如何：创建用于添加、编辑和删除具有外部关系的对象的视图和序列化程序 django rest framework

Question

我很难连接所有关于 django 和 django rest 框架的文档，了解如何创建允许外键的视图和序列化程序。

编辑：我可能在这里有一个答案： http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/relations/#writable-nested-serializers

示例我有这些模型。

class SearchCity(models.Model):
    city = models.CharField(max_length=200)

class SearchNeighborhood(models.Model):
    city = models.ForeignKey(SearchCity, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    neighborhood = models.CharField(max_length=200)

我希望能够选择一个城市，然后查看该城市拥有的所有街区，并能够添加街区、编辑街区和删除街区。

所以也许 url 获取一个城市拥有的所有社区或为一个城市创建一个新社区

url(r'^neighborhood/(?P<citypk>[0-9]+)$', SearchNeighborhoodListCreate.as_view()),

还有一个用于编辑和删除社区：

url(r'^neighborhood/(?P<citypk>[0-9]+)/(?P<neighborhoodpk>[0-9]+)$',SearchNeighborhoodDetail.as_view()),

我目前正在使用来自 DRF Generics

的 ListCreateAPIView 和 RetreiveUpdateDestoryAPIView

我知道我们有像 query_setrelated 这样的选项，可以让我们获得模型具有的所有关系。

我知道我们有 x_set 选项。在我的示例中这样使用。 Searchcity.SearchNeighborhood_set.all()

我知道我们有相关的序列化器

而且我创建它们的正确方法是这样的：

class CityNeighborhoodSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    neighborhood = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, read_only=False)

    class Meta:
        model = SearchCity
        fields = ('City', 'neighborhood')

但是我该如何在这个用例中使用它呢？

http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/relations/#serializer-relations

关于获取所有对象的关系有很好的参考 link 在这里 http://gregblogs.com/tlt-how-to-retrieve-the-fields-of-a-related-model-from-a-django-rest-framework-endpoint/

但这是否适用于编辑、删除相关对象？

最终我做了很多研究，但我正在寻求帮助来填补裂缝并真正理解这件事。这是一个常见的用例，我相信你们中的许多人以前都做过。

编辑：

看起来这个问题间接回答了我的问题，但我仍然不确定。我将继续关注并测试它。看看我发现了什么。

Deletion objects that is used as foreign key

Answer 1

我又来回答我自己的问题了...

最好的方法是创建我自己的视图以按城市创建和获取对象。

# create and get list of Search Neighborhood objects by city
class CityNeighborhoodsListCreate(APIView):

    # this get request gets all the neighborhoods by city
    def get (self, request, format=None, *args, **kwargs):
        citypk = kwargs.get('citypk', None)
        city = get_object_or_404(SearchCity,pk=citypk)
        neighborhoods = city.searchneighborhood_set.all()
        serialized = SearchNeighborhoodSerializer(neighborhoods, many=True)
        return Response({
            'neighborhoods': serialized.data
        })

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        citypk = kwargs.get('citypk', None)
        city=get_object_or_404(SearchCity,pk=citypk)
        serialized = SearchNeighborhoodSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serialized.is_valid(raise_exception=True):
            validatedData = serialized.validated_data
            neighborhood = validatedData.get('neighborhood')
            neighborhoodobject = SearchNeighborhood(neighborhood= neighborhood, city = city)
            neighborhoodobject.save()
            createdneighborhood = SearchNeighborhoodSerializer(neighborhoodobject)
            return Response({
                'neighborhood': createdneighborhood.data
            })

Answer 2

以下是我对此的看法：

网址：

url(r'^city/(?P<city_pk>[0-9]+)/neighborhood/', SearchNeighborhoodListCreateView.as_view()),
url(r'^city/(?P<city_pk>[0-9]+)/neighborhood/(?P<pk>[0-9]+)$', SearchNeighborhoodDetailView.as_view()),

因为每个城市都有一个或多个街区

序列化程序：

只需为 SearchNeighborhood 创建一个序列化程序，如下所示：

class NeighborhoodSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
        model = SearchNeighborhood
        fields = ('id', 'city', 'neighborhood')

如果你想要你所在城市的街区列表api你可以使用这个：

class CityNeighborhoodSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    neighborhoods = NeighborhoodSerializer(many=True, source='searchneighborhood_set.all')

    class Meta:
        model = SearchCity
        fields = ('city', 'neighborhoods')

我建议在city字段中使用与SearchNeighborhood模型相关的名称，例如：related_name='neighborhoods'，然后您可以使用source='neighborhoods.all'，它更具可读性。

观看次数： 这里的技巧是只获取与城市相关的社区

class SearchNeighborhoodListCreateView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = SearchNeighborhood.objects.all()
    serializer_class = NeighborhoodSerializer

    def get_city(self):
        queryset = SearchCity.objects.all()
        return get_object_or_404(queryset, pk=self.kwargs['city_pk'])

    def get_queryset(self):
        city = self.get_city()
        return super().get_queryset().filter(city=city)

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        city = self.get_city()
        serializer.save(city=city)

希望你明白主要思想。

如何：创建用于添加、编辑和删除具有外部关系的对象的视图和序列化程序 django rest framework

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