命令 "sudo ocamlfind list" 和 "ocamlfind list" 的不同结果

Question

我有一个问题，这真的让我抓狂。我从未使用过 OCaml，对它或它的工作原理一无所知。

问题：我需要安装 camlidl 库。我是通过 opam (opam install camlidl) 做到的。

正如我之前所说，我对 OCaml 一无所知。 ocamlfind list，没有显示包列表。搜索网络 - 发现运行ning eval $'opam config eval' 有帮助。

奇怪的是（我不知道为什么）ocamlfind 在这个命令执行后能够看到包，但是（！）如果我运行 sudo ocamlfind list 它会显示没有这个包的列表。

谁能帮我理解为什么会这样以及如何解决这个问题？我需要编译一些需要camlidl的东西，而且必须在sudo下完成。

提前致谢！

执行ocamlfind list

bigarray            (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
bytes               (version: [OCaml strictly before 4.02])
camlidl             (version: 1.05)
camlp4              (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.exceptiontracer (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.extend       (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.foldgenerator (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.fulllib      (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.gramlib      (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.lib          (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.listcomprehension (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.locationstripper (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.macro        (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.mapgenerator (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.metagenerator (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.profiler     (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.quotations   (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.quotations.o (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.quotations.r (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.tracer       (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs       (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.bytecomp (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.common (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.optcomp (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.toplevel (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
dynlink             (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
findlib             (version: 1.5.5)
graphics            (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
labltk              (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
num                 (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
num-top             (version: 1.5.5)
num.core            (version: [internal])
oUnit               (version: 2.0.0)
oUnit.advanced      (version: 2.0.0)
oUnit.threads       (version: 2.0.0)
ocamlbuild          (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
ocamlgraph          (version: 1.8.6)
stdlib              (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
str                 (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
threads             (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
threads.posix       (version: [internal])
threads.vm          (version: [internal])
unix                (version: [distributed with Ocaml])

执行sudo ocamlfind list

bigarray            (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4              (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.exceptiontracer (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.extend       (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.foldgenerator (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.fulllib      (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.gramlib      (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.lib          (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.listcomprehension (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.locationstripper (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.macro        (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.mapgenerator (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.metagenerator (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.profiler     (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.quotations   (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.quotations.o (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.quotations.r (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
camlp4.tracer       (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs       (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.bytecomp (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.common (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.optcomp (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
compiler-libs.toplevel (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
dynlink             (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
findlib             (version: 1.4.1)
graphics            (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
labltk              (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
num                 (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
num-top             (version: 1.4.1)
num.core            (version: [internal])
oUnit               (version: 2.0.0)
oUnit.advanced      (version: 2.0.0)
oUnit.threads       (version: 2.0.0)
ocamlbuild          (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
ocamlgraph          (version: 1.8.5)
stdlib              (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
str                 (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
threads             (version: [distributed with Ocaml])
threads.posix       (version: [internal])
threads.vm          (version: [internal])
unix                (version: [distributed with Ocaml])

执行opam

Installed packages for system:
base-bigarray   base  Bigarray library distributed with the OCaml compiler
base-threads    base  Threads library distributed with the OCaml compiler
base-unix       base  Unix library distributed with the OCaml compiler
camlidl         1.05  Stub code generator for OCaml
ocamlfind      1.5.5  A library manager for OCaml
ocamlgraph     1.8.6  A generic graph library for OCaml
ounit          2.0.0  Unit testing framework loosely based on HUnit. It is similar to JUnit, and other XUnit testing frameworks

执行 sudo -i opam list

Installed packages for system:
base-bigarray   base  Bigarray library distributed with the OCaml compiler
base-threads    base  Threads library distributed with the OCaml compiler
base-unix       base  Unix library distributed with the OCaml compiler
camlidl         1.05  Stub code generator for OCaml

Answer 1

eval $(opam config env) 用变量填充您的环境，这有助于 ocamlfind 查找库，c.f，PIP 在 Python 中的虚拟环境。

当您在用户帐户下评估此命令时，您仅为一个用户填充环境，因此其他用户（包括 root）看不到它。此外，通常，您在用户本地模式下安装 ocaml 包，而不是在系统范围内。

为了解决您的问题，无需深入研究 OCaml 基础结构，我会提出以下建议，

如果可以，请不要使用sudo。实际上，我没有看到使用 sudo 进行编译的原因。它可能只需要安装。所以，使用 make 和 sudo make install。如果您已经不小心运行 make 和 sudo 它可能会在 root 所有权下创建文件，因此您需要删除所有内容并从头开始。
如果不可能（包构建系统如此糟糕），则尝试在 root 用户下安装 opam，并以 root 身份执行所有操作，例如，切换到 root 模式sudo su - 并照常继续。

命令 "sudo ocamlfind list" 和 "ocamlfind list" 的不同结果

different results for commands "sudo ocamlfind list" and "ocamlfind list"

sudo

ocaml

root

ocamlfind

opam