将操纵杆轴值转换为十六进制三元组代码
Converting joystick axis values to hex triplet codes
在 pygame 中使用 PS4 控制器，我已经想出了如何捕捉可以变化为 -1 或 1 的轴旋转，但我不知道如何转换这些数字到 色环 之类的刻度，以便将其变成十六进制三元组数字。
模仿色环的值比任何东西都重要，因为我不希望操纵杆在不运动时捕捉颜色。 Picture
（因为这有点令人困惑，基本上我希望能够移动我的操纵杆并根据它移动的位置捕获准确的十六进制三元组数字）
到目前为止，这是我的代码：
import pygame
# Define some colors
BLACK = ( 0, 0, 0)
WHITE = ( 62, 210, 255)
# This is a simple class that will help us print to the screen
# It has nothing to do with the joysticks, just outputting the
# information.
class TextPrint:
def __init__(self):
self.reset()
self.font = pygame.font.Font(None, 25)
def print(self, screen, textString):
textBitmap = self.font.render(textString, True, BLACK)
screen.blit(textBitmap, [self.x, self.y])
self.y += self.line_height
def reset(self):
self.x = 25
self.y = 25
self.line_height = 30
def indent(self):
self.x += 10
def unindent(self):
self.x -= 10
pygame.init()
# Set the width and height of the screen [width,height]
size = [900, 1080]
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
pygame.display.set_caption("PS4Testing")
#Loop until the user clicks the close button.
done = False
# Used to manage how fast the screen updates
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
# Initialize the joysticks
pygame.joystick.init()
# Get ready to print
textPrint = TextPrint()
# -------- Main Program Loop -----------
while done==False:
# EVENT PROCESSING STEP
for event in pygame.event.get(): # User did something
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # If user clicked close
done=True # Flag that we are done so we exit this loop
screen.fill(WHITE)
textPrint.reset()
# Get count of joysticks
joystick_count = pygame.joystick.get_count()
# For each joystick:
for i in range(joystick_count):
joystick = pygame.joystick.Joystick(i)
joystick.init()
# Usually axis run in pairs, up/down for one, and left/right for
# the other.
axes = joystick.get_numaxes()
for i in range( axes ):
axis = joystick.get_axis( i )
textPrint.print(screen, "Axis {} value: {:>6.3f}".format(i, axis) )
textPrint.unindent()
# ALL CODE TO DRAW SHOULD GO ABOVE THIS COMMENT
# Go ahead and update the screen with what we've drawn.
pygame.display.flip()
# Limit to 20 frames per second
clock.tick(20)
# Close the window and quit.
# If you forget this line, the program will 'hang'
# on exit if running from IDLE.
pygame.quit ()
从 official pygame documentation 修改代码
如有任何帮助，我们将不胜感激
我的计划：
- 求摇杆在操纵杆上的角度
- 使用 HSV 和杆的角度获取 RGB 值
- 转换为十六进制
求摇杆的摇杆角度
首先，我们需要找到操纵杆的角度。我们可以使用 law of cosines 和 axis 语句作为三角形边的长度来做到这一点（因为它们来自一个 point/center）。
在此块中存储轴语句：
for i in range( axes ):
axis = joystick.get_axis( i )
#Storing axis statement
if i == 0:
Xaxis = axis
elif i == 1:
Yaxis = axis
textPrint.print(screen, "Axis {} value: {:>6.3f}".format(i, axis) )
我们存储它们是因为在 for 循环中我们一次只能接受一个语句。
然后定义一个函数来 return 摇杆的角度。我们需要为 pi 和 acos.
使用 math 模块
def get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis):
#To avoid ZeroDivisionError
#P.S. - you can improve it a bit.
if Xaxis == 0:
Xaxis = 0.001
if Yaxis == 0:
Yaxis = 0.001
#defining the third side of a triangle using the Pythagorean theorem
b = ((Xaxis)**2 + (Yaxis)**2)**0.5
c = Xaxis
a = Yaxis
#Using law of cosines we'll find angle using arccos of cos
#math.acos returns angles in radians, so we need to multiply it by 180/math.pi
angle = math.acos((b**2 + c**2 - a**2) / (2*b*c)) * 180/math.pi
#It'll fix angles to be in range of 0 to 360
if Yaxis > 0:
angle = 360 - angle
return angle
现在 get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis) 将 return 杆的角度。东为0°，北为90°，西为180°，南为270°。
获取 HSV 并转换为 RGB
我们有棒角，我们可以用它来制作 HSV 颜色，然后将其转换为 RGB，因为色轮是基于颜色的色调。
色相与棍子的角度范围相同，所以我们可以用棍子的角度作为色相。
使用 Wikipedia 中的公式，定义一个将 HSV 转换为 RGB 的函数。
def hsv_to_rgb(H,S,V):
#0 <= H <= 360
#0 <= S <= 1
#0 <= V <= 1
C = V * S
h = H/60
X = C * (1 - abs(h % 2 -1))
#Yes, Python can compare like "0 <= 2 > 1"
if 0 <= h <= 1:
r = C; g = X; b = 0
elif 1 <= h <= 2:
r = X; g = C; b = 0
elif 2 <= h <= 3:
r = 0; g = C; b = X
elif 3 <= h <= 4:
r = 0; g = X; b = C
elif 4 <= h <= 5:
r = X; g = 0; b = C
elif 5 <= h < 6:
r = C; g = 0; b = X
m = V - C
#Final computing and converting from 0 - 1 to 0 - 255
R = int((r+m)*255)
G = int((g+m)*255)
B = int((b+m)*255)
return [R,G,B]
现在 hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1) 将 return 范围为 0 - 255 的红色、绿色和蓝色列表（以便更容易地转换为十六进制）。在这种情况下不需要饱和度和值。
转换为十六进制
最简单的部分。我们需要获取 RGB 列表并将值转换为十六进制。
colors = hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
#Converting to hex
lst = list(map(hex,colors))
#Cutting the "0x" part
for i in range(len(lst)):
lst[i] = lst[i][2:]
#If one of the colors has only one digit, extra 0 will be added for a better look
if len(lst[i]) == 1:
lst[i] = "0"+str(lst[i])
print(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis))
将打印 #ff0000、#00ff00 和 #0000ff 之类的内容。
您也可以让您的程序实时显示颜色变化，只需在此块中添加WHITE = colors。 如果您患有光敏性癫痫，请勿使用它。
合并一切
将第一个点和第二个点的函数放在开头的某个位置。
将第一个点的存储添加到块中
for i in range( axes ):
axis = joystick.get_axis( i )
textPrint.print(screen, "Axis {} value: {:>6.3f}".format(i, axis) )
从块后的第三个点开始添加转换。我建议做一个死区功能。
death_zone = 0.1
if abs(Xaxis) > death_zone or abs(Yaxis) > death_zone:
#If you prefer HSV color wheel, use hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
#Else if you prefer RGB color wheel, use hsv_to_rgb(360-get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
colors = hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
#Converting to hex
lst = list(map(hex,colors))
#Cutting the "0x" part
for i in range(len(lst)):
lst[i] = lst[i][2:]
#If one of the colors has only one digit, extra 0 will be added for a better look
if len(lst[i]) == 1:
lst[i] = "0"+str(lst[i])
print("#"+"".join(lst))
毕竟您的代码可能是这样的：
P.S。 - 您可能需要更改一些代码，因为我认为我的操纵杆轴没有被正确捕获。
import pygame
import math
# Define some colors
BLACK = ( 0, 0, 0)
WHITE = ( 62, 210, 255)
def hsv_to_rgb(H,S,V):
#Accirding to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV#From_HSV
#0 <= H <= 360
#0 <= S <= 1
#0 <= V <= 1
C = V * S
h = H/60
X = C * (1 - abs(h % 2 -1))
#Yes, Python can compare like "0 <= 2 > 1"
if 0 <= h <= 1:
r = C; g = X; b = 0
elif 1 <= h <= 2:
r = X; g = C; b = 0
elif 2 <= h <= 3:
r = 0; g = C; b = X
elif 3 <= h <= 4:
r = 0; g = X; b = C
elif 4 <= h <= 5:
r = X; g = 0; b = C
elif 5 <= h < 6:
r = C; g = 0; b = X
m = V - C
#Final computing and converting from 0 - 1 to 0 - 255
R = int((r+m)*255)
G = int((g+m)*255)
B = int((b+m)*255)
return [R,G,B]
def get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis):
#To avoid ZeroDivisionError
#P.S. - you can improve it a bit.
if Xaxis == 0:
Xaxis = 0.001
if Yaxis == 0:
Yaxis = 0.001
#defining the third side of a triangle using the Pythagorean theorem
b = ((Xaxis)**2 + (Yaxis)**2)**0.5
c = Xaxis
a = Yaxis
#Using law of cosines we'll fing angle using arccos of cos
#math.acos returns angles in radians, so we need to multiply it by 180/math.pi
angle = math.acos((b**2 + c**2 - a**2) / (2*b*c)) * 180/math.pi
#It'll fix angles to be in range of 0 to 360
if Yaxis > 0:
angle = 360 - angle
return angle
# This is a simple class that will help us print to the screen
# It has nothing to do with the joysticks, just outputting the
# information.
class TextPrint:
def __init__(self):
self.reset()
self.font = pygame.font.Font(None, 25)
def print(self, screen, textString):
textBitmap = self.font.render(textString, True, BLACK)
screen.blit(textBitmap, [self.x, self.y])
self.y += self.line_height
def reset(self):
self.x = 25
self.y = 25
self.line_height = 30
def indent(self):
self.x += 10
def unindent(self):
self.x -= 10
pygame.init()
# Set the width and height of the screen [width,height]
size = [900, 1080]
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
pygame.display.set_caption("PS4Testing")
#Loop until the user clicks the close button.
done = False
# Used to manage how fast the screen updates
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
# Initialize the joysticks
pygame.joystick.init()
# Get ready to print
textPrint = TextPrint()
# -------- Main Program Loop -----------
while done==False:
# EVENT PROCESSING STEP
for event in pygame.event.get(): # User did something
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # If user clicked close
done=True # Flag that we are done so we exit this loop
screen.fill(WHITE)
textPrint.reset()
# Get count of joysticks
joystick_count = pygame.joystick.get_count()
# For each joystick:
for i in range(joystick_count):
joystick = pygame.joystick.Joystick(i)
joystick.init()
# Usually axis run in pairs, up/down for one, and left/right for
# the other.
axes = joystick.get_numaxes()
for i in range( axes ):
axis = joystick.get_axis( i )
#Storing axis statement
if i == 0:
Xaxis = axis
elif i == 1:
Yaxis = axis
textPrint.print(screen, "Axis {} value: {:>6.3f}".format(i, axis) )
textPrint.unindent()
#If joystick is not in the center
#Death zone is used to not capture joystick if it's very close to the center
death_zone = 0.1
if abs(Xaxis) > death_zone or abs(Yaxis) > death_zone:
#If you prefer HSV color wheel, use hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
#Else if you prefer RGB color wheel, use hsv_to_rgb(360-get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
colors = hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
#Converting to hex
lst = list(map(hex,colors))
#Cutting the "0x" part
for i in range(len(lst)):
lst[i] = lst[i][2:]
#If one of the colors has only one digit, extra 0 will be added for a better look
if len(lst[i]) == 1:
lst[i] = "0"+str(lst[i])
print("#"+"".join(lst))
#You can use it to see color change in real time.
#But I don't recomend to use it if you have photosensitive epilepsy.
#WHITE = colors
# ALL CODE TO DRAW SHOULD GO ABOVE THIS COMMENT
# Go ahead and update the screen with what we've drawn.
pygame.display.flip()
# Limit to 20 frames per second
clock.tick(20)
# Close the window and quit.
# If you forget this line, the program will 'hang'
# on exit if running from IDLE.
pygame.quit ()
在 pygame 中使用 PS4 控制器，我已经想出了如何捕捉可以变化为 -1 或 1 的轴旋转，但我不知道如何转换这些数字到 色环 之类的刻度，以便将其变成十六进制三元组数字。
模仿色环的值比任何东西都重要，因为我不希望操纵杆在不运动时捕捉颜色。 Picture
（因为这有点令人困惑，基本上我希望能够移动我的操纵杆并根据它移动的位置捕获准确的十六进制三元组数字）
到目前为止，这是我的代码：
import pygame
# Define some colors
BLACK = ( 0, 0, 0)
WHITE = ( 62, 210, 255)
# This is a simple class that will help us print to the screen
# It has nothing to do with the joysticks, just outputting the
# information.
class TextPrint:
def __init__(self):
self.reset()
self.font = pygame.font.Font(None, 25)
def print(self, screen, textString):
textBitmap = self.font.render(textString, True, BLACK)
screen.blit(textBitmap, [self.x, self.y])
self.y += self.line_height
def reset(self):
self.x = 25
self.y = 25
self.line_height = 30
def indent(self):
self.x += 10
def unindent(self):
self.x -= 10
pygame.init()
# Set the width and height of the screen [width,height]
size = [900, 1080]
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
pygame.display.set_caption("PS4Testing")
#Loop until the user clicks the close button.
done = False
# Used to manage how fast the screen updates
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
# Initialize the joysticks
pygame.joystick.init()
# Get ready to print
textPrint = TextPrint()
# -------- Main Program Loop -----------
while done==False:
# EVENT PROCESSING STEP
for event in pygame.event.get(): # User did something
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # If user clicked close
done=True # Flag that we are done so we exit this loop
screen.fill(WHITE)
textPrint.reset()
# Get count of joysticks
joystick_count = pygame.joystick.get_count()
# For each joystick:
for i in range(joystick_count):
joystick = pygame.joystick.Joystick(i)
joystick.init()
# Usually axis run in pairs, up/down for one, and left/right for
# the other.
axes = joystick.get_numaxes()
for i in range( axes ):
axis = joystick.get_axis( i )
textPrint.print(screen, "Axis {} value: {:>6.3f}".format(i, axis) )
textPrint.unindent()
# ALL CODE TO DRAW SHOULD GO ABOVE THIS COMMENT
# Go ahead and update the screen with what we've drawn.
pygame.display.flip()
# Limit to 20 frames per second
clock.tick(20)
# Close the window and quit.
# If you forget this line, the program will 'hang'
# on exit if running from IDLE.
pygame.quit ()
从 official pygame documentation 修改代码
如有任何帮助，我们将不胜感激
我的计划：
- 求摇杆在操纵杆上的角度
- 使用 HSV 和杆的角度获取 RGB 值
- 转换为十六进制
求摇杆的摇杆角度
首先，我们需要找到操纵杆的角度。我们可以使用 law of cosines 和 axis 语句作为三角形边的长度来做到这一点（因为它们来自一个 point/center）。
在此块中存储轴语句：
for i in range( axes ):
axis = joystick.get_axis( i )
#Storing axis statement
if i == 0:
Xaxis = axis
elif i == 1:
Yaxis = axis
textPrint.print(screen, "Axis {} value: {:>6.3f}".format(i, axis) )
我们存储它们是因为在 for 循环中我们一次只能接受一个语句。
然后定义一个函数来 return 摇杆的角度。我们需要为 pi 和 acos.
math 模块
def get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis):
#To avoid ZeroDivisionError
#P.S. - you can improve it a bit.
if Xaxis == 0:
Xaxis = 0.001
if Yaxis == 0:
Yaxis = 0.001
#defining the third side of a triangle using the Pythagorean theorem
b = ((Xaxis)**2 + (Yaxis)**2)**0.5
c = Xaxis
a = Yaxis
#Using law of cosines we'll find angle using arccos of cos
#math.acos returns angles in radians, so we need to multiply it by 180/math.pi
angle = math.acos((b**2 + c**2 - a**2) / (2*b*c)) * 180/math.pi
#It'll fix angles to be in range of 0 to 360
if Yaxis > 0:
angle = 360 - angle
return angle
现在 get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis) 将 return 杆的角度。东为0°，北为90°，西为180°，南为270°。
获取 HSV 并转换为 RGB
我们有棒角，我们可以用它来制作 HSV 颜色，然后将其转换为 RGB，因为色轮是基于颜色的色调。
色相与棍子的角度范围相同，所以我们可以用棍子的角度作为色相。
使用 Wikipedia 中的公式，定义一个将 HSV 转换为 RGB 的函数。
def hsv_to_rgb(H,S,V):
#0 <= H <= 360
#0 <= S <= 1
#0 <= V <= 1
C = V * S
h = H/60
X = C * (1 - abs(h % 2 -1))
#Yes, Python can compare like "0 <= 2 > 1"
if 0 <= h <= 1:
r = C; g = X; b = 0
elif 1 <= h <= 2:
r = X; g = C; b = 0
elif 2 <= h <= 3:
r = 0; g = C; b = X
elif 3 <= h <= 4:
r = 0; g = X; b = C
elif 4 <= h <= 5:
r = X; g = 0; b = C
elif 5 <= h < 6:
r = C; g = 0; b = X
m = V - C
#Final computing and converting from 0 - 1 to 0 - 255
R = int((r+m)*255)
G = int((g+m)*255)
B = int((b+m)*255)
return [R,G,B]
现在 hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1) 将 return 范围为 0 - 255 的红色、绿色和蓝色列表（以便更容易地转换为十六进制）。在这种情况下不需要饱和度和值。
转换为十六进制
最简单的部分。我们需要获取 RGB 列表并将值转换为十六进制。
colors = hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
#Converting to hex
lst = list(map(hex,colors))
#Cutting the "0x" part
for i in range(len(lst)):
lst[i] = lst[i][2:]
#If one of the colors has only one digit, extra 0 will be added for a better look
if len(lst[i]) == 1:
lst[i] = "0"+str(lst[i])
print(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis))
将打印 #ff0000、#00ff00 和 #0000ff 之类的内容。
您也可以让您的程序实时显示颜色变化，只需在此块中添加WHITE = colors。 如果您患有光敏性癫痫，请勿使用它。
合并一切
将第一个点和第二个点的函数放在开头的某个位置。
将第一个点的存储添加到块中
for i in range( axes ):
axis = joystick.get_axis( i )
textPrint.print(screen, "Axis {} value: {:>6.3f}".format(i, axis) )
从块后的第三个点开始添加转换。我建议做一个死区功能。
death_zone = 0.1
if abs(Xaxis) > death_zone or abs(Yaxis) > death_zone:
#If you prefer HSV color wheel, use hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
#Else if you prefer RGB color wheel, use hsv_to_rgb(360-get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
colors = hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
#Converting to hex
lst = list(map(hex,colors))
#Cutting the "0x" part
for i in range(len(lst)):
lst[i] = lst[i][2:]
#If one of the colors has only one digit, extra 0 will be added for a better look
if len(lst[i]) == 1:
lst[i] = "0"+str(lst[i])
print("#"+"".join(lst))
毕竟您的代码可能是这样的：
P.S。 - 您可能需要更改一些代码，因为我认为我的操纵杆轴没有被正确捕获。
import pygame
import math
# Define some colors
BLACK = ( 0, 0, 0)
WHITE = ( 62, 210, 255)
def hsv_to_rgb(H,S,V):
#Accirding to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV#From_HSV
#0 <= H <= 360
#0 <= S <= 1
#0 <= V <= 1
C = V * S
h = H/60
X = C * (1 - abs(h % 2 -1))
#Yes, Python can compare like "0 <= 2 > 1"
if 0 <= h <= 1:
r = C; g = X; b = 0
elif 1 <= h <= 2:
r = X; g = C; b = 0
elif 2 <= h <= 3:
r = 0; g = C; b = X
elif 3 <= h <= 4:
r = 0; g = X; b = C
elif 4 <= h <= 5:
r = X; g = 0; b = C
elif 5 <= h < 6:
r = C; g = 0; b = X
m = V - C
#Final computing and converting from 0 - 1 to 0 - 255
R = int((r+m)*255)
G = int((g+m)*255)
B = int((b+m)*255)
return [R,G,B]
def get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis):
#To avoid ZeroDivisionError
#P.S. - you can improve it a bit.
if Xaxis == 0:
Xaxis = 0.001
if Yaxis == 0:
Yaxis = 0.001
#defining the third side of a triangle using the Pythagorean theorem
b = ((Xaxis)**2 + (Yaxis)**2)**0.5
c = Xaxis
a = Yaxis
#Using law of cosines we'll fing angle using arccos of cos
#math.acos returns angles in radians, so we need to multiply it by 180/math.pi
angle = math.acos((b**2 + c**2 - a**2) / (2*b*c)) * 180/math.pi
#It'll fix angles to be in range of 0 to 360
if Yaxis > 0:
angle = 360 - angle
return angle
# This is a simple class that will help us print to the screen
# It has nothing to do with the joysticks, just outputting the
# information.
class TextPrint:
def __init__(self):
self.reset()
self.font = pygame.font.Font(None, 25)
def print(self, screen, textString):
textBitmap = self.font.render(textString, True, BLACK)
screen.blit(textBitmap, [self.x, self.y])
self.y += self.line_height
def reset(self):
self.x = 25
self.y = 25
self.line_height = 30
def indent(self):
self.x += 10
def unindent(self):
self.x -= 10
pygame.init()
# Set the width and height of the screen [width,height]
size = [900, 1080]
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
pygame.display.set_caption("PS4Testing")
#Loop until the user clicks the close button.
done = False
# Used to manage how fast the screen updates
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
# Initialize the joysticks
pygame.joystick.init()
# Get ready to print
textPrint = TextPrint()
# -------- Main Program Loop -----------
while done==False:
# EVENT PROCESSING STEP
for event in pygame.event.get(): # User did something
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # If user clicked close
done=True # Flag that we are done so we exit this loop
screen.fill(WHITE)
textPrint.reset()
# Get count of joysticks
joystick_count = pygame.joystick.get_count()
# For each joystick:
for i in range(joystick_count):
joystick = pygame.joystick.Joystick(i)
joystick.init()
# Usually axis run in pairs, up/down for one, and left/right for
# the other.
axes = joystick.get_numaxes()
for i in range( axes ):
axis = joystick.get_axis( i )
#Storing axis statement
if i == 0:
Xaxis = axis
elif i == 1:
Yaxis = axis
textPrint.print(screen, "Axis {} value: {:>6.3f}".format(i, axis) )
textPrint.unindent()
#If joystick is not in the center
#Death zone is used to not capture joystick if it's very close to the center
death_zone = 0.1
if abs(Xaxis) > death_zone or abs(Yaxis) > death_zone:
#If you prefer HSV color wheel, use hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
#Else if you prefer RGB color wheel, use hsv_to_rgb(360-get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
colors = hsv_to_rgb(get_angle(Xaxis,Yaxis),1,1)
#Converting to hex
lst = list(map(hex,colors))
#Cutting the "0x" part
for i in range(len(lst)):
lst[i] = lst[i][2:]
#If one of the colors has only one digit, extra 0 will be added for a better look
if len(lst[i]) == 1:
lst[i] = "0"+str(lst[i])
print("#"+"".join(lst))
#You can use it to see color change in real time.
#But I don't recomend to use it if you have photosensitive epilepsy.
#WHITE = colors
# ALL CODE TO DRAW SHOULD GO ABOVE THIS COMMENT
# Go ahead and update the screen with what we've drawn.
pygame.display.flip()
# Limit to 20 frames per second
clock.tick(20)
# Close the window and quit.
# If you forget this line, the program will 'hang'
# on exit if running from IDLE.
pygame.quit ()