汉诺塔非递归函数

Towers of Hanoi non-recursive function

我正在尝试找出如何在下面的函数 hanoi_2 中为河内塔问题实施非递归算法,但我不知道如何继续...

它抛出一个错误:"can't pop from empty list"。当我输入一个奇数时,它会以某种方式工作,但是,当第三个回合通过时,事情就出错了。当盘数输入为偶数时,程序甚至不启动。

怎么了?

from turtle import *
from tkinter import *  # used for the dialog box
from tkinter.simpledialog import askinteger  # used for the dialog box
from tkinter import ttk  # used for the progress bar
import time  # used for time-related functions (in pause)
import pickle  # used to save an object to a file

class Disc(Turtle):
    def __init__(self, n):
        Turtle.__init__(self, shape="square", visible=False)
        self.pu()
        self.shapesize(1.5, n*1.5, 2)  # square-->rectangle
        self.fillcolor(n/10., 0, 1-n/10.)
        self.st()
        self.speed(11-n)  # sets the speed of movement of the rectangles (the bigger, the slower)
        self.moves = 0  # stores the number of times the disc is moved

class Tower(list):
    """Hanoi tower, a subclass of built-in type list"""
    def __init__(self, x):
        """create an empty tower. x is x-position of peg"""
        self.x = x

    def push(self, d):
        d.setx(self.x)
        d.sety(-150+34*len(self))
        d.clear()
        d.write("Moved %s times" %(str(d.moves)), align="left", font=("Courier", 16, "bold"))
        d.moves += 1  # increments the number of moves each time the disc is moved
        self.append(d)

    def pop(self):
        d = list.pop(self)
        d.sety(150)
        return d

def hanoi(n, from_, with_, to_):
    global moves
    global ans
    clear()
    if n > 0:
        hanoi(n-1, from_, to_, with_)
        moves += 1  # amount of total moves is incremented
        to_.push(from_.pop())
        hanoi(n-1, with_, from_, to_)
    sety(-255)
    write("Total moves: %s" % (moves), align="center", font=("Courier", 16, "bold"))
    sety(-320)
    progress_bar(ans)  # calls progress bar function

def hanoi_2(n, A, B, C):
    global moves
    clear()
    if n%2==0:
        B=C
        C=A
        A=B
    for i in range(1,(2**n)-1):
        if i%3==1:
            C.push(A.pop())
        if i%3==2:
            B.push(A.pop())
        if i%3==0:
            B.push(C.pop())

几乎没有错误。首先,交换是不正确的。替换后,AB 引用同一对象。要么使用临时变量,要么使用 Python 语法:B, C, A = C, A, B。其次,这种替换应该在 for 循环内完成,而不是之前。看看递归版本,你每次都改变塔的顺序。

我是用 phone 写的,所以我无法为您解决问题,但祝您好运!:-)

偶数盘的问题是堆栈交换不对:你似乎想循环三个堆栈(你这样做是错误的,因为你失去了对原始B列表的引用) ,而实际上你只需要交换 B 和 C 堆栈,你可以这样做:

B, C = C, B

该算法的问题是,虽然你有两个参与堆栈的权利(基于i%3),你仍然必须确定两个参与堆栈中的一个是给予者,哪个是接受者,因为这并不总是一样的!最好为此编写一个函数,该函数接受两个堆栈并确定两个可能 "directions" 中的哪一个是有效的,然后执行该移动:

def validMove(A, B):
    if not len(A): 
        A.push(B.pop())
    elif not len(B):
        B.push(A.pop())
    elif A[-1] > B[-1]:
        A.push(B.pop())
    else:
        B.push(A.pop())

现在主要算法如下所示:

for i in range(1,2**n):
    if i%3==1:
        validMove(A, C)
    if i%3==2:
        validMove(A, B)
    if i%3==0:
        validMove(B, C)

下面是递归等价的迭代解法。堆栈保存调用顺序及其状态。在这种情况下,堆栈上只有一个状态。

#recursive solution
def tower(numRings):
    def tower1(numRings,fromPeg,toPeg,usePeg):
        if numRings > 0: #A
            tower1(numRings-1,fromPeg,usePeg,toPeg) #B
            result.append((fromPeg,toPeg)) #C
            tower1(numRings-1,usePeg,toPeg,fromPeg) #D
    result = []
    tower1(numRings,0,1,2)
    return result

#iterative solution
def tower(numRings):
    result = []
    stk = []
    def tower1(numRings):
        In, To = 0, 1
        stk.append((In,numRings,0,1,2))
        while stk:
            state,numRings,fromPeg,toPeg,usePeg = stk.pop()
            if state == In:
                if numRings != 0: #push down to 1 numRing #A
                    stk.append((To,numRings,fromPeg,toPeg,usePeg)) #B save state
                    stk.append((In,numRings-1,fromPeg,usePeg,toPeg)) 
            elif state == To:
                result.append((fromPeg,toPeg)) #C
                stk.append((In,numRings-1,usePeg,toPeg,fromPeg)) #D
            else:
                print 'Error: logic'
                return result
    tower1(numRings)
    return result

a = [1,2,3,4]
for n in a:
    print 'rings',n
    print tower(n)