在 AndroidTest 中编写外部存储

Question

我想为一个涉及写入外部存储的应用程序编写一个 AndroidTest，但不知何故我无法使其工作。（在 Pixel2、Lg G6、Huawai P8 等多种设备上进行测试）

所以我简化了一切，只是为了测试是否可以写入外部存储。我尝试了 GrantPermissionRule 并在 Granter 上写了我的文章，但完全没有成功。

我可能最终做了太多不必要的事情，所以这是我所做的：

在 AndroidStudio
添加了对 Manifest 的权限
添加了 AndroidManifest 和 uses-permission 标签
自己写的PermissionRequester
编写测试以尝试在 /sdcard/Download 中添加文件夹并删除它

以下是上面编号列表引用的片段

2.

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.company.android.testpermissions">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

<application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
    android:label="com.company.TestPermissions"
    android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
    android:supportsRtl="true"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme" />
</manifest>

3.

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.company.android.testpermissions.test">
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

</manifest>

也试过

<manifest package="com.company.android.testpermissions">...

省略 'test' 后缀

4.

public class MyPermissionRequester {

    public static final String TAG = MyPermissionRequester.class.getSimpleName();

    public static void request(String... permissions) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            UiAutomation auto = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getUiAutomation();
            String cmd = "pm grant " + InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext().getPackageName() + " %1$s";
            String cmdTest = "pm grant " + InstrumentationRegistry.getContext().getPackageName() + " %1$s";
            String currCmd;
            for (String perm : permissions) {
                execute(String.format(cmd, perm), auto);
                execute(String.format(cmdTest, perm), auto);
            }
        }
        GrantPermissionRule.grant(permissions);
    }

    private static void execute(String currCmd, UiAutomation auto){
        Log.d(TAG, "exec cmd: " + currCmd);
        auto.executeShellCommand(currCmd);
    }
}

5.

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class ExampleInstrumentedTest {
    @Test
    public void sdcardTest(){

        //check sdcard availability 
        Assert.assertEquals("Media is not mounted!", Environment.getExternalStorageState(), Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
       //get and check Permissions
MyPermissionRequester.request(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        int grantResult = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext(), Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        Assert.assertEquals(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED, grantResult);
        grantResult = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext(), Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        Assert.assertEquals(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED, grantResult);

        //finally try to create folder
        File f = new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS), "CompanyTest");
        if (!f.exists()){
            boolean mkdir = f.mkdirs();
            Assert.assertTrue("Folder '"+f.getAbsolutePath() + "' not Present!", mkdir);
        }
        boolean delete = f.delete();
        Assert.assertTrue("Folder '"+f.getAbsolutePath() + "' is Present!", delete);
    }
}

测试结果为：

junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: Folder ' /storage/emulated/0/Download/CompanyTest' not Present! at

junit.framework.Assert.fail(Assert.java:50) at

junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue(Assert.java:20) at

com.company.android.testpermissions.ExampleInstrumentedTest.sdcardTest(ExampleInstrumentedTest.java:69)

at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) at ... (omitted rest coming from the TestRunner)

我在这里遗漏了什么或做错了什么？

Answer 1

经过大量痛苦尝试无效的方法后，我终于找到了解决方案：

Google 声称

if your application already requests write access, it will automatically get read access as well.

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-4.1.html#Permissions

或在 WriteExternalStorage 文档中：

Note: If your app uses the WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission, then it implicitly has permission to read the external storage as well.

https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage/files.html#WriteExternalStorage

或清单中的权限：

Any app that declares the WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission is implicitly granted this permission.

https://developer.android.com/reference/android/Manifest.permission.html#READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

但事实并非如此！

如果我明确地将 READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 添加到我的清单中并在运行时请求它，它会像我习惯的那样工作。

所以3.必须加上

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.company.android.testpermissions.test">
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
</manifest>

测试应如下所示：

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class ExampleInstrumentedTest {
    @Test
    public void sdcardTest(){

        //check sdcard availability 
        Assert.assertEquals("Media is not mounted!", Environment.getExternalStorageState(), Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
       //get and check Permissions
MyPermissionRequester.request(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        int grantResult = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext(), Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        Assert.assertEquals(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED, grantResult);
        grantResult = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(InstrumentationRegistry.getContext(), Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        Assert.assertEquals(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED, grantResult);

        //finally try to create folder
        File f = new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS), "CompanyTest");
        if (!f.exists()){
            boolean mkdir = f.mkdirs();
            Assert.assertTrue("Folder '"+f.getAbsolutePath() + "' not Present!", mkdir);
        }
        boolean delete = f.delete();
        Assert.assertTrue("Folder '"+f.getAbsolutePath() + "' is Present!", delete);
    }
}

一切正常。

唯一剩下的问题是 if/why 这是自 Android 8.1

以来的预期行为

Answer 2

正如我在评论中所说，

我唯一能想到的是，在您引用的两个示例中，它们似乎都引用了 Android 的旧版本（看起来它们引用的是 Android 4.1） .这是 link 明确指出用户必须明确批准不属于 Android 6.0 之后应用程序的 "sandbox" 范围内的每个权限：

https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html

此外，他们在我上面提供的 link 中明确声明您必须在清单中同时包含 READ 和 WRITE。然后你可以使用运行时间权限，这将涵盖两者，但前提是你将两者都包含在你的清单中。（在 "Handle the permissions request response" 部分下）

Answer 3

从Android 6.0开始，您需要为运行 androidTest

手动授予运行时权限

adb shell pm grant <pkg_name> android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE adb shell pm grant <pkg_name> android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 您可以通过以下方式验证权限 adb shell dumpsys package <pkg_name> AndroidManifest.xml 仅请求这些权限，但在安装 androidTest APK 时默认不会授予。

在 AndroidTest 中编写外部存储

Write External Storage in AndroidTest

java

android

testing

android-permissions

android-external-storage