在 Bootstrap 中创建响应式导航栏侧边栏 "drawer"？

Question

试图实现这样的目标：https://www.muicss.com/examples/v1/example-layouts/responsive-side-menu/index.html

我在网上看到一些使用其他版本bootstrap的例子，但他们都对css做了太多改动，这使得bootstrap更难学习。

我想知道在 Bootstrap 4 中是否可以使用折叠、堆叠药丸、flexbox 等工具来完成？

这是我能达到的：https://jsfiddle.net/kL9u6esw/20/

我的 Jsfiddle 缺少什么：

反应不正确
导航栏无法使用粘性按钮正确滚动 class
即使我设置了 class，菜单按钮也不粘滞。
背景调光器，虽然不是答案所必需的，但会很棒

在我的示例中，我不知道如何插入导航栏，不确定它是否有必要正确响应。

也不确定将其作为列是否是正确的方法，它不应该关闭-canvas？

Html代码：

<div class="container-fluid h-100">
  <div class="row h-100">
    <div class="col-5 col-md-3 collapse m-0 p-0 h-100 bg-dark" id="collapseExample">
      <ul class="nav flex-column navbar-dark sticky-top">
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-12">
          <button class="btn sticky-top" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseExample" role="button">
            Menu
          </button>   
        </div>
        <div class="col-12">
          Lorem...
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Answer 1

Bootstrap 5 Beta 3（2021 年更新）

现在有一个官方 Bootstrap 5 Offcanvas Component 可以更轻松地创建边栏。当然，它仍然可以在不使用 Offcanvas 组件的情况下完成，例如 Bootstrap 5

的边栏示例

Bootstrap 4（原答案）

侧边栏导航可能非常复杂。这可能就是 Bootstrap 没有“out-of- the-box” 组件的原因。 侧边栏有很多注意事项:

响应式 - 根据屏幕宽度改变宽度、可见性或方向？
Multi-level - 导航项是否有子级别？这将如何影响身高？
可切换 - 侧边栏可以通过按钮或“汉堡包”切换吗？
推送与覆盖 - 页面内容是否隐藏在侧边栏后面或旁边？
左还是右 - 边栏是在页面内容的左边还是右边？
固定或粘性 - 侧边栏在页面滚动时如何定位？
动画风格-幻灯片left/right/up/down?、折叠?

在这个“侧边栏”案例中...不要在右栏中使用 col-auto，而是使用 col。这样它会在菜单折叠时填充宽度：https://jsfiddle.net/0rhyzu7o/

<div class="container-fluid h-100">
  <div class="row h-100">
    <div class="col-5 col-md-3 collapse width m-0 p-0 h-100 bg-dark" id="collapseExample">
       ..
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-12">
          <button class="btn sticky-top" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseExample" role="button">
            Menu
          </button>   
        </div>
        <div class="col-12">
           ..
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

~~为了使动画更流畅一些，您必须覆盖 Bootstrap 的折叠过渡，它通常适用于高度~~

编辑：

根据赏金要求，我更新了边栏，增加了 2 个示例。这些更接近于example，并且大多使用Bootstrap 类.

最小版本

这个版本更接近示例，并且具有相同的幻灯片left/right“抽屉”动画。

body {
    height: 100vh;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    padding-top: 56px;
}

.vh-100 {
    min-height: 100vh;
}

.sidebar.collapse.show,
.sidebar.collapse.show + .col {
    transition: .18s ease;
    transform: translate(0,0,0);
    left: 0;
}

.sidebar.collapse,
.sidebar.collapsing,
.sidebar.collapsing + .col {
    transition: .18s ease;
    transform: translate(-25%,0,0);
    z-index: 1050;
    left: -25%;
}

演示最小版本：https://codeply.com/go/w1AMD1EY3c

完整版（非常接近example）：

此边栏的特点：

fixed-width
在较小的屏幕上自动关闭，在较宽的屏幕上打开
可以切换 open/closed 任意宽度
响应式 - 成为 较小宽度上的固定叠加层

这个完整版确实需要更多 CSS，但其中一些是可选的...

<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<style>
body {
   height: 100vh;
   overflow-x: hidden;
   padding-top: 55px;
}

/* set the sidebar width */
.w-sidebar {
    width: 200px;
    max-width: 200px;
}

.row.collapse {
    margin-left: -200px;
    left: 0;
    transition: margin-left .15s linear;
}

.row.collapse.show {
    margin-left: 0 !important;
}

.row.collapsing {
    margin-left: -200px;
    left: -0.05%;
    transition: all .15s linear;
}

/* optional */
.vh-100 {
    min-height: 100vh;
}

/* optional for overlay sidebar on small screens */
@media (max-width:768px) {

    .row.collapse,
    .row.collapsing {
        margin-left: 0 !important;
        left: 0 !important;
        overflow: visible;
    }
    
    .row > .sidebar.collapse {
        display: flex !important;
        margin-left: -100% !important;
        transition: all .3s linear;
        position: fixed;
        z-index: 1050;
        max-width: 0;
        min-width: 0;
        flex-basis: auto;
    }
    
    .row > .sidebar.collapse.show {
        margin-left: 0 !important;
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 100%;
        min-width: initial;
    }
    
    .row > .sidebar.collapsing {
        display: flex !important;
        margin-left: -10% !important;
        transition: all .2s linear !important;
        position: fixed;
        z-index: 1050;
        min-width: initial;
    }
}
</style>
<div class="container-fluid fixed-top bg-dark py-3">
    <div class="row collapse show no-gutters d-flex h-100 position-relative">
        <div class="col-3 px-0 w-sidebar navbar-collapse collapse d-none d-md-flex">
            <!-- spacer col -->
        </div>
        <div class="col px-2 px-md-0">
            <!-- toggler -->
            <a data-toggle="collapse" href="#" data-target=".collapse" role="button" class="p-1">
                <i class="fa fa-bars fa-lg"></i>
            </a>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid px-0 h-100">
    <div class="row vh-100 collapse show no-gutters d-flex h-100 position-relative">
        <div class="col-3 p-0 vh-100 h-100 w-sidebar navbar-collapse collapse d-none d-md-flex sidebar">
            <!-- fixed sidebar -->
            <div class="position-fixed bg-dark text-white h-100 w-sidebar pl-2">
                <ul class="nav flex-column">
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link active" href="#">Link</a>
                    </li>
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col p-3">
            <h3>Content..</h3>
            <p class="lead">Try this is full-page view to see the animation on larger screens!</p>
            <p>Sriracha biodiesel taxidermy organic post-ironic, Intelligentsia salvia mustache 90's code editing brunch. Butcher polaroid VHS art party, hashtag Brooklyn deep v PBR narwhal sustainable mixtape swag wolf squid tote bag. Tote bag cronut semiotics, raw denim deep v taxidermy messenger bag. Tofu YOLO Etsy, direct trade ethical Odd Future jean shorts paleo. Forage Shoreditch tousled aesthetic irony, street art organic Bushwick artisan cliche semiotics ugh synth chillwave meditation. Shabby chic lomo plaid vinyl chambray Vice. Vice sustainable cardigan, Williamsburg master cleanse hella DIY 90's blog. Ethical Kickstarter PBR asymmetrical lo-fi. Dreamcatcher street art Carles, stumptown gluten-free Kickstarter artisan Wes Anderson wolf pug. Godard sustainable you probably haven't heard of them, vegan farm-to-table!</p>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>    

<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

演示完整版：https://codeply.com/go/XJE8LOdX8k

顶部的 minimal and robust examples are much closer to the original example. It's easy to change color and tweak the styles. Here's another variation with the sidebar overlaying the toggle bar。

另见：Bootstrap Navbar Collapse to Overlay Sidebar

Answer 2

所以这是第 1-3 点的可能解决方案。

解决 #1 的关键由@zimsystem 提供： "Instead of using col-auto on the right column, use col. That way it will fill the width when the menu is collapsed."

要解决#2，您需要去掉第一行第一列中的 h-100：

<div class="container-fluid h-100">
  <div class="row *h-100*">
     <div class="col-5 col-md-3 collapse m-0 p-0 *h-100* bg-dark" id="collapseExample">
     ...
     </div>
  </div>
</div>

（这不是正确的代码，我用星号标记了类你需要删除）

执行此操作后，菜单栏将延伸至内容栏的全长。

要解决#3，您只需将按钮从子栏中移出，移到主栏中。它保留在您分配给它的迷你栏内。

<div class="col">
      <button class="btn sticky-top" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseExample" id="" role="button">
           Menu
      </button>
      <div class="row">

     <div class="col-12">
       Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer in...
     </div>

此外，我在菜单中添加了一些 CSS 以防您最终拥有比示例中更多的链接，这样当列表对于您的屏幕来说太长时它们将正确滚动。

.collapse .flex-column {
  max-height: 100vh;
  overflow: auto;
  flex-wrap: nowrap; /* Optional, if you don't want the links to form columns if they overflow */
}
.collapse .flex-column li { 
  width: 100%; 
}

此答案的完整代码在这里：

body{
  height : 100vh;
  overflow : scroll;
}

.collapse.width.show {
    transition: max-width .3s ease, min-width .3s ease;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    min-width: initial;
}
.collapse.width,
.collapsing.width {
   max-width: 0;
   min-width: 0;
   width: 0;
   transition: all .2s ease;
}
.collapse .flex-column {
  max-height: 100vh;
  overflow: auto;
  flex-wrap: nowrap; /* Optional, if you don't want the links to form columns if they overflow */
}
.collapse .flex-column li { 
  width: 100%; 
}

<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div class="container-fluid h-100">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-5 col-md-3 collapse width m-0 p-0 bg-dark" id="collapseExample">
      <ul class="nav flex-column navbar-dark sticky-top"> 
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link active" href="#">Active</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link" href="#">Link</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
        </li>
        <li class="nav-item">
          <a class="nav-link disabled" href="#">Disabled</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <button class="btn sticky-top" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapseExample" id="" role="button">
           Menu
      </button>
      <div class="row">
       
        <div class="col-12">
      Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer in lectus in nibh facilisis luctus. Maecenas sagittis pellentesque sapien, vitae dignissim nisl luctus interdum. Aenean risus justo, vestibulum ultrices posuere ornare, consectetur ac enim. Pellentesque egestas eleifend diam in tincidunt. Cras eget dignissim lacus. Praesent condimentum arcu nisi, ut ultrices lorem imperdiet sed. Suspendisse a elit quis erat volutpat bibendum. Proin metus odio, hendrerit at fermentum quis, suscipit id felis. Interdum et malesuada fames ac ante ipsum primis in faucibus. Nulla nec mattis nibh, in dignissim turpis.

Integer sem nulla, malesuada non gravida sit amet, porttitor ac lorem. Nam gravida facilisis pulvinar. Maecenas lacinia tellus in diam pretium gravida. Pellentesque massa tellus, egestas sed odio vitae, convallis mollis massa. Duis at scelerisque nisi. Phasellus eu dapibus orci. Mauris tortor urna, vestibulum eget consectetur id, fringilla non sapien. Vivamus sagittis facilisis auctor. Pellentesque mollis posuere tincidunt. Fusce at mauris vel ante ullamcorper sollicitudin.

Phasellus nibh ex, fermentum id tristique vel, consequat a lectus. Donec consequat nec nulla et fringilla. Aenean in ligula in eros mollis auctor non facilisis leo. Fusce lectus lacus, convallis vel tempor et, mattis non urna. Suspendisse velit libero, dapibus ut augue et, semper tincidunt purus. Donec gravida felis non consequat sollicitudin. Ut imperdiet ante quis est rutrum bibendum at non eros. Pellentesque luctus, ipsum nec lacinia vestibulum, nulla lorem volutpat risus, sit amet dignissim nisl ipsum varius neque. In volutpat, quam quis aliquet luctus, nulla nibh hendrerit ex, et eleifend dolor odio et mi. Duis tempus sem vitae lacus imperdiet semper. Curabitur et consequat elit. Cras suscipit rhoncus elit, non volutpat ex vulputate pharetra. Donec nec elit sit amet tortor egestas maximus. Suspendisse risus neque, accumsan eu porttitor et, tincidunt quis nulla. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Etiam massa est, varius malesuada rhoncus sodales, bibendum at leo.

Nullam porta libero vel tortor maximus volutpat. Aenean maximus sollicitudin ipsum, vitae pulvinar sapien blandit sed. Vestibulum sed elit viverra, dignissim nisi at, tristique mi. Pellentesque in viverra nulla. Morbi porttitor, ligula id malesuada mattis, lorem libero tempor mauris, sed aliquet neque leo et nunc. Donec odio nibh, posuere at condimentum vel, laoreet in lacus. Nulla sollicitudin scelerisque urna, nec gravida arcu sagittis quis. Fusce auctor urna sed diam dignissim, at interdum lorem ornare. Fusce viverra, diam eu tempor volutpat, sapien turpis lacinia ligula, ac venenatis mi magna eget ante. Nullam dignissim blandit urna, vel consectetur dui venenatis ac. Cras volutpat, ligula in finibus mattis, sem quam ullamcorper ligula, eget ultricies ipsum mi vitae enim.

Proin porta lorem quis sem porttitor, nec lacinia enim viverra. Sed tortor dolor, congue vitae bibendum feugiat, efficitur non augue. Curabitur vitae nunc eget libero euismod fringilla. Nulla pretium dignissim lacus. Aliquam purus lorem, molestie vel turpis ac, euismod fermentum erat. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Donec ac varius massa, non tempus elit. Phasellus quis tortor iaculis est sollicitudin rutrum id non mi. In eget pharetra justo. Morbi vitae commodo eros. Quisque facilisis blandit laoreet. 
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div><script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

让我知道进展如何！

在 Bootstrap 中创建响应式导航栏侧边栏 "drawer"？

Create a responsive navbar sidebar "drawer" in Bootstrap?

html

css

web-frontend

twitter-bootstrap

bootstrap-4

编辑：