为什么我不能在声明方法之外访问本地 class?

Why can't I access local class outside declaring method?

我最近遇到了一种罕见但完全合法的语法:Local Classes.

我想知道为什么我不能在该方法之外访问本地 class?它与可以在外部 class 或封闭对象 (outer.new Inner()) 中访问的内部 class 有何不同?

示例:这是完全有效的,

//this is valid
public class Outer {
    int outer_x = 100;

    public void test() {
        Inner inner = new Inner();
        inner.display();

    }

    public class Inner {
        public void display() {
            System.out.println("Outer x is: " + outer_x);
        }
    }
}

这也是有效的

 //this is valid as well
public class Outer {
    int outer_x = 100;

    public void test() {
        Inner inner = new Inner();
        inner.display();
    }

    public class Inner {
        public void display() {
            System.out.println("Outer x is: " + outer_x);
        }
    }

    public void test2() {

        Inner inner2 = new Inner();
        inner2.display();
    }
}

但这不会编译:

public class Outer {
    int outer_x = 100;

    public void test() {

        class Inner {

            public void display() {
                System.out.println("Outer x is: " + outer_x);
            }
        }
        Inner inner = new Inner();
        inner.display();

    }

    public void test2() {

        Inner inner2 = new Inner(); // error here
        inner2.display();
    }
}

为什么会这样?

因为每次调用 test() 都会创建一个完整的新版本 class。因此它可以访问(最终或有效最终)局部变量!

这里是正在发生的事情的概要。

public class Outer {

    public void test(int i) {
        class Inner {
            private int x = i; // i may be different on each call of test

            public void display() {
                System.out.println("Inner x is: " + x);
            }
        }
        Inner inner = new Inner();
        inner.display();
    }

    public void test2() {
        test(1); // prints 1
        test(2); // prints 2

        //now imagine this is valid
        Inner inner2 = new Inner();
        inner2.display();// what's the value of x??
    }
}