为什么在 Kotlin 中调用 null 值时 toString 不抛出异常?

Why doesn't toString throw an exception when called on null value in Kotlin?

给定代码

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val someText: String? = null
    println(someText.toString())
}

当运行时,输出为

null

出现两个问题:

来自docs

fun Any?.toString(): String

Returns a string representation of the object. Can be called with a null receiver, in which case it returns the string "null".

您可以通过编写 extension function 来实现类似的行为。例如:

fun Any?.foo() = println(this ?: "Sadly, this is null")

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val x: Int? = null
    val y: Int? = 3

    x.foo()       // "Sadly, this is null"
    y.foo()       // "3"
    null.foo()    // "Sadly, this is null"
}

Live example.