我可以在 Espresso 中扩展自定义应用程序吗？
Can I extend a custom Application in Espresso?
我正在尝试在我的 Espresso 仪器测试中设置 Dagger，以便模拟对外部资源的调用（在本例中为 RESTful 服务）。我在 Robolectric 中遵循的单元测试模式是扩展我的生产应用程序 class 并使用将 return 模拟的测试模块覆盖 Dagger 模块。我试图在这里做同样的事情，但是当我尝试将应用程序转换为我的自定义应用程序时，我在 Espresso 测试中遇到了 ClassCastException。
这是我目前的设置：
产量
在app/src/main/java/com/mypackage/injection下我有：
MyCustomApplication
package com.mypackage.injection;
import android.app.Application;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import dagger.ObjectGraph;
public class MyCustomApplication extends Application {
protected ObjectGraph graph;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
graph = ObjectGraph.create(getModules().toArray());
}
protected List<Object> getModules() {
List<Object> modules = new ArrayList<Object>();
modules.add(new AndroidModule(this));
modules.add(new RemoteResourcesModule(this));
modules.add(new MyCustomModule());
return modules;
}
public void inject(Object object) {
graph.inject(object);
}
}
我按以下方式使用：
基础Activity
package com.mypackage.injection.views;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomApplication;
public abstract class MyCustomBaseActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
((MyCustomApplication)getApplication()).inject(this);
}
}
Activity 正在测试中
package com.mypackage.views.mydomain;
// imports snipped for bevity
public class MyActivity extends MyBaseActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//snip
}
}
浓缩咖啡设置
在app/src/androidTest/java/com/mypackage/injection下我有：
MyCustomEspressoApplication
package com.mypackage.injection;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import dagger.ObjectGraph;
public class MyCustomEspressoApplication extends MyCustomApplication {
private AndroidModule androidModule;
private MyCustomModule myCustomModule;
private EspressoRemoteResourcesModule espressoRemoteResourcesModule;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
graph = ObjectGraph.create(getModules().toArray());
}
protected List<Object> getModules() {
List<Object> modules = new ArrayList<Object>();
modules.add(getAndroidModule());
modules.add(getEspressoRemoteResourcesModule());
modules.add(getMyCustomModule());
return modules;
}
public void inject(Object object) {
graph.inject(object);
}
public AndroidModule getAndroidModule() {
if (this.androidModule == null) {
this.androidModule = new AndroidModule(this);
}
return this.androidModule;
}
public MyCustomModule getMyCustomModule() {
if (this.myCustomModule == null) {
this.myCustomModule = new MyCustomModule();
}
return this.myCustomModule;
}
public EspressoRemoteResourcesModule getEspressoRemoteResourcesModule() {
if (this.espressoRemoteResourcesModule == null) {
this.espressoRemoteResourcesModule = new EspressoRemoteResourcesModule();
}
return this.espressoRemoteResourcesModule;
}
}
我的 Espresso 测试，在 app/src/androidTest/com/mypackage/espresso:
package com.mypackage.espresso;
// imports snipped for brevity
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@LargeTest
public class MyActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MyActivity>{
private MyActivity myActivity;
public MyActivityTest() {
super(MyActivity.class);
}
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
injectInstrumentation(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation());
myActivity = getActivity();
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
super.tearDown();
}
@Test
public void testWhenTheActionBarButtonIsPressedThenThePlacesAreListed() {
//The next line is where the runtime exception occurs.
MyCustomEspressoApplication app = (MyCustomEspressoApplication)getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getApplicationContext();
//I've also tried getActivity().getApplication() and
// getActivity.getApplicationContext() with the same results
//snip
}
}
我的AndroidManifest.xml
（我以前在自定义应用程序 classes 中看到过很多关于 ClassCastException 的答案，其中大部分都指向应用程序节点上缺少的 "android:name" 属性。我将其粘贴在这里是为了表明据我所知情况并非如此。）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
package="com.mypackage">
<!-- snip -->
<application
android:name=".injection.MyCustomApplication"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<!-- snip -->
</application>
<!-- snip -->
</manifest>
build.gradle
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
jcenter()
}
}
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'idea'
android {
testOptions {
unitTests.returnDefaultValues = true
}
lintOptions {
abortOnError false
}
packagingOptions {
exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
}
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.mypackage"
minSdkVersion 15
targetSdkVersion 21
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
}
idea {
module {
testOutputDir = file('build/test-classes/debug')
}
}
dependencies {
compile project(':swipeablecardview')
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:21.0.3'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.3'
compile 'com.squareup:javawriter:2.5.0'
compile ('com.squareup.dagger:dagger:1.2.2') {
exclude module: 'javawriter'
}
compile ('com.squareup.dagger:dagger-compiler:1.2.2') {
exclude module: 'javawriter'
}
compile 'com.melnykov:floatingactionbutton:1.1.0'
compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:21.0.+'
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:21.0.+'
// compile 'se.walkercrou:google-places-api-java:2.1.0'
compile 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1'
compile 'commons-io:commons-io:1.3.2'
testCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3'
testCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3'
testCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3'
testCompile('junit:junit:4.12')
testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.+'
testCompile('org.robolectric:robolectric:3.0-SNAPSHOT')
testCompile('org.robolectric:shadows-support-v4:3.0-SNAPSHOT')
androidTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.+'
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0') {
exclude group: 'javax.inject'
exclude module: 'javawriter'
}
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1')
}
堆栈跟踪：
java.lang.ClassCastException:
com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomApplication cannot be cast to
com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication at
com.mypackage.espresso.MyActivityTest.testWhenTheActionBarButtonIsPressedThenThePlacesAreListed(MyActivityTest.java:107)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) at
java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511) at
org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
at
org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
at
org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
at
org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
at
org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28)
at
org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:30)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263) at
org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68)
at
org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:231) at
org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60) at
org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229) at
org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=19=]0(ParentRunner.java:50) at
org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222) at
org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300) at
org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128) at
org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:24) at
org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:231) at
org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60) at
org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229) at
org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=19=]0(ParentRunner.java:50) at
org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222) at
org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300) at
org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:157) at
org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:136) at
android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:270)
at
android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1551)
我通读了 Espresso 和 Dagger 文档并搜索了 Github 上的问题，但无济于事。我将不胜感激任何人可以提供的帮助。提前致谢。
编辑#1
我按照 Daniel 的建议扩展了测试运行程序并检查了 VerifyError，并得到了以下堆栈跟踪：
java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.ClassImposterizer.createProxyClass(ClassImposterizer.java:95)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.ClassImposterizer.imposterise(ClassImposterizer.java:57)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.ClassImposterizer.imposterise(ClassImposterizer.java:49)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.CglibMockMaker.createMock(CglibMockMaker.java:24)
at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.createMock(MockUtil.java:33)
at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:59)
at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1285)
at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1163)
at com.mypackage.injection.EspressoRemoteResourcesModule.<init>(EspressoRemoteResourcesModule.java:17)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication.getEspressoRemoteResourcesModule(MyCustomEspressoApplication.java:52)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication.getModules(MyCustomEspressoApplication.java:24)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomApplication.onCreate(MyCustomApplication.java:18)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication.onCreate(MyCustomEspressoApplication.java:16)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:999)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4151)
at android.app.ActivityThread.access00(ActivityThread.java:130)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1255)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4745)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:786)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:553)
at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
Caused by: java.lang.VerifyError: org/mockito/cglib/core/ReflectUtils
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory$Generator.generateClass(KeyFactory.java:167)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.DefaultGeneratorStrategy.generate(DefaultGeneratorStrategy.java:25)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:217)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory$Generator.create(KeyFactory.java:145)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:117)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:109)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:105)
at org.mockito.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.<clinit>(Enhancer.java:70)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.ClassImposterizer.createProxyClass(ClassImposterizer.java:95)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.ClassImposterizer.imposterise(ClassImposterizer.java:57)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.ClassImposterizer.imposterise(ClassImposterizer.java:49)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.CglibMockMaker.createMock(CglibMockMaker.java:24)
at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.createMock(MockUtil.java:33)
at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:59)
at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1285)
at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1163)
at com.mypackage.injection.EspressoRemoteResourcesModule.<init>(EspressoRemoteResourcesModule.java:17)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication.getEspressoRemoteResourcesModule(MyCustomEspressoApplication.java:52)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication.getModules(MyCustomEspressoApplication.java:24)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomApplication.onCreate(MyCustomApplication.java:18)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication.onCreate(MyCustomEspressoApplication.java:16)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:999)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4151)
at android.app.ActivityThread.access00(ActivityThread.java:130)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1255)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4745)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:786)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:553)
at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
04-29 06:40:28.594 1016-1016/? W/ActivityManager﹕ Error in app com.mypackage running instrumentation ComponentInfo{com.mypackage.test/com.mypackage.EspressoTestRunner}:
04-29 06:40:28.594 1016-1016/? W/ActivityManager﹕ java.lang.VerifyError
04-29 06:40:28.594 1016-1016/? W/ActivityManager﹕ java.lang.VerifyError: org/mockito/cglib/core/ReflectUtils
这让我想到了 Mockito。我缺少必要的 mockito 和 dexmaker 库。
我将依赖项更新为：
androidTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19'
androidTestCompile 'com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.2'
androidTestCompile ('com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.2') {
exclude module: 'hamcrest-core'
exclude module: 'mockito-core'
}
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0') {
exclude group: 'javax.inject'
}
我还覆盖了 MyCustomModule，它需要包含 EspressoRemoteResourcesModule。一旦我这样做了，事情就开始起作用了。
使用自定义检测运行程序，您可以覆盖 newApplication 并让它实例化清单中默认应用程序以外的其他内容。
public class MyRunner extends AndroidJUnitRunner {
@Override
public Application newApplication(ClassLoader cl, String className, Context context)
throws Exception {
return super.newApplication(cl, MyCustomEspressoApplication.class.getName(), context);
}
}
请务必使用您的自定义跑步者姓名更新 testInstrumentationRunner。
我还没有在所有情况下广泛尝试过，但是您可以尝试使用自定义规则来指定每个测试用例的自定义应用程序 class，而不是为自定义运行器应用的所有测试用例指定自定义应用程序。我在以下简单案例中取得了成功：
public class ApplicationTestRule<T extends Application> extends UiThreadTestRule {
Class<T> appClazz;
boolean wait = false;
T app;
public ApplicationTestRule(Class<T> applicationClazz) {
this(applicationClazz, false);
}
public ApplicationTestRule(Class<T> applicationClazz, boolean wait) {
this.appClazz = applicationClazz;
this.wait = wait;
}
@Override
public Statement apply(final Statement base, Description description) {
return new ApplicationStatement(super.apply(base, description));
}
private void terminateApp() {
if (app != null) {
app.onTerminate();
}
}
public void createApplication() throws IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException {
app = (T) InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().newApplication(this.getClass().getClassLoader(), appClazz.getName(), InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext());
InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().callApplicationOnCreate(app);
}
private class ApplicationStatement extends Statement {
private final Statement mBase;
public ApplicationStatement(Statement base) {
mBase = base;
}
@Override
public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
try {
if (!wait) {
createApplication();
}
mBase.evaluate();
} finally {
terminateApp();
app = null;
}
}
}
}
然后在您的测试用例中，创建规则：
@Rule
public ApplicationTestRule<TestApplication> appRule = new ApplicationTestRule<>(TestApplication.class,true);
注意第二个参数是可选的。如果为 false 或关闭，则每次在每个测试用例之前创建自定义应用程序。如果设置为 true，您需要在应用程序逻辑之前调用 appRule.createApplication()。
我花了一整天的时间才得到完整的答案。
第 1 步：覆盖 AndroidJUnitRunner
public class TestRunner extends AndroidJUnitRunner
{
@Override
public Application newApplication(ClassLoader cl, String className, Context context)
throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
return super.newApplication(cl, TestApplication.class.getName(), context);
}
}
第二步：替换build.gradle
中已有的AndroidJunitRunner
defaultConfig {
...
// testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
testInstrumentationRunner 'com.xi_zz.androidtest.TestRunner'
}
第 3 步：将 com.android.support.test:runner 添加到 build.gradle
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
第 4 步：仅当出现此错误时
Warning:Conflict with dependency 'com.android.support:support-annotations'. Resolved versions for app (25.2.0) and test app (23.1.1) differ. See http://g.co/androidstudio/app-test-app-conflict for details.
然后，再添加一行：
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:25.2.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
最后，测试是否有效
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class MockApplicationTest
{
@Rule
public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);
@Test
public void testApplicationName() throws Exception
{
assertEquals("TestApplication", mActivityRule.getActivity().getApplication().getClass().getSimpleName());
}
}
如果您正在测试一个库模块，您可以创建一个自定义应用程序 class 并将其注册到测试包清单中：
root/library-module/src/androidTest/AndroidManifest.xml
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<application android:name="path.to.TestApplication" />
</manifest>
没有规则，就没有跑者。
Roboelectric Configuration here如果只需要单独申请测试就可以保存。以下内容会有所帮助
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
@Config(application = MockApp::class)
class RegisTests {
@Test
fun hello(){
val acs = ActivityScenario.launch(RegistrationActivity::class.java)
acs.moveToState(State.CREATED)
Truth.assertWithMessage("No created").that(State.CREATED).isEqualTo(acs.state)
}
}
我正在尝试在我的 Espresso 仪器测试中设置 Dagger，以便模拟对外部资源的调用（在本例中为 RESTful 服务）。我在 Robolectric 中遵循的单元测试模式是扩展我的生产应用程序 class 并使用将 return 模拟的测试模块覆盖 Dagger 模块。我试图在这里做同样的事情，但是当我尝试将应用程序转换为我的自定义应用程序时，我在 Espresso 测试中遇到了 ClassCastException。
这是我目前的设置：
产量
在app/src/main/java/com/mypackage/injection下我有：
MyCustomApplication
package com.mypackage.injection;
import android.app.Application;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import dagger.ObjectGraph;
public class MyCustomApplication extends Application {
protected ObjectGraph graph;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
graph = ObjectGraph.create(getModules().toArray());
}
protected List<Object> getModules() {
List<Object> modules = new ArrayList<Object>();
modules.add(new AndroidModule(this));
modules.add(new RemoteResourcesModule(this));
modules.add(new MyCustomModule());
return modules;
}
public void inject(Object object) {
graph.inject(object);
}
}
我按以下方式使用：
基础Activity
package com.mypackage.injection.views;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomApplication;
public abstract class MyCustomBaseActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
((MyCustomApplication)getApplication()).inject(this);
}
}
Activity 正在测试中
package com.mypackage.views.mydomain;
// imports snipped for bevity
public class MyActivity extends MyBaseActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//snip
}
}
浓缩咖啡设置
在app/src/androidTest/java/com/mypackage/injection下我有：
MyCustomEspressoApplication
package com.mypackage.injection;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import dagger.ObjectGraph;
public class MyCustomEspressoApplication extends MyCustomApplication {
private AndroidModule androidModule;
private MyCustomModule myCustomModule;
private EspressoRemoteResourcesModule espressoRemoteResourcesModule;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
graph = ObjectGraph.create(getModules().toArray());
}
protected List<Object> getModules() {
List<Object> modules = new ArrayList<Object>();
modules.add(getAndroidModule());
modules.add(getEspressoRemoteResourcesModule());
modules.add(getMyCustomModule());
return modules;
}
public void inject(Object object) {
graph.inject(object);
}
public AndroidModule getAndroidModule() {
if (this.androidModule == null) {
this.androidModule = new AndroidModule(this);
}
return this.androidModule;
}
public MyCustomModule getMyCustomModule() {
if (this.myCustomModule == null) {
this.myCustomModule = new MyCustomModule();
}
return this.myCustomModule;
}
public EspressoRemoteResourcesModule getEspressoRemoteResourcesModule() {
if (this.espressoRemoteResourcesModule == null) {
this.espressoRemoteResourcesModule = new EspressoRemoteResourcesModule();
}
return this.espressoRemoteResourcesModule;
}
}
我的 Espresso 测试，在 app/src/androidTest/com/mypackage/espresso:
package com.mypackage.espresso;
// imports snipped for brevity
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@LargeTest
public class MyActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MyActivity>{
private MyActivity myActivity;
public MyActivityTest() {
super(MyActivity.class);
}
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
injectInstrumentation(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation());
myActivity = getActivity();
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
super.tearDown();
}
@Test
public void testWhenTheActionBarButtonIsPressedThenThePlacesAreListed() {
//The next line is where the runtime exception occurs.
MyCustomEspressoApplication app = (MyCustomEspressoApplication)getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getApplicationContext();
//I've also tried getActivity().getApplication() and
// getActivity.getApplicationContext() with the same results
//snip
}
}
我的AndroidManifest.xml
（我以前在自定义应用程序 classes 中看到过很多关于 ClassCastException 的答案，其中大部分都指向应用程序节点上缺少的 "android:name" 属性。我将其粘贴在这里是为了表明据我所知情况并非如此。）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
package="com.mypackage">
<!-- snip -->
<application
android:name=".injection.MyCustomApplication"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<!-- snip -->
</application>
<!-- snip -->
</manifest>
build.gradle
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
jcenter()
}
}
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'idea'
android {
testOptions {
unitTests.returnDefaultValues = true
}
lintOptions {
abortOnError false
}
packagingOptions {
exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
}
compileSdkVersion 21
buildToolsVersion "21.1.2"
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.mypackage"
minSdkVersion 15
targetSdkVersion 21
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
}
idea {
module {
testOutputDir = file('build/test-classes/debug')
}
}
dependencies {
compile project(':swipeablecardview')
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:21.0.3'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.3'
compile 'com.squareup:javawriter:2.5.0'
compile ('com.squareup.dagger:dagger:1.2.2') {
exclude module: 'javawriter'
}
compile ('com.squareup.dagger:dagger-compiler:1.2.2') {
exclude module: 'javawriter'
}
compile 'com.melnykov:floatingactionbutton:1.1.0'
compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:21.0.+'
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:21.0.+'
// compile 'se.walkercrou:google-places-api-java:2.1.0'
compile 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient-android:4.3.5.1'
compile 'commons-io:commons-io:1.3.2'
testCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3'
testCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3'
testCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3'
testCompile('junit:junit:4.12')
testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.+'
testCompile('org.robolectric:robolectric:3.0-SNAPSHOT')
testCompile('org.robolectric:shadows-support-v4:3.0-SNAPSHOT')
androidTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.+'
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0') {
exclude group: 'javax.inject'
exclude module: 'javawriter'
}
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1')
}
堆栈跟踪：
java.lang.ClassCastException: com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomApplication cannot be cast to com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication at com.mypackage.espresso.MyActivityTest.testWhenTheActionBarButtonIsPressedThenThePlacesAreListed(MyActivityTest.java:107) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:28) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:30) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:263) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:68) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:231) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=19=]0(ParentRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300) at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128) at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:24) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:231) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=19=]0(ParentRunner.java:50) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300) at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:157) at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:136) at android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:270) at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1551)
我通读了 Espresso 和 Dagger 文档并搜索了 Github 上的问题，但无济于事。我将不胜感激任何人可以提供的帮助。提前致谢。
编辑#1
我按照 Daniel 的建议扩展了测试运行程序并检查了 VerifyError，并得到了以下堆栈跟踪：
java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.ClassImposterizer.createProxyClass(ClassImposterizer.java:95)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.ClassImposterizer.imposterise(ClassImposterizer.java:57)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.ClassImposterizer.imposterise(ClassImposterizer.java:49)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.CglibMockMaker.createMock(CglibMockMaker.java:24)
at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.createMock(MockUtil.java:33)
at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:59)
at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1285)
at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1163)
at com.mypackage.injection.EspressoRemoteResourcesModule.<init>(EspressoRemoteResourcesModule.java:17)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication.getEspressoRemoteResourcesModule(MyCustomEspressoApplication.java:52)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication.getModules(MyCustomEspressoApplication.java:24)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomApplication.onCreate(MyCustomApplication.java:18)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication.onCreate(MyCustomEspressoApplication.java:16)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:999)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4151)
at android.app.ActivityThread.access00(ActivityThread.java:130)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1255)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4745)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:786)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:553)
at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
Caused by: java.lang.VerifyError: org/mockito/cglib/core/ReflectUtils
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory$Generator.generateClass(KeyFactory.java:167)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.DefaultGeneratorStrategy.generate(DefaultGeneratorStrategy.java:25)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.AbstractClassGenerator.create(AbstractClassGenerator.java:217)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory$Generator.create(KeyFactory.java:145)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:117)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:109)
at org.mockito.cglib.core.KeyFactory.create(KeyFactory.java:105)
at org.mockito.cglib.proxy.Enhancer.<clinit>(Enhancer.java:70)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.ClassImposterizer.createProxyClass(ClassImposterizer.java:95)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.ClassImposterizer.imposterise(ClassImposterizer.java:57)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.ClassImposterizer.imposterise(ClassImposterizer.java:49)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.cglib.CglibMockMaker.createMock(CglibMockMaker.java:24)
at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.createMock(MockUtil.java:33)
at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:59)
at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1285)
at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1163)
at com.mypackage.injection.EspressoRemoteResourcesModule.<init>(EspressoRemoteResourcesModule.java:17)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication.getEspressoRemoteResourcesModule(MyCustomEspressoApplication.java:52)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication.getModules(MyCustomEspressoApplication.java:24)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomApplication.onCreate(MyCustomApplication.java:18)
at com.mypackage.injection.MyCustomEspressoApplication.onCreate(MyCustomEspressoApplication.java:16)
at android.app.Instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:999)
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication(ActivityThread.java:4151)
at android.app.ActivityThread.access00(ActivityThread.java:130)
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1255)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4745)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:786)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:553)
at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
04-29 06:40:28.594 1016-1016/? W/ActivityManager﹕ Error in app com.mypackage running instrumentation ComponentInfo{com.mypackage.test/com.mypackage.EspressoTestRunner}:
04-29 06:40:28.594 1016-1016/? W/ActivityManager﹕ java.lang.VerifyError
04-29 06:40:28.594 1016-1016/? W/ActivityManager﹕ java.lang.VerifyError: org/mockito/cglib/core/ReflectUtils
这让我想到了 Mockito。我缺少必要的 mockito 和 dexmaker 库。
我将依赖项更新为：
androidTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19'
androidTestCompile 'com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.2'
androidTestCompile ('com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.2') {
exclude module: 'hamcrest-core'
exclude module: 'mockito-core'
}
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0') {
exclude group: 'javax.inject'
}
我还覆盖了 MyCustomModule，它需要包含 EspressoRemoteResourcesModule。一旦我这样做了，事情就开始起作用了。
使用自定义检测运行程序，您可以覆盖 newApplication 并让它实例化清单中默认应用程序以外的其他内容。
public class MyRunner extends AndroidJUnitRunner {
@Override
public Application newApplication(ClassLoader cl, String className, Context context)
throws Exception {
return super.newApplication(cl, MyCustomEspressoApplication.class.getName(), context);
}
}
请务必使用您的自定义跑步者姓名更新 testInstrumentationRunner。
我还没有在所有情况下广泛尝试过，但是您可以尝试使用自定义规则来指定每个测试用例的自定义应用程序 class，而不是为自定义运行器应用的所有测试用例指定自定义应用程序。我在以下简单案例中取得了成功：
public class ApplicationTestRule<T extends Application> extends UiThreadTestRule {
Class<T> appClazz;
boolean wait = false;
T app;
public ApplicationTestRule(Class<T> applicationClazz) {
this(applicationClazz, false);
}
public ApplicationTestRule(Class<T> applicationClazz, boolean wait) {
this.appClazz = applicationClazz;
this.wait = wait;
}
@Override
public Statement apply(final Statement base, Description description) {
return new ApplicationStatement(super.apply(base, description));
}
private void terminateApp() {
if (app != null) {
app.onTerminate();
}
}
public void createApplication() throws IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException {
app = (T) InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().newApplication(this.getClass().getClassLoader(), appClazz.getName(), InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext());
InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().callApplicationOnCreate(app);
}
private class ApplicationStatement extends Statement {
private final Statement mBase;
public ApplicationStatement(Statement base) {
mBase = base;
}
@Override
public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
try {
if (!wait) {
createApplication();
}
mBase.evaluate();
} finally {
terminateApp();
app = null;
}
}
}
}
然后在您的测试用例中，创建规则：
@Rule
public ApplicationTestRule<TestApplication> appRule = new ApplicationTestRule<>(TestApplication.class,true);
注意第二个参数是可选的。如果为 false 或关闭，则每次在每个测试用例之前创建自定义应用程序。如果设置为 true，您需要在应用程序逻辑之前调用 appRule.createApplication()。
我花了一整天的时间才得到完整的答案。
第 1 步：覆盖 AndroidJUnitRunner
public class TestRunner extends AndroidJUnitRunner
{
@Override
public Application newApplication(ClassLoader cl, String className, Context context)
throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
return super.newApplication(cl, TestApplication.class.getName(), context);
}
}
第二步：替换build.gradle
中已有的AndroidJunitRunnerdefaultConfig {
...
// testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
testInstrumentationRunner 'com.xi_zz.androidtest.TestRunner'
}
第 3 步：将 com.android.support.test:runner 添加到 build.gradle
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
第 4 步：仅当出现此错误时
Warning:Conflict with dependency 'com.android.support:support-annotations'. Resolved versions for app (25.2.0) and test app (23.1.1) differ. See http://g.co/androidstudio/app-test-app-conflict for details.
然后，再添加一行：
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:25.2.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
最后，测试是否有效
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class MockApplicationTest
{
@Rule
public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);
@Test
public void testApplicationName() throws Exception
{
assertEquals("TestApplication", mActivityRule.getActivity().getApplication().getClass().getSimpleName());
}
}
如果您正在测试一个库模块，您可以创建一个自定义应用程序 class 并将其注册到测试包清单中：
root/library-module/src/androidTest/AndroidManifest.xml
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<application android:name="path.to.TestApplication" />
</manifest>
没有规则，就没有跑者。
Roboelectric Configuration here如果只需要单独申请测试就可以保存。以下内容会有所帮助
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
@Config(application = MockApp::class)
class RegisTests {
@Test
fun hello(){
val acs = ActivityScenario.launch(RegistrationActivity::class.java)
acs.moveToState(State.CREATED)
Truth.assertWithMessage("No created").that(State.CREATED).isEqualTo(acs.state)
}
}