将 PNG 图像和其他资源嵌入 OS X 可执行文件
Embedding PNG image and other resources into OS X executable
现代应用程序以图形为中心。向用户显示信息或为灰色应用程序提供创造性、艺术感的图形。大多数时候，在 运行 时间加载图形是有意义的：在图像编辑程序中，在设置自定义个人资料图片时等。
但是应该 不变 的图形呢？例如，我有一个应用程序，旨在为登录屏幕提供背景。此背景永远不会在应用程序的版本中更改，因此不应位于需要与可执行文件一起提供的单独文件中。其他程序和用户也可能修改单独的文件。 Xcode 附带了一个聪明的资产系统，它允许您将资产添加到 assets.xcassets 文件，然后使用像 imageNamed:@"nameOfImageInAssets.png" 这样的方法来创建一个 NSImage，其中名称表示资产包中的图像，Xcode 将自动复制到应用程序的资源文件夹。
这不可移植，Windows 资源文件也不可移植。我看过很多文章，其中大部分建议使用xxd或gnu链接器来转这个图像：
使用以下命令 进入 header 文件：
xxd -i Users/username/Pictures/SaltBae.png SaltBae.h
SaltBae.h
unsigned char _Users_username_Pictures_SaltBae_png[] = {
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unsigned int _Users_username_Pictures_SaltBae_png_len = 1863;
我敢肯定，这读起来很痛苦，存储在磁盘上也同样痛苦。以上文件仅适用于您看到的图像的 20*20 版本。可以想象，以这种方式存储时，高清图像的文件大小会变得非常大。原始包含文件根本行不通。
有人建议的解决方法是使用 预编译 headers，但据我所知，这是以可移植性为代价的。
暂时忽略大小问题我 运行 遇到另一个问题：我似乎无法从文件中的 unsigned char 数组创建 NSImage。
我得到了以下代码：
auto test = (unsigned char * _Nullable *)&_Users_username_Pictures_SaltBae_png[0];
NSBitmapImageRep *rep = [[NSBitmapImageRep alloc]
initWithBitmapDataPlanes:nil
pixelsWide:20
pixelsHigh:20
bitsPerSample:16
samplesPerPixel:3
hasAlpha:NO
isPlanar:NO
colorSpaceName:NSDeviceRGBColorSpace
bytesPerRow:(3*2*20)
bitsPerPixel:48];
NSImage *theImage = [[NSImage alloc] initWithSize:NSMakeSize(20, 20)];
[theImage addRepresentation:rep];
然后我继续为图像命名并将 NSView 的内容设置为图像。
theImage.name = @"customImage";
[查看setBackgroundImage:@"customImage"];
根据我传递给位图的参数，它要么是空白的，要么会抛出访问错误。当将视图的图像设置为应用程序资源文件夹中的某个内容时，图像工作正常：
[查看setBackgroundImage:@"imageInResourceFolder"];
所以我的问题是：如何使用 Xcode 正确、可移植地将数据（图像、音频等）嵌入到可执行文件中，以及如何正确访问 header 中的数据以定义一个 NSImage 可以用作我的面板的背景？
更新：
Daij 的回答解决了我访问数据的问题，我能够从嵌入式数据中生成以下 window：
似乎你大部分都拥有它...只需抓住字节*将其放入 NSData 并将其制作成图像
NSData *imageData = [NSData dataWithBytes:byteArray length:arrayLength];
NSImage *image = [[NSImage alloc] initWithData:imageData];
这假设您拥有的指针指向有效的图像数据；）
你可以 link 进入 ld（搜索我的 github 示例 DDEmbeddedDataReader 但任何过程都有效.. #define 数组或将其放入 .c 文件中的变量中.. .随便你:)
...我写了 DDEmbeddedDataReader 看看这是否值得，但我决定只使用外部资产。为什么？您不想增加资源的二进制大小...
我使用 GBA / NDS - 一个带 ROM 的嵌入式系统。最大的问题之一是将图像放入游戏中，因为大约 1mB 的闪存是没有的。正因为如此，一个解决方案就是你所做的——将字节分配到一个数组中，作为指向像素块的指针。关于如何表示此类数据存在很多动荡，结论在编译文件中，因此您不必像使用 headers 那样每次都重新编译（更不用说它会破坏您的 ram）。
但是，将其存储在已编译的 object 文件中有一个好处：您可以将数据重新定位到您需要的位置。事实上，您甚至不需要数据本身的符号，整个方法都可以为 binutils 解决方案而废弃。有一个名为 bin2o 的常见应用程序漂浮在互联网上的某个地方，它自动读取文件并输出具有 3 个符号的 object 文件的过程：数据长度、数据指针、数据结束。这样你就可以编译和 link 图像，而不必将数据转换成混乱的数组。
我不希望您找到并使用 bin2o（它不在 binutils 中），但是，它确实是某些嵌入式编译器的标准配置。他们中的一些人将代码翻译成c，即eww。我将在这里解释如何使用 binutils 自己完成。虽然，我是一名 C 程序员，对 obj-c 略有了解，但是，正如我研究的那样，它应该与 objects 相同。需要翻译，见谅
Need-to-know的：
- 目标格式 (mingw64
x86_64-w64-mingw32)
- 输入格式（可能
binary）
- 输出架构（mingw64
i386:x86-64:intel）
您可以从 binutils 调用 objcopy，其中 -I 是输入格式，-O 是输出格式，-B 是二进制体系结构。假设我有一个名为 cow.bmp 的图像：我会 运行 在我的 intel mingw64 x64 windows pc objcopy -I binary -O x86_64-w64-mingw32 -B i386:x86-64:intel cow.bmp cow.o 上，它将创建带有 3 个符号的 cow.o。
- _binary_cow_bmp_bin_start
- _binary_cow_bmp_bin_end
- _binary_cow_bmp_bin_size
你最终会 link 需要 cow.o 在一起。这是 C 中的 MWE：
#include <stdio.h> // just some standard headers
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
extern void* _binary_cow_bmp_bin_start; // points to nothing
extern void* _binary_cow_bmp_bin_end; // however the address points to the data
extern void* _binary_cow_bmp_bin_size; // use &_binary... to get the data
// To access the values pointing to above is undefined behavior,
// but not the address of the undefined values are defined
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
char* data = (char*) &_binary_cow_bmp_bin_start; // character/byte array
size_t size = (size_t)&_binary_cow_bmp_bin_size; // length of data
printf("Size:`%Iu`\nData:`%9.9s`\n", size, data); // pretty output
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
输出：
Size:`196662`
Data:` BM6`
（注意它看起来歪斜了，但它的 6 个空格符合 9.9 的要求）
现代应用程序以图形为中心。向用户显示信息或为灰色应用程序提供创造性、艺术感的图形。大多数时候，在 运行 时间加载图形是有意义的：在图像编辑程序中，在设置自定义个人资料图片时等。
但是应该 不变 的图形呢？例如，我有一个应用程序，旨在为登录屏幕提供背景。此背景永远不会在应用程序的版本中更改，因此不应位于需要与可执行文件一起提供的单独文件中。其他程序和用户也可能修改单独的文件。 Xcode 附带了一个聪明的资产系统，它允许您将资产添加到 assets.xcassets 文件，然后使用像 imageNamed:@"nameOfImageInAssets.png" 这样的方法来创建一个 NSImage，其中名称表示资产包中的图像，Xcode 将自动复制到应用程序的资源文件夹。
这不可移植，Windows 资源文件也不可移植。我看过很多文章，其中大部分建议使用xxd或gnu链接器来转这个图像：
进入 header 文件：
xxd -i Users/username/Pictures/SaltBae.png SaltBae.h
SaltBae.h
unsigned char _Users_username_Pictures_SaltBae_png[] = {
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unsigned int _Users_username_Pictures_SaltBae_png_len = 1863;
我敢肯定，这读起来很痛苦，存储在磁盘上也同样痛苦。以上文件仅适用于您看到的图像的 20*20 版本。可以想象，以这种方式存储时，高清图像的文件大小会变得非常大。原始包含文件根本行不通。
有人建议的解决方法是使用 预编译 headers，但据我所知，这是以可移植性为代价的。
暂时忽略大小问题我 运行 遇到另一个问题：我似乎无法从文件中的 unsigned char 数组创建 NSImage。
我得到了以下代码：
auto test = (unsigned char * _Nullable *)&_Users_username_Pictures_SaltBae_png[0];
NSBitmapImageRep *rep = [[NSBitmapImageRep alloc]
initWithBitmapDataPlanes:nil
pixelsWide:20
pixelsHigh:20
bitsPerSample:16
samplesPerPixel:3
hasAlpha:NO
isPlanar:NO
colorSpaceName:NSDeviceRGBColorSpace
bytesPerRow:(3*2*20)
bitsPerPixel:48];
NSImage *theImage = [[NSImage alloc] initWithSize:NSMakeSize(20, 20)];
[theImage addRepresentation:rep];
然后我继续为图像命名并将 NSView 的内容设置为图像。 theImage.name = @"customImage"; [查看setBackgroundImage:@"customImage"];
根据我传递给位图的参数，它要么是空白的，要么会抛出访问错误。当将视图的图像设置为应用程序资源文件夹中的某个内容时，图像工作正常： [查看setBackgroundImage:@"imageInResourceFolder"]; 所以我的问题是：如何使用 Xcode 正确、可移植地将数据（图像、音频等）嵌入到可执行文件中，以及如何正确访问 header 中的数据以定义一个 NSImage 可以用作我的面板的背景？
更新：
Daij 的回答解决了我访问数据的问题，我能够从嵌入式数据中生成以下 window：
似乎你大部分都拥有它...只需抓住字节*将其放入 NSData 并将其制作成图像
NSData *imageData = [NSData dataWithBytes:byteArray length:arrayLength];
NSImage *image = [[NSImage alloc] initWithData:imageData];
这假设您拥有的指针指向有效的图像数据；）
你可以 link 进入 ld（搜索我的 github 示例 DDEmbeddedDataReader 但任何过程都有效.. #define 数组或将其放入 .c 文件中的变量中.. .随便你:)
...我写了 DDEmbeddedDataReader 看看这是否值得，但我决定只使用外部资产。为什么？您不想增加资源的二进制大小...
我使用 GBA / NDS - 一个带 ROM 的嵌入式系统。最大的问题之一是将图像放入游戏中，因为大约 1mB 的闪存是没有的。正因为如此，一个解决方案就是你所做的——将字节分配到一个数组中，作为指向像素块的指针。关于如何表示此类数据存在很多动荡，结论在编译文件中，因此您不必像使用 headers 那样每次都重新编译（更不用说它会破坏您的 ram）。
但是，将其存储在已编译的 object 文件中有一个好处：您可以将数据重新定位到您需要的位置。事实上，您甚至不需要数据本身的符号，整个方法都可以为 binutils 解决方案而废弃。有一个名为 bin2o 的常见应用程序漂浮在互联网上的某个地方，它自动读取文件并输出具有 3 个符号的 object 文件的过程：数据长度、数据指针、数据结束。这样你就可以编译和 link 图像，而不必将数据转换成混乱的数组。
我不希望您找到并使用 bin2o（它不在 binutils 中），但是，它确实是某些嵌入式编译器的标准配置。他们中的一些人将代码翻译成c，即eww。我将在这里解释如何使用 binutils 自己完成。虽然，我是一名 C 程序员，对 obj-c 略有了解，但是，正如我研究的那样，它应该与 objects 相同。需要翻译，见谅
Need-to-know的：
- 目标格式 (mingw64
x86_64-w64-mingw32) - 输入格式（可能
binary） - 输出架构（mingw64
i386:x86-64:intel）
您可以从 binutils 调用 objcopy，其中 -I 是输入格式，-O 是输出格式，-B 是二进制体系结构。假设我有一个名为 cow.bmp 的图像：我会 运行 在我的 intel mingw64 x64 windows pc objcopy -I binary -O x86_64-w64-mingw32 -B i386:x86-64:intel cow.bmp cow.o 上，它将创建带有 3 个符号的 cow.o。
- _binary_cow_bmp_bin_start
- _binary_cow_bmp_bin_end
- _binary_cow_bmp_bin_size
你最终会 link 需要 cow.o 在一起。这是 C 中的 MWE：
#include <stdio.h> // just some standard headers
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
extern void* _binary_cow_bmp_bin_start; // points to nothing
extern void* _binary_cow_bmp_bin_end; // however the address points to the data
extern void* _binary_cow_bmp_bin_size; // use &_binary... to get the data
// To access the values pointing to above is undefined behavior,
// but not the address of the undefined values are defined
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
char* data = (char*) &_binary_cow_bmp_bin_start; // character/byte array
size_t size = (size_t)&_binary_cow_bmp_bin_size; // length of data
printf("Size:`%Iu`\nData:`%9.9s`\n", size, data); // pretty output
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
输出：
Size:`196662`
Data:` BM6`
（注意它看起来歪斜了，但它的 6 个空格符合 9.9 的要求）