMetaMask === true) {
            window.web3.eth.getAccounts((error, accounts) => {
                if (accounts.length == 0) {
                    // there is no active accounts in MetaMask
                }
                else {
                    // It's ok
                }
            });
        } else {
            // Another web3 provider
        }
    } else {
        // No web 3 provider
    }    
});

请注意,自 2018 年 11 月起,breaking change to MetaMask MetaMask 将不再自动将 web3 注入浏览器。相反,用户必须通过接受由 window.ethereum.enable() 创建的提示对话框来授予 DApp 对其帐户的访问权限。请参阅以下代码,了解如何在现代 DApp 浏览器和旧版 DApp 浏览器中处理 MetaMask。

// Modern DApp Browsers
if (window.ethereum) {
   web3 = new Web3(window.ethereum);
   try { 
      window.ethereum.enable().then(function() {
          // User has allowed account access to DApp...
      });
   } catch(e) {
      // User has denied account access to DApp...
   }
}
// Legacy DApp Browsers
else if (window.web3) {
    web3 = new Web3(window.web3.currentProvider);
}
// Non-DApp Browsers
else {
    alert('You have to install MetaMask !');
}

对于想要解决此问题的新读者,截至 January 2021, Metamask has removed it's injected window.web3 API。要将您的应用程序连接到 Metamask,我会尝试这样的操作

export const connectWallet = async () => {
  if (window.ethereum) { //check if Metamask is installed
        try {
            const address = await window.ethereum.enable(); //connect Metamask
            const obj = {
                    connectedStatus: true,
                    status: "",
                    address: address
                }
                return obj;
             
        } catch (error) {
            return {
                connectedStatus: false,
                status: " Connect to Metamask using the button on the top right."
            }
        }
        
  } else {
        return {
            connectedStatus: false,
            status: " You must install Metamask into your browser: https://metamask.io/download.html"
        }
      } 
};

this tutorial on creating an NFT Minter with React中,您还可以学习如何通过Metamask调用智能合约功能和签署交易!祝你好运:)

感谢您对此问题的其他回答。我参考他们在我的项目中创建这个钩子。


export function useCheckMetaMaskInstalled() {
  const [installed, setInstalled] = useState(false);
  useEffect(() => {
    if (window.ethereum) {
      setInstalled(true);
    }
  }, []);
  return installed;
}