点和矢量之间的相对角度

Relative angle between point and vector

我需要计算点数组和向量数组之间的角度(调整向量的方向)。我正在使用 this 的 angle2 函数(基于 atan2)来计算角度,但是我似乎做错了什么。

数据是2个连续轨道。一条轨道带有航向值,另一条轨道只是坐标。所以一个轨道(Easting2,Northing2)是一个矢量数组,另一个(Easting,Northing) - 只是点。我想我必须将这些点变成相对于另一个基于矢量的轨道的矢量,然后使用 atan2 方法。这是我的思考过程:

  1. 利用track2(Easting2, Northing2)调整track1(Easting, Northing;即 轨道 2 成为轨道 1)
  2. 的原点
  3. 如果track2走步长度为1,则计算一组坐标 与给定的 track2 路线相同的方向(这是 next.easting 和 next.northing)
  4. 计算重新定位的track1与 track2.
  5. 的虚点

但是,在此处的示例中,我希望第一行的角度约为 30 度,第二行的角度约为 50 度。我做错了什么??

玩具示例:

library(dplyr)
df <- structure(list(Easting = c(519984.801109577, 520254.016648783
), Northing = c(8015778.00697284, 8017130.41190275), Easting2 = c(520033.416692364, 
518599.418722116), Northing2 = c(8029164.59837475, 8023952.71894817
), Course = c(195.6, 196)), .Names = c("Easting", "Northing", 
"Easting2", "Northing2", "Course"), row.names = c(NA, -2L), class = c("tbl_df", 
"tbl", "data.frame"))


# function from the linked post, to calculate angles between vectors
angle2 <- function(M,N){
atan2(N[2],N[1]) - atan2(M[2],M[1]) 
        }

df %>%
mutate(Easting.adj = Easting - Easting2,
    Northing.adj = Northing - Northing2,
    Course.rad = Course * pi / 180,
    Next.Easting2 = cos(Course.rad),
    Next.Northing2 = sin(Course.rad)) %>%
rowwise() %>%
mutate(Angle = angle2(c(Next.Easting2, Next.Northing2), c(Easting.adj, Northing.adj)),
    # convert back to degrees
    Angle = Angle * 180 / pi)

这里有一张 Google 地球图像,如果两条线。

对于所提供的数字,图像并不完全准确,因为 Easting.adj 第 1 行为负数,第 2 行为正数。问题是因为数学角度是 counter-clockwise 从 x-direction,而您的航海路线似乎是从 north-direction 开始顺时针定义的。应该使用 90 - Course:

df %>%
  mutate(Easting.adj = Easting - Easting2,
         Northing.adj = Northing - Northing2,
         Course.rad = (90 - Course) * pi / 180,
         Next.Easting2 = cos(Course.rad),
         Next.Northing2 = sin(Course.rad)) %>%
  rowwise() %>%
  mutate(Angle = angle2(c(Next.Easting2, Next.Northing2), c(Easting.adj, Northing.adj)),
         # convert back to degrees
         Angle = Angle * 180 / pi)

以上代码生成 15.4 度和 29.6 度作为您的角度。或者,您可以保持角度:

df %>%
  mutate(Easting.adj = Easting - Easting2,
         Northing.adj = Northing - Northing2,
         math_course = 90 - Course) %>%
  rowwise() %>%
  mutate(direction = atan2(Northing.adj, Easting.adj) * 180 / pi,
         angle = direction - math_course)