Unittest.mock - 如何模拟连接对象对 cursor.execute() 的调用？

Question

我试图在下面的代码中用 mock 删除 cursor.execute() 以便我可以测试执行是用格式正确的查询调用的：

// Module ABC

def buildAndExecuteQuery( tablesAndColumnsToSelect ):
   '''Build and execute a query.

   Args: tablesAndColumnsToSelect (dict)
         - keys are table names, values are columns

   '''
   query = ..... < logic to build query > ....

   from django.db import connections
   cursor = connections[ 'mydb' ].cursor()
   cursor.execute( query )

如何使用模拟库在 python2.7 中完成此类模拟？

Answer 1

因为我不知道你的查询逻辑是什么，所以我修改了 query 以直接通过 tables_and_columns_to_select 参数接受标记值。

# b_and_ex_q.py


def build_and_execute_query(tables_and_columns_to_select):
    """Build and execute a query.

    Args: tablesAndColumnsToSelect (dict)
          - keys are table names, values are columns

    """

    query = tables_and_columns_to_select  # ..... < logic to build query > ....

    from django.db import connections

    cursor = connections['mydb'].cursor()
    cursor.execute(query)

import unittest

from mock import patch, sentinel

from b_and_ex_q import build_and_execute_query


class TestCursorExecute(unittest.TestCase):
    @patch('django.db.connections')
    def test_build_and_execute_query(self, mock_connections):
        # Arrange
        mock_cursor = mock_connections.__getitem__('mydb').cursor.return_value

        # Act
        build_and_execute_query(sentinel.t_and_c)

        # Assert
        mock_cursor.execute.assert_called_once_with(sentinel.t_and_c)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Answer 2

我将通过示例扩展@G_M 的回答，因为我有两个反对意见：

在我看来，显式关闭数据库游标是一种很好的做法，更多信息请参见：Necessity of explicit cursor.close(). This can be done by using the cursor as a context manager, more in Django docs: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/db/sql/#connections-and-cursors。
使用 mock 时，我们不应在定义对象的地方修补对象：

The basic principle is that you patch where an object is looked up, which is not necessarily the same place as where it is defined. A couple of examples will help to clarify this.

参考：https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock.html#where-to-patch

示例：

我们要测试的功能：

# foooo_bar.py
from typing import Optional

from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, connections


def some_function(some_arg: str, db_alias: Optional[str] = DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS):
    with connections[db_alias].cursor() as cursor:
        cursor.execute('SOME SQL FROM %s;', [some_arg])

测试：

# test_foooo_bar.py
from unittest import mock

from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
from django.test import SimpleTestCase

from core.db_utils.xx import some_function


class ExampleSimpleTestCase(SimpleTestCase):
    @mock.patch('foooo_bar.connections')
    def test_some_function_executes_some_sql(self, mock_connections):
        mock_cursor = mock_connections.__getitem__(DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS).cursor.return_value.__enter__.return_value
        some_function('fooo')

        # Demonstrating assert_* options:
        mock_cursor.execute.assert_called_once()
        mock_cursor.execute.assert_called()
        mock_cursor.execute.assert_called_once_with('SOME SQL FROM %s;', ['fooo'])

Unittest.mock - 如何模拟连接对象对 cursor.execute() 的调用？

Unittest.mock - how to mock a call to cursor.execute() from connection object?

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