NCO：使用 NCO ncks 从 NetCDF 文件中提取变量
NCO: Extract a variable from NetCDF file using NCO ncks
我正在尝试通过输入以下命令从 multi-variable netcdf 文件中提取变量：
ncks -v ta temp1.nc out.nc
然而我再看out.nc header，所有的变数都还在。
temp1.nc和out.nc的header如下：
--- temp1.nc header ---
dimensions:
time = UNLIMITED ; // (124 currently)
lon = 256 ;
bnds = 2 ;
lat = 128 ;
lev = 40 ;
variables:
double time(time) ;
time:standard_name = "time" ;
time:long_name = "time" ;
time:units = "days since 1850-1-1" ;
time:calendar = "365_day" ;
time:axis = "T" ;
double lon(lon) ;
lon:standard_name = "longitude" ;
lon:long_name = "longitude" ;
lon:units = "degrees_east" ;
lon:axis = "X" ;
lon:bounds = "lon_bnds" ;
double lon_bnds(lon, bnds) ;
double lat(lat) ;
lat:standard_name = "latitude" ;
lat:long_name = "latitude" ;
lat:units = "degrees_north" ;
lat:axis = "Y" ;
lat:bounds = "lat_bnds" ;
double lat_bnds(lat, bnds) ;
double p0 ;
p0:long_name = "reference pressure" ;
p0:units = "Pa" ;
double lev(lev) ;
lev:standard_name = "atmosphere_hybrid_sigma_pressure_coordinat
lev:axis = "Z" ;
lev:positive = "down" ;
lev:long_name = "hybrid sigma pressure coordinate" ;
lev:units = "1" ;
lev:formula_terms = "a: a b: b p0: p0 ps: ps" ;
lev:bounds = "lev_bnds" ;
lev:formula = "p = a*p0 + b*ps" ;
double lev_bnds(lev, bnds) ;
lev_bnds:standard_name = "atmosphere_hybrid_sigma_pressure_coor
lev_bnds:units = "1" ;
lev_bnds:formula_terms = "a: a_bnds b: b_bnds p0: p0 ps: ps" ;
double a(lev) ;
a:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: ap(k)" ;
a:units = "Pa" ;
double b(lev) ;
b:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: b(k)" ;
b:units = "1" ;
double a_bnds(lev, bnds) ;
a_bnds:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: ap(k+1/2)
a_bnds:units = "Pa" ;
double b_bnds(lev, bnds) ;
b_bnds:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: b(k+1/2)"
b_bnds:units = "1" ;
float ps(time, lat, lon) ;
ps:standard_name = "surface_air_pressure" ;
ps:long_name = "Surface Air Pressure" ;
ps:units = "Pa" ;
ps:comment = "surface pressure, not mean sea level pressure" ;
ps:original_units = "hPa" ;
ps:history = "2011-10-17T12:45:37Z altered by CMOR";
ps:cell_measures = "area: areacella" ;
float ta(time, lev, lat, lon) ;
ta:standard_name = "air_temperature" ;
ta:long_name = "Air Temperature" ;
ta:units = "K" ;
ta:_FillValue = 1.e+20f ;
ta:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
ta:original_name = "T" ;
ta:cell_measures = "area: areacella" ;
ta:history = "2011-10-17T12:45:37Z altered by CMOR ;
// global attributes:
--- out.nc header ---
dimensions:
lev = 40 ;
bnds = 2 ;
lat = 128 ;
lon = 256 ;
time = UNLIMITED ; // (124 currently)
variables:
double a(lev) ;
a:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: ap(k)" ;
a:units = "Pa" ;
double a_bnds(lev, bnds) ;
a_bnds:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: ap(k+1/2)" ;
a_bnds:units = "Pa" ;
double b(lev) ;
b:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: b(k)" ;
b:units = "1" ;
double b_bnds(lev, bnds) ;
b_bnds:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: b(k+1/2)" ;
b_bnds:units = "1" ;
double lat(lat) ;
lat:standard_name = "latitude" ;
lat:long_name = "latitude" ;
lat:units = "degrees_north" ;
lat:axis = "Y" ;
lat:bounds = "lat_bnds" ;
double lat_bnds(lat, bnds) ;
double lev(lev) ;
lev:standard_name = "atmosphere_hybrid_sigma_pressure_coordinate" ;
lev:axis = "Z" ;
lev:positive = "down" ;
lev:long_name = "hybrid sigma pressure coordinate" ;
lev:units = "1" ;
lev:formula_terms = "a: a b: b p0: p0 ps: ps" ;
lev:bounds = "lev_bnds" ;
lev:formula = "p = a*p0 + b*ps" ;
double lev_bnds(lev, bnds) ;
lev_bnds:standard_name = "atmosphere_hybrid_sigma_pressure_coordinate" ;
lev_bnds:units = "1" ;
lev_bnds:formula_terms = "a: a_bnds b: b_bnds p0: p0 ps: ps" ;
double lon(lon) ;
lon:standard_name = "longitude" ;
lon:long_name = "longitude" ;
lon:units = "degrees_east" ;
lon:axis = "X" ;
lon:bounds = "lon_bnds" ;
double lon_bnds(lon, bnds) ;
double p0 ;
p0:long_name = "reference pressure" ;
p0:units = "Pa" ;
float ps(time, lat, lon) ;
ps:standard_name = "surface_air_pressure" ;
ps:long_name = "Surface Air Pressure" ;
ps:units = "Pa" ;
ps:comment = "surface pressure, not mean sea level pressure" ;
ps:original_units = "hPa" ;
ps:history = "2011-10-17T12:45:37Z altered by CMOR" ;
ps:cell_measures = "area: areacella" ;
float ta(time, lev, lat, lon) ;
ta:standard_name = "air_temperature" ;
ta:long_name = "Air Temperature" ;
ta:units = "K" ;
ta:_FillValue = 1.e+20f ;
ta:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
ta:original_name = "T" ;
ta:cell_measures = "area: areacella" ;
ta:history = "2011-10-17T12:45:37Z altered by CMOR" ;
double time(time) ;
time:standard_name = "time" ;
time:long_name = "time" ;
time:units = "days since 1850-1-1" ;
time:calendar = "365_day" ;
time:axis = "T" ;
// global attributes:
我预计 out.nc 上只有 ta。我没有从 ncks 收到任何错误消息。
我在这里做错了什么？感谢您的帮助。
谢谢。
出现此行为是因为，默认情况下，NCO 会使用请求的变量提取所有变量 "associated"。这样用户就可以得到他们需要的一切，而不必自己寻找。换句话说，它是一个特性，而不是一个错误。要仅提取明确请求的变量，请使用 -C 开关，记录在 here，例如
ncks -C -v ta temp1.nc out.nc
文档还展示了如何去除 CF-conventions-associated 变量，同时保留坐标，以及各种更长的选项。
只是给NCO另一个命令行选择，你也可以使用CDO，
命令是：
cdo selvar,variable_name input.nc output.nc
如果没有，可以使用 ubuntu、mint 等安装
sudo apt-get install cdo
我正在尝试通过输入以下命令从 multi-variable netcdf 文件中提取变量：
ncks -v ta temp1.nc out.nc
然而我再看out.nc header，所有的变数都还在。
temp1.nc和out.nc的header如下：
--- temp1.nc header ---
dimensions:
time = UNLIMITED ; // (124 currently)
lon = 256 ;
bnds = 2 ;
lat = 128 ;
lev = 40 ;
variables:
double time(time) ;
time:standard_name = "time" ;
time:long_name = "time" ;
time:units = "days since 1850-1-1" ;
time:calendar = "365_day" ;
time:axis = "T" ;
double lon(lon) ;
lon:standard_name = "longitude" ;
lon:long_name = "longitude" ;
lon:units = "degrees_east" ;
lon:axis = "X" ;
lon:bounds = "lon_bnds" ;
double lon_bnds(lon, bnds) ;
double lat(lat) ;
lat:standard_name = "latitude" ;
lat:long_name = "latitude" ;
lat:units = "degrees_north" ;
lat:axis = "Y" ;
lat:bounds = "lat_bnds" ;
double lat_bnds(lat, bnds) ;
double p0 ;
p0:long_name = "reference pressure" ;
p0:units = "Pa" ;
double lev(lev) ;
lev:standard_name = "atmosphere_hybrid_sigma_pressure_coordinat
lev:axis = "Z" ;
lev:positive = "down" ;
lev:long_name = "hybrid sigma pressure coordinate" ;
lev:units = "1" ;
lev:formula_terms = "a: a b: b p0: p0 ps: ps" ;
lev:bounds = "lev_bnds" ;
lev:formula = "p = a*p0 + b*ps" ;
double lev_bnds(lev, bnds) ;
lev_bnds:standard_name = "atmosphere_hybrid_sigma_pressure_coor
lev_bnds:units = "1" ;
lev_bnds:formula_terms = "a: a_bnds b: b_bnds p0: p0 ps: ps" ;
double a(lev) ;
a:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: ap(k)" ;
a:units = "Pa" ;
double b(lev) ;
b:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: b(k)" ;
b:units = "1" ;
double a_bnds(lev, bnds) ;
a_bnds:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: ap(k+1/2)
a_bnds:units = "Pa" ;
double b_bnds(lev, bnds) ;
b_bnds:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: b(k+1/2)"
b_bnds:units = "1" ;
float ps(time, lat, lon) ;
ps:standard_name = "surface_air_pressure" ;
ps:long_name = "Surface Air Pressure" ;
ps:units = "Pa" ;
ps:comment = "surface pressure, not mean sea level pressure" ;
ps:original_units = "hPa" ;
ps:history = "2011-10-17T12:45:37Z altered by CMOR";
ps:cell_measures = "area: areacella" ;
float ta(time, lev, lat, lon) ;
ta:standard_name = "air_temperature" ;
ta:long_name = "Air Temperature" ;
ta:units = "K" ;
ta:_FillValue = 1.e+20f ;
ta:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
ta:original_name = "T" ;
ta:cell_measures = "area: areacella" ;
ta:history = "2011-10-17T12:45:37Z altered by CMOR ;
// global attributes:
--- out.nc header ---
dimensions:
lev = 40 ;
bnds = 2 ;
lat = 128 ;
lon = 256 ;
time = UNLIMITED ; // (124 currently)
variables:
double a(lev) ;
a:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: ap(k)" ;
a:units = "Pa" ;
double a_bnds(lev, bnds) ;
a_bnds:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: ap(k+1/2)" ;
a_bnds:units = "Pa" ;
double b(lev) ;
b:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: b(k)" ;
b:units = "1" ;
double b_bnds(lev, bnds) ;
b_bnds:long_name = "vertical coordinate formula term: b(k+1/2)" ;
b_bnds:units = "1" ;
double lat(lat) ;
lat:standard_name = "latitude" ;
lat:long_name = "latitude" ;
lat:units = "degrees_north" ;
lat:axis = "Y" ;
lat:bounds = "lat_bnds" ;
double lat_bnds(lat, bnds) ;
double lev(lev) ;
lev:standard_name = "atmosphere_hybrid_sigma_pressure_coordinate" ;
lev:axis = "Z" ;
lev:positive = "down" ;
lev:long_name = "hybrid sigma pressure coordinate" ;
lev:units = "1" ;
lev:formula_terms = "a: a b: b p0: p0 ps: ps" ;
lev:bounds = "lev_bnds" ;
lev:formula = "p = a*p0 + b*ps" ;
double lev_bnds(lev, bnds) ;
lev_bnds:standard_name = "atmosphere_hybrid_sigma_pressure_coordinate" ;
lev_bnds:units = "1" ;
lev_bnds:formula_terms = "a: a_bnds b: b_bnds p0: p0 ps: ps" ;
double lon(lon) ;
lon:standard_name = "longitude" ;
lon:long_name = "longitude" ;
lon:units = "degrees_east" ;
lon:axis = "X" ;
lon:bounds = "lon_bnds" ;
double lon_bnds(lon, bnds) ;
double p0 ;
p0:long_name = "reference pressure" ;
p0:units = "Pa" ;
float ps(time, lat, lon) ;
ps:standard_name = "surface_air_pressure" ;
ps:long_name = "Surface Air Pressure" ;
ps:units = "Pa" ;
ps:comment = "surface pressure, not mean sea level pressure" ;
ps:original_units = "hPa" ;
ps:history = "2011-10-17T12:45:37Z altered by CMOR" ;
ps:cell_measures = "area: areacella" ;
float ta(time, lev, lat, lon) ;
ta:standard_name = "air_temperature" ;
ta:long_name = "Air Temperature" ;
ta:units = "K" ;
ta:_FillValue = 1.e+20f ;
ta:missing_value = 1.e+20f ;
ta:original_name = "T" ;
ta:cell_measures = "area: areacella" ;
ta:history = "2011-10-17T12:45:37Z altered by CMOR" ;
double time(time) ;
time:standard_name = "time" ;
time:long_name = "time" ;
time:units = "days since 1850-1-1" ;
time:calendar = "365_day" ;
time:axis = "T" ;
// global attributes:
我预计 out.nc 上只有 ta。我没有从 ncks 收到任何错误消息。
我在这里做错了什么？感谢您的帮助。
谢谢。
出现此行为是因为，默认情况下，NCO 会使用请求的变量提取所有变量 "associated"。这样用户就可以得到他们需要的一切，而不必自己寻找。换句话说，它是一个特性，而不是一个错误。要仅提取明确请求的变量，请使用 -C 开关，记录在 here，例如
ncks -C -v ta temp1.nc out.nc
文档还展示了如何去除 CF-conventions-associated 变量，同时保留坐标，以及各种更长的选项。
只是给NCO另一个命令行选择，你也可以使用CDO，
命令是：
cdo selvar,variable_name input.nc output.nc
如果没有，可以使用 ubuntu、mint 等安装
sudo apt-get install cdo